Nanotechnology, nanoparticles, nanospheres, nanocapsules, why is nanoparticles, advantages and disadvantages, types of nanoparticles

1. INTRODUTION OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Prepared by:
A. Ramya Sree [21Z51S0302]
T. Manisha [21Z51S0307]
M.Pharmacy, I/II Sem, Pharmaceutics
Geethanjali College of Pharmacy.
Under guidance:
P. Naga Chandrika, M. Pharm,
Research scholar.

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUTION.
 WHY IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES.
 TYPES OF NANOPARTICLES.

3. INTRODUTION
“Nanotechnology is an enabling technology that allow as to develop
materials with improved or totally new properties”.
Nanotechnology is the use of very small particles of materials. A
Nanometer is a billionth of a meter.
Particles size ranges from 10-1000 nm in diameter.
Nanoparticles manufacturing is an essential component of
nanotechnology because the specific properties are realized at
nanoparticles, nanocrystal or nanolayer level.

5. They are made up of natural, synthetic or semisynthetic polymers
carrying drugs or proteinaceous Substances i.e. antigens[s].
DRUGS can be added during preparation of nanoparticles or to the
previously prepared nanoparticles.
Drugs are entrapped either in the polymer matrix as a particulates or
solid solutions or may be bound to particles surface by physical
adsorption or by chemical reaction.
Depending upon to the method of preparation nanoparticles ,
nanosphere or nano capsule can be obtained.
Nano capsule are systems in which the drug is confined to a cavity
surrounded by a unique polymer membrane , while nanosphere are
matrix system in which the drug is physically and uniformly dispersed.

6.  It has the potential to change our perspectives and expectations and provides us with
the capability to resolve global issues.
 The discovery and use of carbon nanomaterials has allowed the introduction of many
areas of technology in nanomedicine, biosensors and bioelectronics.
 Nanostructures can also provides solutions to technological and environmental
challenges in the areas of catalysis , medicine ,solar energy conversion and water
treatment.
 Nanostructures plays a significant role in the advancement of scientific and
Engineering technologies at the nanoscale.

7. WHY NANOPARTICLES?
They provide greater surface area.
Provide greater Bio-availability.
Offer less toxicity.
They able to avoid renal filtration.
They can easily cross cell membranes.
Their interaction with cell surfaces are possible.
Most of the nano formulations present biocompatibility with the
living system.

8. APPLICATIONS

9. ADVANTAGES
High speed and high capacity memory.
Increased solubility of highly lipophilic drugs.
Drug release in a sustained and controllable manner.
Tunable physical and chemical properties.
Targeted drug delivery.
Good biocompatibility and bioavailability and biodegradability.
Decreased toxicity or side effects of drugs.

10. DISADVANTAGES
More expensive.
Lack of proper knowledge about the effect of nanoparticles on bio-
chemicals pathways and processes in human body.
Elimination and metabolism vary with different types of materials used
in nanoparticles synthesis.
Carcinogenesis.
Short shelf.
Nanotubes may causes infections in lungs.

11. TYPES OF NANOPARTICLES
NANOSPHERES
• Nanospheres are matrix system in
which drug is physically& uniformly
dispersed.
NANOCAPSULES
• It is a systems in which drug is
confined to cavity surrounded by a
unique polymer membrane.

12. Nano capsules Nanospheres
oIts is novel spherical.
Nanocarrier With a diameter of
less than 200nm.
oThey show the presence of
empty space within their
construct for the drug to be
encapsulated.
oThe wall composition also
decides the release of drug
from the nanocapsule.
oNanosphere are prepared with
biodegradable , biocompatible
and synthetic polymers.
oBecause of small size of
nanosphere they can be
administered orally, locally ,
systemically.
oThey are commonly prepared
evaporation technique with PLA
and PLGA.

13. REFERENCE
 Targeted and controlled drug delivery by S.P.VYAS and R.KK.KHAR
 Nanotechnology in drug delivery –A Review, Indian Drugs ,Issue 11,
November2011.
 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813586-0.00001-8.
 Nanotechnology in Oncology - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate.
Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Advantages-
and-disadvantages-of-nanotechnology_tbl3_351804829 [accessed
12 Jul, 2022].