This document discusses nanopharmacology and its applications. It begins with a brief history of nanotechnology and defines nanopharmacology as applying nanomedicine and nanotechnology to living systems at the nanoscale. Various nanomaterials that can be used as drug carriers are described, including liposomes, polymers, dendrimers, metal oxides, quantum dots, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes. The document outlines how nanotechnology can provide targeted drug delivery, reduce toxicity, and increase efficacy. Applications discussed include cancer treatment, heart disease, diabetes, skin creams, and COVID-19 diagnostic tests and vaccines. In conclusion, the document states that nanopharmacology will significantly change disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention

1. NANO PHARMACOLOGY
BY DR PARUL PREETY
2ND YEAR PGT
DEPT OF PHARMACOLOGY

2. OUTLINE
• HISTORY
• NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATION
• DEFINITION
• NANOPARTICLES
• ROLE IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
• NANO DRUGS IN PERSONALISED MEDICINE
• NANO AND COVID 19

3. HISTORY
• 1959- Physicist Richard Feymann “
THERES PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE
BOTTOM”
Manipulating material at a scale of
individual atoms and molecules.
• 1974- “ NANOTECHNOLOGY”
termed by Norio Taniguchi

4. • 1981- IBM develops Scanning Tunneling
Microscope
• 1985- “ Bucky ball”- scientists at Rice
university & university of Sussex discover C60
• 1991- Carbon Nanotubes discovered by Sumio
Lijima

5. NANO BIOTECHNOLOGY
• Nanotechnology is a new field of science evolving rapidly in
industrial applications, medical imaging, disease diagnosis,
drug delivery, cancer treatment, and gene therapy, and also to
aid in visual imaging.
• Nanotechnology is at the cutting edge of rapid healthcare
product development as it has many potential human health
benefits.

7. Where can we apply nanotechnology
in field of medicine???
• IMAGING
• IDENTIFICATION
DIAGNOSTIC
• Delivery Of Medication To
Exact Location
• Killing Microrganisms &
Cancer Cells
• Cell Repair
THERAPEUTIC

8. • Nanopharmacology , a relatively newer
branch of pharmacology emerging with the
application of a nanomedicine and
nanotechnology with living systems at the
nanoscale level.

9. Scale of things

10. Factors impacting drug delivery
• Size < 100 nm
• Surface charge
• PEGylation
• Ligand functionalisation
Solubility
Immunogenicity
Stability

11. PEGylation
The modification of a protein, peptide or non-
peptide molecule by the linking of one or
more polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains.
Advantages-
• improved drug solubility
• Reduce dosage frequency
• Reduce toxicity
• Increase drug stability
• Protection from proteolytic degradation

12. NANO PARTICLE
• “PARTICLES WITH ATLEAST ONE DIMENSION
SMALLER THAN 100nm or 0.1 um, and with
different properties than particles of larger
diameters made of the same material”
• As drug carriers can be formed from both
biodegradable & non biodegradable polymers.

13. Biodegradable polymeric
nanoparticles as drug delivery devices
• Controlled release of drugs
• In targeting particular organs/ tissues
• As carriers of DNA in gene therapy
• In their ability to deliver proteins , peptides
and genes through p/o route.

15. ORGANIC
• LIPOSOMES
• POLYMERS
• DENDRIMER
INORGANIC
• METAL OXIDES
• QUANTUM
DOTS
• GOLD NANO
CARBON
BASED
• FULLERENS
• NANO TUBES

17. FULLERENES
• Spherical cage
• 28-100 carbon atoms
• 1nm
• “ soccer ball”
• Appln: contrast agents in imaging,
o Anti oxidants
o Biosensors
o Drug delivery system
o Anti viral & anti HIV activity
o Cancer treatment

18. QUANTUM DOTS/ NANOCRYSTAL / ARTIFICIAL ATOMS
• These are tiny particles measuring only a few nm across,
about the same size as protein molecule or short sequence
of DNA.
• Tiny crystal which glow when stimulated by UV-light.
• 8nm
• Target cancer cells

19. DENDRIMERS
• Synthetic branched macromolecules around a
central core.
• 10nm
• Application-
• Cancer cell recognition, diagnosis, drug
delivery
• Doxorubicin, methotrexate, piroxicam,
flurbiprofen

20. LIPOSOME
• Lipid based vesicles with one or more layers of
phospholipids
• Encapsulation of both hydrophobic & hydrophilic
drugs
• Anti cancer drugs (doxorubicin, paclitaxel,
campotethecin)
• Antibiotics ( vancomycin, amikacin )

21. Doxorubicin liposomal (DOXIL)
• A cancer medication. It interferes with the
growth of cancer cells and slows their growth
and spread in the body.
• Treat metastatic ovarian cancer & AIDS-
related kaposi’s sarcoma

22. • It passes through fenestrations in the vasculature &
concentrating at tumor sites.
• Deliver at moderate concentration over long time.

23. ADVANTAGES OF NANOPARTICLES
• Increase efficacy & therapeutic index of a drug
• Increased stability via encapsulation and protect
drug from enzymatic degradation.
• Improved pharmacokinetic property of drugs
• Entrap both hydrophilic & lipophilic drugs

24. • Wide variety of drugs ( antineoplastic,
antibiotics, antibodies) and genetic materials
can be incorporated.
• It enable site specific & targeted drug delivery.
• Decreased adverse effect & toxicity

25. Disadvantages
• Tendency to be taken up by cells of RES
• Itself may produce toxicity
• Stabilizing the formulated drug carrier system
difficult

27. CONVENTIONAL
MEDICINE
NANO MEDICINE
SPECIFICITY Drugs will pass through
unaffected sites before
reaching affected site
Delivered in more
targeted manner to the
affected site
DOSAGE
RELEASE
Higher initial dosage
required
Able to control dosage by
trigger, requirement, and
even time release
EFFICACY Drug concentration in
affected site is low
Drug concentration in
affected site is more
optimised
SIDE EFFECTS Inevitable exposure of
unaffected sites to drugs
Lesser exposure of
unaffected sites to drugs

28. NANOPARTICLE IN ANTIBACTERIAL
• Treat antibiotic resistant infection
• Treat staph infection
• Release antibiotics when a infection starts in a
wound
Gold NPs & Infrared light Cleaning instrument
Quantum dots Antibiotic resistant infection
Polymer coated iron oxide Chronic bac. Infection
Nano crystalline silver Wound
Nano capsules containing antibiotics infection

29. NANO IN DRUG DELIVERY
• Chemotherapy
• Cancer radiation therapy
• Heart disease-
• Nanoparticle that release insulin
• Treat autoimmune disease
• Treat glaucoma
• Skin creams

30. Nanopharma in cancer
• destroying cancer tumors with minimal
damage to healthy tissue and organs, as well
as the detection and elimination of cancer
cells before they form tumors.

32. In CANCER RADIOTHERAPY
• X ray therapy destroys tumors using
nanoparticle called nbtxr3
• Gold NPs effective against Prostate cancer

33. In heart disease
• deliver cardiac stem cells to damaged heart tissue,
• artificial HDL treats arterial plaque
• Simvastatin conjugated NPs- induce cardiac
regeneration

34. Nano in diabetes
• Glucose monitoring that does not require a blood sample
• Islet implantation
• Nanoparticles that release insulin when glucose levels rise
• potential vaccine for Type 1 DM

35. Nano in skin- skin creams uses protein
derived from stem cells to prevent aging of
skin.
• Sunscreen that uses ZnO nanopartcles to
block UV rays
• nanoparticles called ethosomes to deliver
nutrients that promote hair growth
Nano in glaucoma- nano diamonds
embedded in contact lenses.

36. Nano robots
• Cleaning wounds
• Breaking kidney stones
• Fighting cancer
• Treating atherosclerosis
• Breaking clots
• Parasite removal

37. NANOTECH AND COVID-19
Being applied to creation of:
• Covid vaccines
• Improved protective masks
• Stronger disinfectants
• Better diagnostic methods

40. CONCLUSION
• Nanopharmaology will radically change the
way we diagnose, treat and prevent various
disease to help meet the goal of eliminating
suffering and death.

41. REFERENCES
• https://www.understandingnano.com/coronavirus-
nanotechnology.html
• https://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/new
s/120545/simple-but-effective-an-experimental-
nanoparticle-covid-19-test/
• Postgraduate pharmacology, Sougata sarkar, vartika
srivastava, manjushree mohanty
• Post graduate topics in pharmacology, Rituparna maiti
• Potentials and emerging trends in nanopharmacology :
Keerti Jain, Neelesh Kumar Mehra and Narendra Kumar
Jain