The document provides an overview and summary of key changes in California's 2008 Building Energy Efficiency Standards, also known as Title 24, for both residential and nonresidential buildings. Some major changes include new requirements for lighting controls, occupancy sensors in certain areas, reduced lighting power limits, demand response controls, outdoor lighting changes, and sign lighting changes. The standards are aimed at reducing energy usage and demand through mandating minimum lighting automation, maximum allowed wattage, and incentives for exceeding requirements. Key definitions, lighting control product standards, and indoor and outdoor lighting control requirements are also summarized.
About us
TTHERM GEO heat pumps are designed and distributed by Terra-Therm Inc, a wholesale distributor who has over 30 years of experience in the Geo exchange industry. Our cold climate heat pumps are built and designed in Minnesota with our customers comfort in mind. We understand what it takes to harvest Earths energy and by using our exclusive GEO LOGIC controls we can optimize both comfort and savings.
TTHERM GEO geothermal heat pumps are better by design:
Optimized efficiency in all modes of heating and cooling
Ultra-quiet operation
Highest heating discharge air temperature in the industry
Highest heating capacities per nominal size
Build to outlast the competition
10 years refrigeration parts and labor warranty
Lifetime cabinet warranty
Energy Star Certified by DOE and the EPA
Along with our technical department TTHERM GEO and Terra-Therm Inc. have earned the respect of industry professionals and we are dedicated to providing superior customer assistance for many years of trouble free operation.
Specialties
Geothermal accessories, Technical Geothermal Heat Pump foresics, Training, Geothermal Hydronic Design and Application, Radiant Floor, and TTHERM GEO Forced Air and Hydronic Heat Pumps
www.discovergeothermal.com
www.ttherm.com
www.tthermgeo.com
Restoration Drill & Pre-Drill Training ; System Restoration OverviewPower System Operation
Identify historical system events that resulted in system separation and blackouts
WSCC/WECC Disturbance 1996
Northeast Blackout 2003
Arizona-Southern California Outages 2011
Identify the elements and importance of a system assessment following a event
Review system configurations as a result of the disturbances
About us
TTHERM GEO heat pumps are designed and distributed by Terra-Therm Inc, a wholesale distributor who has over 30 years of experience in the Geo exchange industry. Our cold climate heat pumps are built and designed in Minnesota with our customers comfort in mind. We understand what it takes to harvest Earths energy and by using our exclusive GEO LOGIC controls we can optimize both comfort and savings.
TTHERM GEO geothermal heat pumps are better by design:
Optimized efficiency in all modes of heating and cooling
Ultra-quiet operation
Highest heating discharge air temperature in the industry
Highest heating capacities per nominal size
Build to outlast the competition
10 years refrigeration parts and labor warranty
Lifetime cabinet warranty
Energy Star Certified by DOE and the EPA
Along with our technical department TTHERM GEO and Terra-Therm Inc. have earned the respect of industry professionals and we are dedicated to providing superior customer assistance for many years of trouble free operation.
Specialties
Geothermal accessories, Technical Geothermal Heat Pump foresics, Training, Geothermal Hydronic Design and Application, Radiant Floor, and TTHERM GEO Forced Air and Hydronic Heat Pumps
www.discovergeothermal.com
www.ttherm.com
www.tthermgeo.com
Restoration Drill & Pre-Drill Training ; System Restoration OverviewPower System Operation
Identify historical system events that resulted in system separation and blackouts
WSCC/WECC Disturbance 1996
Northeast Blackout 2003
Arizona-Southern California Outages 2011
Identify the elements and importance of a system assessment following a event
Review system configurations as a result of the disturbances
BC Comfort ASHRAE 90.1 2010 Envelope Highlights (Christopher Boyzk Architects...bccomfort
THE Energy Standard. Ratings for envelope, HVAC equipment, power, lighting levels. Copied by Canada (National Energy Code), referenced by the rest of the world. Still not in effect in Alberta, but it is in effect in various forms in most of the US.
Sales Training - New Building Codes for Lighting - CA Title 24Jennifer Andrews
Sales training breakdown of changes to LED lighting code standards in commercial buildings and retrofits. LumaStream's Low-voltage LED lighting meets or exceeds standards in each area, offering competitive advantage over high voltage options, and low-voltage competitors. Outlines changes required for commercial spaces including, multi-level controls, automatic shut-off, occupancy sensor controls, daylighting, demand response, power density values, typical RCRs, color rendering index (CRI), compliance procedures for commercial buildings, among other new requirements.
Công ty TNHH Hạo Phương là đối tác phân phối các thiết bị điện công nghiệp của hãng Fuji Electric (Nhật Bản): MCCB, MCB, Contactor, Servo Motor, biến tần, màn hình cảm ứng, PLC...
VKAT, Vijaykrishna Automation Technology offers CCTV surveillance systems, Access control and BMS systems for home, small & medium offices, Large corporates, Hospitals, Educational institutions, Hospital, Govt departments and many more....
We promote Top brands and Affordable brands which are at the top in quality. Our after sales support team is one of the best in the industry.
Fuji tu dong hoa catalog frenic-aqua-fuji-dienhathe.orgDien Ha The
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.vn
A Smart Landfill Gas Control System Design to Optimize ROI & PerformanceAffinity Energy
Landfill gas operators with many pieces of equipment understand it’s challenging to have complete visibility and ensure maximum uptime. Learn how to design your plant control system for maximum ROI by utilizing a scalable and comprehensive SCADA system, and specifying the right data points for real-time and historical analysis.
By analyzing data and properly configuring alarms and alerts, owners can properly prioritize maintenance, optimize operations, and proactively identify potential problems to ultimately exceed expected plant performance.
By viewing the SCADA system as an information system, Affinity Energy can provide owners and operators with the tools to achieve a higher rate of return on their automation investment.
Learn more http://affinityenergy.com
Industrial monitoring and control systems using andriod applicationAvinash Vemula
Automation takes the complete control of total plants few authentication and manual actions are needed from user side for completing action .Hence there is a must situation for users presence at all times in the control for taking some timely needed control actions. The proposed system provides a good solution to this problem. The whole control room environment is additionally implemented in the arm-android platform and the same is communicated to the process through Bluetooth. Now the user in control can use mobile at anytime, anywhere to monitor and control the whole plant.8051 is used here for acquiring process control parameters from the sensors like temperature, gas etc and transmitting it via a Bluetooth module to an android device. Hence the parameter values can be monitored and stored simultaneously.
Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems, which were introduced in Japan in 1982, have become popular in many countries, yet they relatively unknown in the United States. VRF systems can condition multiple zones in a building, each of which may have different heating and cooling needs. Using sophisticated control technologies, VRF systems can modulate amount of refrigerant sent to each zone independently and in tune with diverse and changing space conditioning loads, providing substantial energy savings.
To learn more about the many VRF benefits read our guide below:
BC Comfort ASHRAE 90.1 2010 Envelope Highlights (Christopher Boyzk Architects...bccomfort
THE Energy Standard. Ratings for envelope, HVAC equipment, power, lighting levels. Copied by Canada (National Energy Code), referenced by the rest of the world. Still not in effect in Alberta, but it is in effect in various forms in most of the US.
Sales Training - New Building Codes for Lighting - CA Title 24Jennifer Andrews
Sales training breakdown of changes to LED lighting code standards in commercial buildings and retrofits. LumaStream's Low-voltage LED lighting meets or exceeds standards in each area, offering competitive advantage over high voltage options, and low-voltage competitors. Outlines changes required for commercial spaces including, multi-level controls, automatic shut-off, occupancy sensor controls, daylighting, demand response, power density values, typical RCRs, color rendering index (CRI), compliance procedures for commercial buildings, among other new requirements.
Công ty TNHH Hạo Phương là đối tác phân phối các thiết bị điện công nghiệp của hãng Fuji Electric (Nhật Bản): MCCB, MCB, Contactor, Servo Motor, biến tần, màn hình cảm ứng, PLC...
VKAT, Vijaykrishna Automation Technology offers CCTV surveillance systems, Access control and BMS systems for home, small & medium offices, Large corporates, Hospitals, Educational institutions, Hospital, Govt departments and many more....
We promote Top brands and Affordable brands which are at the top in quality. Our after sales support team is one of the best in the industry.
Fuji tu dong hoa catalog frenic-aqua-fuji-dienhathe.orgDien Ha The
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.vn
A Smart Landfill Gas Control System Design to Optimize ROI & PerformanceAffinity Energy
Landfill gas operators with many pieces of equipment understand it’s challenging to have complete visibility and ensure maximum uptime. Learn how to design your plant control system for maximum ROI by utilizing a scalable and comprehensive SCADA system, and specifying the right data points for real-time and historical analysis.
By analyzing data and properly configuring alarms and alerts, owners can properly prioritize maintenance, optimize operations, and proactively identify potential problems to ultimately exceed expected plant performance.
By viewing the SCADA system as an information system, Affinity Energy can provide owners and operators with the tools to achieve a higher rate of return on their automation investment.
Learn more http://affinityenergy.com
Industrial monitoring and control systems using andriod applicationAvinash Vemula
Automation takes the complete control of total plants few authentication and manual actions are needed from user side for completing action .Hence there is a must situation for users presence at all times in the control for taking some timely needed control actions. The proposed system provides a good solution to this problem. The whole control room environment is additionally implemented in the arm-android platform and the same is communicated to the process through Bluetooth. Now the user in control can use mobile at anytime, anywhere to monitor and control the whole plant.8051 is used here for acquiring process control parameters from the sensors like temperature, gas etc and transmitting it via a Bluetooth module to an android device. Hence the parameter values can be monitored and stored simultaneously.
Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems, which were introduced in Japan in 1982, have become popular in many countries, yet they relatively unknown in the United States. VRF systems can condition multiple zones in a building, each of which may have different heating and cooling needs. Using sophisticated control technologies, VRF systems can modulate amount of refrigerant sent to each zone independently and in tune with diverse and changing space conditioning loads, providing substantial energy savings.
To learn more about the many VRF benefits read our guide below:
presentation from Smart Buildings 2015 at the NEC discussing the implications and application when planning lighting connection and control. Klik features in addition to Occupancy sensors from Hager
Automatic Light Control using LDR and PIR SensorZiauddin Ridoy
The main purpose of designing this project is to prevent loss of current unnecessarily during day time.
During night the bulb will automatically glow .
COMPONENTS REQUIRED :
RELAY
LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED)
LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR (LDR)
PASSIVE INFRARED SENSOR (PIR)
RESISTOR (1k ohm)
DIODE
TRANSISTOR (BC547)
BATTERY (POWER SOURCE)
California Title 24 in the LED Era - Presented by Jim Benya, Benya Burnett Co...Cindy Foster-Warthen
Sign up or log in to save this event to your list and see who's attending!
Find out what Title 24 -2013 is all about along with a hint of what to expect in 2016 from the US design industry’s leading expert in codes and standards and a member of the Title 24 development team for four decades.
BTech ECE project final report using ArduinoBhuvi85107
This is my original work. The notes I have made on some pages were learnt over time, you can incorporate them in your electronics hobbying (although this site is mostly used for copying projects and not learning haha). Feel free to use any part of the project.
MOX Home Automation designs and manufactures an ever expanding range of intelligent home and building automation products.
For more information, please visit www.mox.com.au
Connecting SolarEdge power optimizers to solar PV panels makes them SMART PANELS that produce MORE POWER at all times.
SolarEdge is the proven leader in PV power optimisation with over 2 million
power optimisers installed in over 45 countries worldwide. The power optimizers connected to the panels enable them to produce more energy from your system, compared to a traditional system, for a better return on your investment.
Occupant Engaged - A ZEB control concept for engaging occupantsShanti Pless
Overly complex and fully automatic control systems in high performance commercial buildings often lead to a disconnect in design intent and realizing net zero in actual operations. To address this disconnect, we have developed a high performance building control concept that simplifies control and engages occupants in reaching net zero operations. This slide deck reviews the details of this concept as applied in our own net zero projects at NREL, and proposes additional Occupant Engaged control concepts.
Catalog Frenic-HVAC (Fuji Electric): Biến tần Frenic-HVAC
Beeteco.com là trang mua sắm trực tuyến thiết bị điện - Tự động hóa uy tín tại Việt Nam.
Chuyên cung cấp các thiết bị: Đèn báo nút nhấn, Relay, Timer, Contactor, MCCB ELCB, Biến tần, Van, Thiết bị cảm biến, phụ kiện tủ điện, .... Từ các thương hiệu hàng đầu trên thế giới.
www.beeteco.com @ Công ty TNHH TM KT ASTER
Số 7 Đại Lộ Độc Lập, KCN Sóng Thần 1, P. Dĩ An, Tx. Dĩ An, Bình Dương
www.facebook.com/beeteco
Tel: 0650 3617 012
DĐ: 0904 676 925
Presentation on the techniques used in two platinum rated intelligent buildings for reducing the energy consumption - United States Green Building Council (USGBC) Building (United States) and Suzlon-One Earth Building in Pune (India)
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
1. California’s 2008 Building Energy
Efficiency Standards for Residential
and Nonresidential Buildings
A Title 24 Code Review
for Electrical Professionals
By: Brian Friedel LEED AP
brian.friedel@wattstopper.com
District Sales Manager
Watt Stopper / Legrand
2. 2
Learning Objectives
1. In depth review of the new California
Energy Code requirements for lighting
controls, and touch on lighting changes
2. Identify how specific new requirements
impact current building designs
3. Apply lighting and lighting controls
knowledge to create code-compliant project
designs
3. 3
Why Bother?
• Future Energy Questions
– Uncertain supply
• Bulk of CA’s energy comes from petroleum-
based products
– Capacity constraints
• Cost and Environmental impact to build new
power new generation plants
• Environmental Concerns
– Green Building Designs
– LEED
– Darksky
5. Code Goals
• Energy Savings
• Electricity Reliability and Demand
• Comfort Economics
• Environment
– Green House Gas Emissions
– Impact on Climate Change
5
6. 6
3 Key Ideas behind Title 24
• Mandate minimum automation
– Eliminate “wasted” electrical
consumption
• Mandate maximum allowed watt/ft2
– Ensure lower electrical envelope for
new buildings
• Provide incentives for exceeding
current mandatory measures
– Allow engineers to offer creative
solutions
7. Major Changes from 2005 Version
• Major Changes to Daylighting Requirements
• Occupancy sensors required in certain areas
• Lighting power limits for indoor lighting have
been reduced
• Demand Response controls
• Outdoor Lighting Changes
• Sign Lighting Changes
7
8. 8
When?
• 2008 Building Energy Standards
take effect August 1, 2009
– for any site pulling a permit after that
date.
9. 9
Buildings Covered
• Buildings that are “unconditioned, indirectly or
directly conditioned by mechanical heating or
mechanical cooling” [§100(a)]
• Outdoor lighting systems, indoor & outdoor signs
included [§100(b) and (d)]
• Exceptions: Some temporary & qualified historic
buildings
§100: Scope
From 2005
10. 10
Review the definitions…
§101: Definitions
• “Shall” is mandatory, “May” is permissive
• Highlight these definitions:
– “Nonresidential Function Area or Type of Use”
• Was “Occupancy Types”
• Atria, Classroom, Mall, Office, Stair, Waiting area…
– “Outdoor Lighting” defines many exterior areas
• Canopy, Hardscape, Lantern, Pendant, Principal viewing
location, Vehicle service station…
– “Residential Space Type”
• Bathroom, Closet, Garage, Kitchen…
– “Sign” lists many different sign types
• Cabinet, externally illuminated, traffic…
26 Pages!
11. Definitions
• Occupant Sensors turn off lights in an indoor
lighting system after an area is empty of people.
– When used to control outdoor lighting systems, it is
termed a motion sensor.
• Vacancy Sensors are units where the lights must
manually be turned on, but the sensor
automatically turns the lights off soon after an
area is vacated.
– Also may be called a manual-on occupant sensor.
• Daylight Area is the floor area under skylights or
next to windows.The daylight area includes:
– Primary Sidelit Daylight Area,
– Secondary Sidelit Daylight Area, and
– Skylit Daylight Area
12. 12
Lighting Control Products
• Performance criteria & physical product
constraints requirements
• Changes for Sensors & Daylighting
• Adds §’s for Dimmers, Ballasts,
Current Limiters, and LED
• Certification requirements for
manufactured devices [§100(h)]
– http://www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/appliance/
§119: Mandatory Requirements for Lighting Control Devices, Ballasts and Luminaires
13. Lighting Control Devices
• Indicator lights
– Indicator lights integral to lighting
control devices can not consume
more than 1 watt of power per
indicator light
• Automatic Time Switch Devices
– If power is lost the switch must save
schedules for at least 7 days and the
time and date setting for 72 hours
(was 10 hrs for both)
§119(b-c): Mandatory Requirements for Lighting Control Devices
13
14. Occupancy Sensors
• Occupancy and Vacancy Sensors
– Must have a visible status signal to indicate the
device is operating properly
– Status signal can have an override switch to turn
off the signal
§119(d): Mandatory Requirements for Lighting Control Devices
14
15. Multi-level Occupancy Sensors
• Will automatically turn off all lights
• Manually or Automatically turn on 30-70% of
the lighting power in a room,
• Then must be manually capable of:
• Activating the alternate set of lights
• Activating 100% of the lighting power
• Deactivating all lights
§119(e): Mandatory Requirements for Lighting Control Devices
New
Device!
OK!
16. Comparison to Occupancy Sensor
Average occupied time - 6 hrs/day
Bi-Level Switch Study - Comparison
13%
38%
100%
70%
32%
17%
30%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Auto On 50% Manual On Baseline
100% On While Occupied
ONTime(%WhileOccupied)
100% Light (Switch 1 and 2) 50% Light (Switch 1 or 2) 0% Light (Off)
17. 72
81
150
0
50
100
150
200
Auto On 50% Manual On Baseline
100% On While Occupied
KwhPerYear(AverageOffice)
Annual Lighting Energy Use
52%
46% Code
compliant
today
18. 18
Daylighting Controllers
Requirements include:
– Reduce general lighting uniformly by ≥ 66% (was
50%)
– Stepped systems need dead band & time delay
– Temporary override for calibration for devices
with time delays (< 60 minutes)
– Setpoint scale resolution ≤10% of full range
– Linear 5% accuracy over sensor’s range
– Light Sensor separate from calibration
device or unaffected during
startup
§119 (f): Automatic Daylighting Control Devices
Revised!
20. Did you know?
• Interior photosensor can’t have a mechanical
slide cover that permits easy unauthorized
disabling of the control, and
• Cannot be incorporated into a wall-mounted
occupant sensor?
§119(g):Interior Photosensors
20
21. 21
• Multi-level astronomical time switch device used
for daylit zones
– 2 separately programmable steps (relays) per zone
– Offset control for each step from 1-240 minutes
– Sunrise/set accurate to within +/- 15 minutes; clock
accurate to within 5 minutes per year; performs
daylight savings changes automatically
– Must now be capable of storing astronomic time
parameters (used to develop longitude, latitude, time
zone) for at least 7 days in case of power outage
– Display date/time; sunrise/set; switching times
§119: (h) Multi-level Astronomical Time-switch Controls
Astro-based Daylighting Device
22. 22
Outdoor Astro Time Switch
• New exterior lighting controller
– Similar to device in §119(h)
– Applies to outdoor lighting in §132(c)
– 2 separately programmable
channels, individually offset 1-99
minutes
– Store astro time parameters for at
least 7 days if power is interrupted
§119 (i): Outdoor Astronomical Time Switch
23. Vacancy Sensor
• Vacancy Sensor (Manual-On
Occupancy Sensor)
– Used to meet §150(k)
– Turns off lighting within 30 minutes
after a room is vacated
– Visible status signal §119(d)
– Not turn lighting off automatically
except for a 15 – 30 sec grace period
– No override switch to disable the
sensor
– No override switch to convert the
sensor from manual-on to auto-on
§119 (j): Mandatory Requirements for Lighting Control Devices
New
Device!
24. 24
What buildings do codes apply to?
• Nonresidential, high-rise
residential, motel/hotel, &
outdoor lighting (§130 - §139)
• High rise residential dwelling
units & Hotel/Motel guest
rooms follow §150(k)
– Exception for 10% guest rooms
§130 (a-b): Mandatory Lighting Requirements – General
25. 25
Overview
• §131(a) Area controls
• §131(b) Multi-level lighting controls
• §131(c) Daylit areas
• §131(d) Shut-off controls
• §131(e) Display lighting
• §131(f) Lighting control acceptance
* Bold items = biggest changes
§131: Indoor Lighting Controls that Shall be Installed
Moved §134
26. 26
Area Controls – Minimal Changes
• Each area enclosed by ceiling height
partition shall have a device:
– Readily accessible
– Pilot lit, or can view controlled lights
– Manually operated or occupancy sensor
• Other devices may be installed with
the switching or control device if:
– They permit the switching or control device to manually
turn off the lights in each area enclosed by ceiling
height partition.
– They reset any automatic system to normal
• Exception for 0.3 Watts of security lighting, or in
public areas with switches accessible to
Authorized Personnel.
§131(a): Area Controls
27. 27
“Other Devices” Requirement
From the 2005 Title 24 Compliance
Manual:
“If the room switching operates in conjunction
with any other kind of lighting control device,
there are two other requirements: 1) the other
control device must allow the room switching
to override its action, and 2) if the other
control device is automatic, it must
automatically reset to its normal operation
mode without any further action.
§131(a)2: Area Controls
28. 28
Office 1
Standard
SPST
Switch
Ø
N
Switches Must Override Schedules
S S S
Office 2
Standard
SPST
Switch
Office 3
Standard
SPST
Switch
Since SPST Line Voltage
Switches do not override the
time clock, they can’t be used.
N/C Contactor
or Relay
Relay or
Contactor Panel
SMaster
29. 29
Timeclock
Programming
7:00 pm Off Pulse…
11:00 pm Off
Pulse…
3:00 pm Off Pulse…
N/C Contactor
or Relay
Office 1
Auto Shut Off
Switch
Relay or
Contactor Panel
Ø
N
“Auto Shut Off Switches”
Office 2
Auto Shut Off
Switch
Office 3
Auto Shut Off
Switch
Control devices are available that can be signaled to go Off by a timeclock “pulse”. Since
the occupant can manually turn these On & Off, they meet Title 24 requirements.
30. 30
Multi-Level Lighting Controls
• Required for spaces:
– ≥ 100 ft2, and
– Lighting power density > .8 W/ft2, and
• Minimum of two levels of control:
– Between 30% & 70% of full power
– Full Off
• Can dim all lamps or luminaires, or step switch
alternate lamps, luminaires, or rows
• Exception for
– Corridor Lights, or
– Spaces with a single 1 or 2 lamp luminaire
§131(b): Multi-level lighting controls
31. Application – Small Private Office
Bi-level Occupancy Sensor Switching, Plug load control
33. Application – Large Private Office
Ceiling Occupancy Sensor, Power Pack, Bi-level Switching
34. 34
Daylighting – 2005 T24
• Daylight areas > 250 ft2 must:
– Control 50% of the power in the
daylit area lighting separately
from other lighting in enclosed
space
– Control sidelighting & toplighting
separately
– Provide even illumination level
[similar to §131(b)]
§131(c): Daylit Areas
The Old Way
36. 36
Daylighting – 2005 T24
• Skylight daylit areas > 2,500 ft2
(in any room) require:
– Automatic multi-level daylighting
controller with 2-level reduction
[§119(i)], or
– Multi-level time switch [§119(h)],
and Override switches [§131(d)2]
• Exceptions for obstructing
structures and where effective
skylight aperture is too low.
§131(c)2: Daylit Areas
The Old Way
37. Daylighting Definitions
• Three different Daylight Zones
• DO NOT double count overlapping areas
– Primary Sidelit
– Secondary Sidelit
– Daylight Area Skylit
§131(c): Daylit Areas
37
Director’s Cut
Completely Rewritten
38. 38
D1
Primary Sidelit Area
D1 = Window Head Height, or
• Distance to closest 60” high
permanent obstruction*
W1= Window Width (W0) + (on
each side)
• 2’, or
• Distance to closest 60” high
permanent obstruction
Primary Sidelit area = (D1) x (W0 + 4’ )
Control luminaires in the Primary Sidelit area
W0
Primary
Daylit
Zone
W1
* Per Compliance Manual, Cubical Walls ARE NOT Permanent
39. 39
D1
Secondary Sidelit Area
D1 = Window Head Height, or
• Distance to closest 60” high
permanent obstruction*, or
• Distance to skylit Daylit area
W1= Window Width (W0) + (on
each side)
• 2’, or
• Distance to closest 60” high
permanent obstruction, or
• Distance to skylit Daylit area
Secondary Sidelit area = (D1) x (W0 + 4’ )
W0
Primary
Daylit
Zone
W1
* Per Compliance Manual, Cubical Walls ARE NOT Permanent
Secondary
Daylit
Zone
Used for possible Credits in 146(c)
42. 42
Toplighting Area Determination
L1, L2, W1,W2 = smallest of
the following values:
– 70% of ceiling height, or
– Distance to any Primary
Sidelit edge (includes
Rooftop Monitor Daylit, or
– Distance to permanent
partition or rack that’s further
away than 70% distance
between partition/rack top
and ceiling.
Daylit area= L x W = (L1+Lo+ L2) x (W1+W0+W2)
Control luminaires in or partially in the daylit area
W0
L0
L1
L2
W1 W2
Daylit Zone
Sky -
light
44. Daylight Areas
• If General Lighting Luminaires are totally or
partially in the Skylit daylight area and/or the
Primary Sidelit daylight area:
– Control at least 50 percent of the general lighting power
in the primary sidelit and skylit daylight areas separately
from other lighting in the enclosed space.
– Control luminaires in primary sidelit areas separately
from skylit areas.
• Exception
– When Primary Sidelit and Skylit Daylight areas total ≤
250 square feet within any enclosed space.
§131 (c)2A: Daylight Areas
44
45. Skylit Daylight Areas
• Skylit Daylight Areas:
– Show areas on the plans.
– Control general lighting in the area with an automatic
daylighting controller for areas >2,500 sq ft per §131(c)2D.
• Exceptions
– Areas in any enclosed space is ≤ 2,500 sq ft
– Where sunlight is blocked at least 6 hours during the equinox
– When skylight effective aperture is > 4.0%, and all general
lighting in the area is controlled by a multi-level astronomical
time switch with an override switch.
– Skylit daylight areas have too small an effective aperture
(<0.006) per §146(a)2E.
§131 (c)2B: Daylight Areas
45
46. Primary Sidelit Daylight Areas
• Primary Sidelit Areas
– Show on the plans,
– Control general lighting with an automatic daylighting
controller for areas >2,500 sq ft per §131(c) 2D.
• Exceptions:
– Total Primary Sidelit area in enclosed space is ≤ 2,500 sq ft
– Primary sidelit daylight areas where the effective aperture is
< 0.1 (per §146(a)2E)
– Where existing structures are twice as tall as their distance from
the windows.
– Parking garages
§131 (c)2C: Daylight Areas
46
47. Automatic Daylighting Control Device
• Automatic daylighting control devices shall be
installed per following:
– Photosensors are located so that they are not readily
accessible per designer’s or manufacturer’s instructions.
– Calibration should be adjusted in a place readily
accessible to authorized personnel, near a ceiling access
panel that is ≤11 feet above floor.
– Shall be multi-level, including continuous dimming, with
one step between 50-70% percent lighting power.
§131 (c)2D: Daylight Areas
47
48. Automatic Daylighting Control Device
• Exceptions
– Controlled lighting has lighting power density
< 0.3 W/ft2.
– When replacing skylights in a building with an
existing general lighting system.
– When doing so would provide less light than the
controlled electric lights themselves.
§131 (c)2D: Daylight Areas
48
49. 49
Skylights - Large Spaces, Bldgs ≤ 3 Stories
§143(c): Minimum Skylight Area
• Conditioned or Unconditioned spaces > 8,000 ft2 (was
25,000) under roof, with ceilings > 15 ft and LPD ≥ 0.5 W/ft2
must:
– Have ≥ 50% floor area in between Primary Sidelit and Skylit
Daylit areas.
– Meet minimum Skylit and Sidelit Daylit ratios
• Lighting in daylit area controlled per §131(c) 2
( = 250 ft2 and 2,500 ft2 zone rules)
• Exceptions:
– Climate zones 1 & 16, theatres, churches, museums, and
refrigerated warehouses.
– Some buildings with future built out spaces
– Enclosed spaces with LPD < .5W / sqft
Applications: Warehouses & Big-box Retail
Revised
Rule!
50. 50
Daylighting Suggestions
• Think:
– Skylights = Big, additive zones. Code may require
controls.
– Windows = Small, individual zones. Controls may be
a good idea, but not required.
• When creating Daylight Zones:
– Consistent daylight contribution
– Minimize shadowing in a zone
– Create zones with consistent use / appearance
– Visual and logical connection
§143(c): Minimum Skylight Area
51. 51
Shut-off Requirements
• Every floor must have method of turning off all
interior lighting systems, either:
– Occupancy sensor
– Automatic time switch
– Other device
• Exceptions:
– 24/365 operational areas
– Corridor, guest-rooms & dwelling units,
parking garages
– .3W/ft2 (was .5) security/emergency egress
§131(d): Shut-off Controls
52. Mandatory use of Sensors
• Occupancy sensors must be installed in
the following areas to shut off the lighting:
– Offices 250 sq ft or smaller
– Multipurpose rooms of less than 1000 sq ft
– Classrooms of any size
– Conference rooms of any size
• Controls must allow the lights to be
manually shut off in compliance with
§131(a) regardless of the sensor’s status
§131 (d): Indoor Lighting Controls
52
New
Requirement
59. Display Lighting
• Floor, wall, window, and case display lighting
shall each be separately switched on circuits
that are 20 amps or less
§131 (e): Indoor Lighting Controls
59
60. Demand Responsive Lighting Controls
• Demand responsive automatic lighting
controls must be installed in Retail buildings
with sales floor areas > 50,000 sq ft
• Controls must uniformly reduce lighting
power consumption by 15%
• Exception:
– Buildings where more than 50% of the lighting
power is controlled by daylighting controls
§131 (g): Indoor Lighting Controls
60
Huge Change!
61. Reduction of Wattage through Controls
§146(a) 2: Prescriptive Requirements for Indoor Lighting
• Controlled watts of lighting may be reduced by
watts times the PAF Table 146C
• In the following areas multi-level occupant sensors
used to qualify for the Power Adjustment Factor
must comply with Section 119
– Any space 250 ft or smaller enclosed by floor-to-ceiling
partitions
– Classroom of any size
– Corridors of any size
– Conference room of any size
– Waiting room of any size
62. Lighting Power Adjustment Factors
§146: Lighting Power Adjustment Factors
Type of Control Type of Space Factor
Multi-level occupant sensor combined with multi-level
circuitry and switching
Any space <250 sq ft enclosed by floor-to-ceiling partition; any
size classroom, corridor, conference room or waiting room
0.2
Multi-level occupant sensor that reduces lighting power
at least 50% when no persons are present. May be
switching or dimming
Hallways of hotels/motels, multi-family, dormitory, and senior
housing.
Commercial & Industrial storage stack areas (max 2
aisles/sensor)
Library Stacks
0.25
0.15
0.15
Manual Dimming System Hotels/motels, restaurants, auditoriums, theaters 0.1
Multiscene programmable dimming system Hotels/motels, restaurants, auditoriums, theaters 0.2
Demand responsive lighting control that reduces lighting
power consumption in response to a demand response
signal
All building types 0.05
Manual dimming of dimmable electronic ballasts All building types 0.15
Demand responsive lighting control that reduces lighting
power consumption in response to a demand response
signal when used in combination with manual dimming
of dimmable electronic ballasts
All building types 0.15
Combined controls – multi-level occupant sensor
combined with multi-level circuitry and switching
combined with automatic multi-level daylighting controls
Any space ≤ 250 sq ft within a daylit area and enclosed by floor-
to-ceiling partitions, any size classroom, corridor, conference
room or waiting room. PAF may be added to daylighting control
credit
0.10
Combined controls – manual dimming of dimmable
electronic ballasts when used in combination with multi-
level circuitry and switching
Any space ≤ 250 sq ft enclosed by floor-to-ceiling partitions; any
size classroom, corridor, conference or waiting room
0.25
64. 64
Exterior Lighting Controls
• Permanent outdoor lighting
shall be controlled by photocell
or astro time clock
– Exceptions: Garages, tunnels, large
covered areas.
• Building facades, parking lots,
garages, sales & non-sales
canopies, & outdoor sales areas
with 2+ luminaires need automatic time switch
– Turns Lights Off when not needed
– Reduces power by 50-80%
– Exceptions: Motion and photocell controlled lights, some stairs,
health or life safety, temporary lighting, signs, or 24/7
§132(c): Outdoor Lighting Controls and Equipment
66. Controls for all Signs
• Signs with permanently connected lighting
1. Must have an Automatic Time Switch
2. If an Outdoor sign, shall have a photocontrol or
outdoor astronomical time switch controller
• Exception for Outdoor signs in tunnels and large covered
area the require illumination during daylight hours
§133 (a): Sign Lighting Controls
New
Section
66
67. Controls for all Signs (cont.)
3. All outdoor signs must have dimmer to
automatically reduce sign power by a minimum
of 65% during nighttime hours.
• Exceptions
– Signs illuminated for less than 1 hour per day during
daylight hours
– Outdoor signs in tunnels and large covered areas that
require illumination during daylight hours
– Metal halide, high pressure sodium, cold cathode, and
neon lamps used to illuminate signs or parts of signs
– Demand Responsive Electronic Message Center Control
– EMC required by a health or life safety statue, ordinance,
or regulation
§133 (a): Sign Lighting Controls
67
New
Section
68. 68
Lighting Control Acceptance
§134: Lighting Control Acceptance
• Mandates certification of lighting controls before
occupancy permit granted
• Compliance with Part 6 requirements for plans,
specifications, installation certificates, operating and
maintenance info
• Acceptance testing performed on:
– Automatic daylighting controls: §119, §131(c)2D,
– Multi-level Astro: §119 and §131(d)2
– Lighting Controls: §131(a)-(c), (e), (f) and §146(a)2D
– Automatic Lighting Controls: §119 and §131(d)
– Occupancy Sensors: §119 and §131(d)
– Outdoor Lighting Controls: §119 and §132
69. 69
Title 24 Resources
• http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24
– Energy Efficiency Standards
– Compliance Manual
• Hotline: 800-772-3300