The document summarizes different types of microscopes used to study microorganisms. It discusses light microscopes like brightfield, darkfield and phase contrast microscopes. It also describes electron microscopes like transmission electron microscopes (TEM) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM) that use electron beams instead of light. TEM images internal structures by transmitting electrons through thin samples while SEM scans sample surfaces using secondary electrons. Sample preparation methods for both light and electron microscopy are also outlined.

1. Jitendra kumar pandey PG, Med. Microbiology 2 nd year

6. LIGHT MICROSCOPY

17. Bright Field Microscopy

20. How Image is formed

21. How Image is formed

24. Image formed by bright field microscopy

26. Dark field Microscopy

29. How image formed in dark field microscopy

42. Fluorescent Microscope

53. Structure

74. Advantages Spirillum volutans. Electron micrograph showing individual flagella

75. Leptospira biflexa. Electron micrograph showing axial filament .