This document provides an overview of nanotechnology and its history. It discusses key terms like nanoscale and nanotechnology. Some important developments include the discovery of buckyballs in 1980 and carbon nanotubes in 1991. The document also outlines several types of nanotechnology like nano-materials, nano-electronics, nano-robotics and their applications. Nanotechnology is seen as having great potential impacts across many fields like engineering, electronics, medicine and more.

1. Welcome

2. IntroductIon
History of Nanotechnology and
Nano Mahines
By
Abu Bakar Amanullah
+86-15153265178
rakab_007@hotmail.com

3. topIcs
• Nanotechnology Terms and Definitions
• History of Nanotechnology
• Fundamentals concepts
• Types
– Nano-materials
– Nano-Robotics
– Nano-Electronics
• Overview

4. nano-technology
• Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions
of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel
applications.”
• The term "nanotechnology" was defined by Tokyo University of Science
Professor Norio Taniguchi in a 1974 paper as follows:
"'Nano-technology' mainly consists of the
processing of, separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by
one atom or by one molecule."

5. History of NaNo-tecHNology
• In 1980 researchers reported the discovery of “Bucky Ball” a round
molecule of 60 atoms of carbons. This led in turn to the 1991 discovery of
a related molecular shape known as “Carbon Nanotubes”
Carbon NanoTubes are molecular-scale tubes
of graphitic carbon with outstanding
properties
• Nanotechnology is ubiquitous and pervasive. It is an emerging field in all
areas of science, engineering and technology.
• NanoTechnology is seem to have greatest impact in our daily life. It had
improved and helped in many field of science.

6. fuNdameNtals coNcepts
• Larger to smaller: a materials perspective
o A number of physical phenomena become pronounced as the size of the
system decreases. These include statistical mechanical effects, as well as
quantum mechanical effects
• Simple to complex: a molecular perspective
o Modern synthetic chemistry has reached the point where it is possible to
prepare small molecules to almost any structure. These methods are used
today to manufacture a wide variety of useful chemicals such as
pharmaceuticals or commercial polymers.
• Molecular nanotechnology: a long-term view
o Molecular nanotechnology, sometimes called molecular
manufacturing, describes engineered nanosystems (nanoscale
machines) operating on the molecular scale. Molecular
nanotechnology is especially associated with the molecular assembler,
a machine that can produce a desired structure or device atom-by-
atom using the principles of mechanosynthesis .

7. types
Nanotechnology is ubiquitous and pervasive. It is and emerging
field in all areas of science, engineering and technology. Some
are as given.
• Nano-Material. •Nanobiotechnology
• Nano-Electronic. •Nanofluidics
• Nano-Robotics. •Nanohub
• Molecular mechanics •Nanometrology
• Nanoengineering •Nanoscale networks

8. NaNo-materials
• The nanomaterials field includes subfields which develop or study
materials having unique properties arising from their nanoscale
dimensions.
• Interface and colloid science has given rise to many materials which may
be useful in nanotechnology, such as carbon nanotubes and other
fullerenes, and various nanoparticles and nanorods. Nanomaterials with
fast ion transport are related also to nanoionics and nanoelectronics.
• Nanoscale materials can also be used for bulk applications; most present
commercial applications of nanotechnology are of this flavor.
• Progress has been made in using these materials for medical applications;
see Nanomedicine.
• Nanoscale materials are sometimes used in solar cells which combats the
cost of traditional Silicon solar cells
• Development of applications incorporating semiconductor nanoparticles
to be used in the next generation of products, such as display technology,
lighting, solar cells and biological imaging; see quantum dots.

11. NaNo-ElEctroNics
• Nanoelectronics is one of the major technologies of Nanotechnology. It
plays vital role in the field of engineering and electronics.
• Nanoelectronics make use of scientific methods at atomic scale for
developing the Nano machines. The main target is to reduce the size, risk
factor and surface areas of the materials and molecules. Machines under
nano electronic process undergoes the long range of manufacturing steps
each with accurate molecular treatment.
• The Nanotechnology field has been the subject of intense focus,
particularly from the viewpoint of the electronics industry. The
commitment is, no doubt, driven to a large measure by the current top-
down methodologies for fabrication of silicon-based devices. This is
implied in the next-generation approach towards manufacture of MEMS,
microprocessors, optical switching and several other electronic
components.

12. NaNo-ElEctroNics (cont..)
• Nanotechnology is continually playing vital role to improve the capability
of electronic products. The technology also made the devices very light
making the product easy to carry or move and at the same time it has
reduced the power requirement. Some Consumer Products which are
using Nanotechnology:
Computer Hardware
Display Devices
Mobile & Communication Products
Audio Products
Camera & Films
• The world market for nanoelectronics is expected to reach $409.6 billion
by 2015.

14. NaNo-Robotics
• A nanorobot is a tiny machine designed to perform a specific task or tasks
repeatedly and with precision at nanoscale dimensions, that is,
dimensions of a few nanometer s (nm) or less, where 1 nm = 10 -9 meter
• They are nanodevices that will be used for the purpose of maintaining and
protecting the human body against pathogens
• The joint use of nanoelectronics, photolithography, and new biomaterials
provides a possible approach to manufacturing nanorobots for common
medical applications, such as for surgical instrumentation, diagnosis and
drug delivery.
• Potential applications for nanorobotics in
medicine include early diagnosis and targeted
drug-delivery for cancer

16. oveRview
Future of Nanotechnology No one knows
for sure. History shows that science and
technology impact society, but there is no
way to predict what new scietific
discoveries are next how technology will be
used.
tHaNK YoU