This project aims to automatically control lights, cooling systems, exhaust fans, and doors in a room based on occupancy detection and environmental conditions. An ESP32 microcontroller is used to control the system based on inputs from ultrasonic entry/exit sensors, an MQ135 gas sensor to detect CO2 levels, a DHT sensor to measure temperature, and relay circuits to power devices. The system counts the number of people entering and leaving to determine occupancy and automatically turns lights and fans on or off accordingly. It also monitors CO2 and temperature to control exhaust fans and cooling to maintain comfortable conditions while minimizing energy usage.

1. AUTOMATIC SMART LIGHTS MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
MAJOR PROJECT
B.TECH ELECTRICAL ENGG.
PRESENTED BY: Guided by:-
1.ANIL KUMAR A.P. JAINEET KAUR
2.RITIK
3.NITISH KUMAR
4.TUSHAR

2. CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. NECESSITY
3. ESTIMATED ENERGY SAVING
4. BLOCK DIAGRAM
5. WORKING
6. COMPONENTS
7. ESP32 micro-controller
8. Entry and Exit sensor circuit
9. IR SENSOR
10. Relay driver circuit
11. Applications ,Advantages and Disadvantage

3. INTRODUCTION
• This project is to make a controller based model to count
number of persons visiting particular two door room and
accordingly light up the room.
• And according to person present in that particular room
this project makes the coolant system automatic these
coolant system maybe fan or A.C. By counting the
temperature of the room and according ON/OFF the
numbers of coolant system the temperature is pre-set
value 25 degree Celsius.
• And this project also makes the exhaust fan automatic by
measuring the CO2 gas inside the room accordingly exhaust
fan will operate.
• And lastly also makes the door automatic too by sensing

4. NECESSITY
• In today’s world, there is a continuous need for
automatic appliances with the increase in standard of
living, there is a sense of urgency for developing
circuits that would ease the complexity of life.
• According to required Power, room uses the power and
save the energy consumption by reducing wastage of
energy.

5. ESTIMATED ENERGY SAVING
• ENERGY SAVING:- T.E = Used energy + wastage.
wastage = reduction saving in energy.
• Estimated saving:- For 6 hours
Let a wash room having;
Total consumption:-
1.Tube Lights = 01 01x20x6=120 watt
3.Exaust Fan = 01 01x54x6 =324 watt
=444 watt

6. ESTIMATED ENERGY SAVING
• SAVINGs:-
1.Tube :- 01 tube Light only operate for 08 hours
20-8= 9 remain off then
saving= 9x20x.5 = 90 watt.
2.Fan:- 8 fan only operate for ½ hour
14-8= 6 remain off then
saving= 6x60x.5 = 90 watt.
3.Exhaust Fan:- (a) 3 exhaust fan only operate for 1/4 hour
5-3=2 remain off then
saving=2x54x.25 = 27 watt
(b) exhaust fan will not be operate on average 1.5 hour
saving = 5x54x1.5 = 405 watt
TOTAL SAVINGS = 90+180+27+405 = 702 watt
Percentage of saving of energy = 7.6 %

7. BLOCK DIAGRAM

8. WORKING
• When somebody enters into the room ultrasonic sensor
detect person and servomotor open the door and when
person leaves the room then servomotor closed the
door. Simultaneously microcontroller counts the person
entering and exiting from the room.
• As no. Of seats getting full accordingly coolant (Fan or
cooler) starts.
• And the coolant also follows the pre-set temperature
value, while this value of temperature exceed coolant
will automatically start.
• Inside the room there is a CO2 gas measurement sensor
which count the CO2 level of the room, when set value
exceeds then exhaust fan will automatically starts and
decrease in the level of CO2 gas will leads to
automatically off the exhaust fan.

9. MAJOR COMPONENTS
1.)ESP32 microcontroller
2.)Entry and exit sensors (Ultrasonic sensor)
3.)MQ135 Gas Sensor
4.)DHT sensor
5.)Relays Driver

10. ESP32 MICRO-CONTROLLER
• Its use in our project
It will control all operations of the components according to need.
• Robust Design
ESP32 is capable of functioning reliably in industrial environments, with an operating
temperature ranging from –40°C to +125°C. Powered by advanced calibration circuitries,
ESP32 can dynamically remove external circuit imperfections and adapt to changes in
external conditions.
• Ultra-Low Power Consumption
Engineered for mobile devices, wearable electronics and IoT applications, ESP32 achieves
ultra-low power consumption with a combination of several types of proprietary software.
ESP32 also includes state-of-the-art features, such as fine-grained clock gating, various
power modes and dynamic power scaling.
• High Level of Integration
ESP32 is highly-integrated with in-built antenna switches, RF balun, power amplifier, low-
noise receive amplifier, filters, and power management modules. ESP32 adds priceless
functionality and versatility to your applications with minimal Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
requirements.
• Hybrid Wi-Fi & Bluetooth Chip
ESP32 can perform as a complete standalone system or as a slave device to a host MCU,
reducing communication stack overhead on the main application processor. ESP32 can
interface with other systems to provide Wi-Fi and Bluetooth functionality through its SPI /
SDIO or I2C / UART interfaces.

11. ENTRY AND EXIT SENSOR CIRCUIT
• The main intention of this block is to sense the person.
• For sensing the person entering or leaving the room,
we are using two Ultrasonic Sensors.
• By using this sensor and its related circuit diagram we
can count the persons. And System will evaluate the
increment or decrement in the number of persons.

12. MQ135 GAS SENSOR
• In today’s world, we encounter different scenario where we
see different gasses being emitted in atmosphere such as
home appliances like air conditioner and industrial chimneys.
Monitoring of these gasses is very important with safety point
of view. Gas Sensors are very helpful in accomplishing this
task. Small nose like sensor spontaneously respond to the
alteration of gas concentration and keep our systems updated
for special tasks.
• The gas sensor module consists of a steel exoskeleton under
which a sensing element is housed. This sensing element is
subjected to current through connecting leads. This current is
known as heating current through it, the gases coming close
to the sensing element get ionized and are absorbed by the
sensing element. This changes the resistance of the sensing
element which alters the value of the current going out of
it.The MQ135 air quality sensor module operates at 2.5 to 5V
and consumes around 150mA. It requires some pre-heating
before it could actually give accurate results.
• It will sense the gases like CO2 and send the signals to the

13. DHT SENSOR
• The DHT-11 Digital Temperature And Humidity Sensor
is a basic, ultra low-cost digital temperature and
humidity sensor. It uses a capacitive humidity sensor
and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air and
spits out a digital signal on the data pin.
• This sensor can be easily interfaced with any micro-
controller such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi etc. to
measure humidity and temperature instantaneously.
• It will sense the temperature of the room and give the
signals to the Controller. So controller can easily
compared the values and operates the other devices.

14. RELAY DRIVER CIRCUIT
• Potential to drive the various controlled devices.
• transistor and the relays are used in this circuit.
• Relay drivers, we are using to control the light,
Exhaust Fan , Fan or Coolers, and Servo motors.
• Output signal from ESP32 is given to the base of the
transistor, which we are further energizing the
particular relay.
• Because of this appropriate device is selected.

15. Application
• For counting purposes
• For automatic room light control
• For automatic temperature control
• For automatic unwanted gas control
• Use on crowded places.
Advantages
• Low cost
• Easy to use
• Can Implement in single door too by doing some
modificatins.
Disadvantages
• It is used only when one single person cuts the rays of the
sensor hence it cannot be used when two person cross

16. Future Improvement
• By using this circuit and proper power supply we
can implement this at public areas like bus
stand waiting rooms, railways stations waiting
rooms etc.
And save the energy wastage.
• We can upgrade this system and control this via
online through Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.

17. THANK YOU