Overly complex and fully automatic control systems in high performance commercial buildings often lead to a disconnect in design intent and realizing net zero in actual operations. To address this disconnect, we have developed a high performance building control concept that simplifies control and engages occupants in reaching net zero operations. This slide deck reviews the details of this concept as applied in our own net zero projects at NREL, and proposes additional Occupant Engaged control concepts.
PowerOnt: an ontology-based approach for power consumption estimation in Smar...Luigi De Russis
Presentation given at the 1st Cognitive Internet of Things Technologies (COIOTE 2014)
October 27, 2014, Rome, Italy
The paper is available on the PORTO open access repositor of Politecnico di Torino: http://porto.polito.it/2570936/
PowerOnt: an ontology-based approach for power consumption estimation in Smar...Luigi De Russis
Presentation given at the 1st Cognitive Internet of Things Technologies (COIOTE 2014)
October 27, 2014, Rome, Italy
The paper is available on the PORTO open access repositor of Politecnico di Torino: http://porto.polito.it/2570936/
Every house has energy meter installed, however there is no mechanism or technology available for a programmable system which monitors and controls the energy usage pattern/trend for a house/building. Therefore, a smart energy management system which would enable the user to pre-program switching ON/OFF of electrical lamps and appliances based on user’s requirement on daily/weekly/seasonal basis. A predictive feature in terms of energy-economy saving may also be added.
Smart buildings powerpoint, the future of sustainability. Building services PatricNgotho
A presentation on the building services of Smart buildings.
Sustainability, technology, building services all in harmony to achieve an intelligent, sustainable and smart future.
Learn how to really save energy in your business. Energy savings start with your employees. Change their behaviour and you should start to see a reduction in your energy costs.
A Smart Landfill Gas Control System Design to Optimize ROI & PerformanceAffinity Energy
Landfill gas operators with many pieces of equipment understand it’s challenging to have complete visibility and ensure maximum uptime. Learn how to design your plant control system for maximum ROI by utilizing a scalable and comprehensive SCADA system, and specifying the right data points for real-time and historical analysis.
By analyzing data and properly configuring alarms and alerts, owners can properly prioritize maintenance, optimize operations, and proactively identify potential problems to ultimately exceed expected plant performance.
By viewing the SCADA system as an information system, Affinity Energy can provide owners and operators with the tools to achieve a higher rate of return on their automation investment.
Learn more http://affinityenergy.com
Discover how smart panels and power controllers are revolutionizing elevator lighting, optimizing energy usage, and enhancing user experience in modern buildings with programmable power supply for LED light panel in India.
Embedded system projects for final year BangaloreAidell2583
Final Year Engineering Projects For ECE in Bangalore. Embedded Innovation Lab is the right place for best real time final year engineering projects. EIL is not a training institute its a embedded company.You can learn new ideas and insdustrial working experience. BE/B.Tech student projects in bangalore,mechanical final year project in bangalore
EPCS's street lighting solution gives you the capability to remote monitor, and control street lights, in a fail-proof way. The solution has Internet connectivity in order to upload data to cloud application, to enable remote monitoring. The data can be accessed from smart phones as well. The solution allows you to schedule the different operations of light, according to time of day. This helps in minimizing human interference with daily operations. The solution maintains historical data in order to help you make informed business decisions based on consumption patterns.
Automated Lit-Green LED Street Light Solution
Key benefits
• Control street lights at feeder level or individual level.
• Reduce your electricity bill by up to 30%.
• No additional cost of wiring.
• Find faulty lights.
• Schedule feature for ON / OFF / DIM.
• Measure the electricity consumption and associated theft / faults.
• ON / OFF control for
o Single lighting panels
o Multiple fixture panels
• Centralized monitoring and control of lights.
• Integration with existing SAP / ERP system.
• Customized solutions are available as per requirement from design to delivery for OEMs.
Automated street lighting solution (feeder level automation)
Key benefits
• Control multiple street lights from single feeder for either single or multiple phases.
• Timely ON / OFF schedule that can be monitored and changed via SMS.
• Get alerts in case of theft / fault in the lights.
• Reduce your electricity bill by up to 30%.
• Centralized monitoring and control of lights with reporting.
• Get current readings and device fault details on SMS.
• Get detailed electricity consumption reports.
• Specially tailored solutions to match your requirements, from design to delivery for OEMs.
Application areas
• Street lighting
• IT campus lighting
• Parks
• Townships
• Bridges and tunnels
• Hazardous locations
• Industrial lighting
• Mines
• Pathway / Roadway
• Warehouse / Parking Lot
Every house has energy meter installed, however there is no mechanism or technology available for a programmable system which monitors and controls the energy usage pattern/trend for a house/building. Therefore, a smart energy management system which would enable the user to pre-program switching ON/OFF of electrical lamps and appliances based on user’s requirement on daily/weekly/seasonal basis. A predictive feature in terms of energy-economy saving may also be added.
Smart buildings powerpoint, the future of sustainability. Building services PatricNgotho
A presentation on the building services of Smart buildings.
Sustainability, technology, building services all in harmony to achieve an intelligent, sustainable and smart future.
Learn how to really save energy in your business. Energy savings start with your employees. Change their behaviour and you should start to see a reduction in your energy costs.
A Smart Landfill Gas Control System Design to Optimize ROI & PerformanceAffinity Energy
Landfill gas operators with many pieces of equipment understand it’s challenging to have complete visibility and ensure maximum uptime. Learn how to design your plant control system for maximum ROI by utilizing a scalable and comprehensive SCADA system, and specifying the right data points for real-time and historical analysis.
By analyzing data and properly configuring alarms and alerts, owners can properly prioritize maintenance, optimize operations, and proactively identify potential problems to ultimately exceed expected plant performance.
By viewing the SCADA system as an information system, Affinity Energy can provide owners and operators with the tools to achieve a higher rate of return on their automation investment.
Learn more http://affinityenergy.com
Discover how smart panels and power controllers are revolutionizing elevator lighting, optimizing energy usage, and enhancing user experience in modern buildings with programmable power supply for LED light panel in India.
Embedded system projects for final year BangaloreAidell2583
Final Year Engineering Projects For ECE in Bangalore. Embedded Innovation Lab is the right place for best real time final year engineering projects. EIL is not a training institute its a embedded company.You can learn new ideas and insdustrial working experience. BE/B.Tech student projects in bangalore,mechanical final year project in bangalore
EPCS's street lighting solution gives you the capability to remote monitor, and control street lights, in a fail-proof way. The solution has Internet connectivity in order to upload data to cloud application, to enable remote monitoring. The data can be accessed from smart phones as well. The solution allows you to schedule the different operations of light, according to time of day. This helps in minimizing human interference with daily operations. The solution maintains historical data in order to help you make informed business decisions based on consumption patterns.
Automated Lit-Green LED Street Light Solution
Key benefits
• Control street lights at feeder level or individual level.
• Reduce your electricity bill by up to 30%.
• No additional cost of wiring.
• Find faulty lights.
• Schedule feature for ON / OFF / DIM.
• Measure the electricity consumption and associated theft / faults.
• ON / OFF control for
o Single lighting panels
o Multiple fixture panels
• Centralized monitoring and control of lights.
• Integration with existing SAP / ERP system.
• Customized solutions are available as per requirement from design to delivery for OEMs.
Automated street lighting solution (feeder level automation)
Key benefits
• Control multiple street lights from single feeder for either single or multiple phases.
• Timely ON / OFF schedule that can be monitored and changed via SMS.
• Get alerts in case of theft / fault in the lights.
• Reduce your electricity bill by up to 30%.
• Centralized monitoring and control of lights with reporting.
• Get current readings and device fault details on SMS.
• Get detailed electricity consumption reports.
• Specially tailored solutions to match your requirements, from design to delivery for OEMs.
Application areas
• Street lighting
• IT campus lighting
• Parks
• Townships
• Bridges and tunnels
• Hazardous locations
• Industrial lighting
• Mines
• Pathway / Roadway
• Warehouse / Parking Lot
Similar to Occupant Engaged - A ZEB control concept for engaging occupants (20)
Integrating Energy Efficiency into the Emerging Off-site modular Construction...Shanti Pless
As the emerging off-site modular sector continues to expand, we are seeking to embed energy efficiency and grid-interactive building concepts into the factory design, construction and assembly process. We see a big opportunity to meet the challenges of affordability and low energy costs in the multifamily sector through the integration of high performance building strategies into the advanced building manufacturing industry.
Zero Energy Commercial Buildings: Research For the Next GenerationShanti Pless
Zero Energy Buildings Research overview presented at Symposium on Zero Net Energy Buildings and Beyond: Balancing Building and Grid Objectives
co-sponsored by the ASHRAE Golden Gate Chapter, the Center for the Built Environment, and PG&E. at the PG&E Pacific Energy Center in San Francisco, CA.
October 25, 2017
Research Support Facility: Three years of net zero operations, occupants, and...Shanti Pless
October 8th, 2015 Center for the Built Environment Industry Advisory Board Keynote on our efforts to deliver long term net zero energy performance at NREL
Our vision for what next generation net zero commercial buildings can do to realize 100% renewables, enhance grid-friendliness, and provide additional resiliency
Plug Load Efficiency for Zero Energy Buildings Webinar 1 29 2013Shanti Pless
Plug loads represent a growing opportunity for efficiency, especially in Zero Energy Buildings where these loads represent a growing percent of the total load. This webinar addresses strategies for plug load efficiency in NREL's net zero RSF.
NREL Commercial Buildings Research Group, ASHRAE June 2013 Research Keynote Shanti Pless
A review of our 3 sections in the Commercial Buildings Research Group from my ASHRAE Summer 2013 Keynote. http://www.nrel.gov/buildings/commercial.html
Mainstreaming Zero: Large Scale Commercial Net Zero Energy Buildings, AGC 2013Shanti Pless
My keynote on the growing large scale net zero energy building industry, with details from our net zero projects at NREL: http://news.agc.org/2013/10/30/the-agc-building-contractors-conference-shares-innovative-ways-to-increase-your-firms-productivity/. Thanks to Tom Hootman at RNL/MKK for some of the slides and great images!
A review of the 50% Advanced Energy Design Guides, including guide content, modeling process, and savings results. Slides from ACEEE 2012, panel 3, presentation for paper 389: http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/55470.pdf.
Advanced Energy Design and Retrofit Guides Summary from the 2013 DOE BTO Peer...Shanti Pless
Our peer review slides from the 2013 DOE BTO Peer Review: http://energy.gov/eere/buildings/downloads/2013-building-technologies-office-program-peer-review-report.
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CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdf
Occupant Engaged - A ZEB control concept for engaging occupants
1. A High Performance Building
Control Concept for Engaging
Occupants as Users of Efficiency
Controls
Shanti Pless, Jen Scheib, Paul Torcellini: NREL
Tom Hootman: MKK Engineers
October 2014
2. Occupant Engaged: A High Performance
Building Control Concept for Engaging
Occupants as Users of Efficiency Controls
Shanti Pless, Jen Scheib, Paul Torcellini, NREL
• As was recently highlighted in recent Pathways to ZNE Buildings in California,
understanding occupant interactions with high performance building controls can
lead to further energy savings opportunities. In general, the building controls
industry has trended toward more automation for energy savings, resulting in
complex systems that have removed occupants from engaging in better controls.
In this paper, we propose a solution for a simpler controls philosophy that engages
occupants, which can help lead to lower energy use and more satisfied users. This
control concept, which we have coined Occupant Engaged, is based on the idea
that control systems can be designed and operated to require occupant
engagement to take a system from the off to occupied state. And then the
system’s automation will turn off or go to unoccupied state if the occupant
“forgets” to turn off the system. This paper documents specific lighting control,
plug load controls, glare controls, and HVAC control implementation successes of
the Occupant Engaged controls. In one case, savings from Occupant Engaged
lighting controls in a partially daylit break room saved 70% in lighting energy use as
compared to a typical occupancy sensor fully automatic lighting control system. In
general, we have found occupants will engage with their systems, and energy
savings from these simpler controls are greater than fully automatic controls.
7. Automation vs. Manual Control
• “In part due to the unpredictability of user behavior,
the building industry overall has embraced automation
as a means of reducing energy waste
• However, development and evaluation of automation
has not adequately accounted for building users’ desire
for control or the potential energy savings from manual
versus automated control
• Better integrating the human dimension in designing
and selecting automation can help lead to lower
energy use as well as more satisfied users”
Road to ZNE: Mapping Pathways to ZNE Buildings in California.
Heschong Mahone Group, Inc.
8.
9. People in Buildings…
• “will adapt the building, systems, controls and features
to their needs and wants. This is not to say that they
will adversely affect the carefully crafted building and
system designs, but they will make things work for
them if they can.
• can and do adapt to new designs and learn how to use
buildings”
“Therefore, strategies for supporting occupants on how to
maximize their building’s energy efficiency attributes
should be developed”
Road to ZNE: Mapping Pathways to ZNE Buildings in California.
Heschong Mahone Group, Inc.
10. CABA Zero Net Energy Building Controls
Occupants are Operators
but Default Settings Need
to be the Backup. Provide
occupants with energy use
engagement and control
access with a ‘hybrid’
system that returns
controls to default settings
and “Off”.
http://www.caba.org/CABA/Research/Zero-Net-Energy-
Buildings.aspx
11. A Solution: Occupant Engaged
• A control philosophy for engaging occupants in high
performance buildings operations as active users
• Requires occupant engagement to take a system from
off to occupied state
– Default mode is maximum efficiency mode
• off or setback
– No automatic ON
– Occupant engages control to turn on if service needed
• Intelligence to turn off or go to unoccupied state if occupant
“forgets” to turn off
– MUST have simple local occupant engagement interface
• On/off switches the best
12. Occupant Engaged:
Current Applications at NREL
• Vacancy Sensors for Lighting
– Manual ON, manual OFF, with automatic dim and OFF
when vacancy sensed
• Timer-OFF controls for plug loads with manual ON
• Local glare control
– Local manual tint of electrochromics, manual clear with
automatic timed clear
• Operable Windows for Natural Ventilation
• Local USB powered desktop fan
– Turns off when computer goes to sleep
13. Occupant Engaged:
Applications in Development or Proposed
• Shades with Occupant Engaged controls
• HVAC Occupant Enabled
– Local ventilation
– Local heating/cooling
• Real time Personal Energy Efficiency Feedback
System
• Vacancy sensor LED task lights
• USB desktop hub with vacancy sensor
14. Occupant Engaged Development at
NREL
• Started with large scale vacancy sensors
application in all daylit spaces in RSF
– Most successful in enclosed offices, conference
rooms, and intermittently occupied daylit zones
such as corridors and break rooms
– Vacancy sensors in daylit break rooms resulted in
70% energy savings over a occupancy sensor
• Measured savings by logging occupancy and lighting
energy use
– Similar to current 90.1 and Title 24 Vacancy
Sensor lighting control requirements
15. Occupant Engaged Development at
NREL
• Next application is plug loads
– Has become the standard for office space in 2013
• Electrochromics in ESIF
– Local zone control for south windows
In general, we find that occupants will engage when they
are given the chance and really need the service…
– But are often indifferent and don’t really need it as much
as we thought
• Occupants turn on open office lights when daylighting is providing
less than 10 fc
Expanded comfort savings are realized in temperature,
local air movement, light levels, and glare control when
occupants have local control over these conditions
16. – Lighting control in conference rooms
• First press of ON button in partially daylit conference
rooms with native dimming capability should bring
lights on to a dimmed state (35%)
• User has to hold dim UP button to get full lighting
output if they really want it…
• Vacancy automatically shuts off after space becomes unoccupied
– We see this as a promising application for open
office Personal Lighting Systems as well
Additional examples in Use- Lighting
17.
18.
19.
20.
21. • Occupant Engaged Task Light
– integral vacancy sensor to turn off if not turned off
manually
• Not an occupancy sensor task light!
– USB powered to match DC power supply with DC load?
Does not yet exist…can we invent this?
Future development needs- Lighting
22.
23. • Manual on button for power strip with manual
off and timer off after 10 or 11 hours
• Controls task light and other office space loads
afterhours
• Tie as many loads to USB ports that turn off when
computer goes into automatic sleep mode
• Task lights (does a desktop USB powered task light exist?)
• USB fans
• Chargers
• Monitors
• USB hub with vacancy sensor
• Invent this too…
Examples in Use- Plug Loads
26. – Glare control with Electrochromics
• Manual window tint switch for local
zones, with automatic timer clear after
2 hours
– Glare control with shades – in
development
• Manual roller shades down, with
manual up and with an automatic up
timer for 4 hours (or very slow
automatic raise over 4 hours)
– Need to develop this…
Examples in Use
27.
28.
29. HVAC Applications
• USB powered desk top fans
– Controlled with USB power in laptops
• Building goes into “Passive” mode
– Requires occupants to open windows/turn on local fans/air to
meet local comfort
• Other possible control systems
– Lab air with manual occupied switch
– Turn off HVAC when OA conditions are ok for natural ventilation
– Local/Personal HVAC control system for personal heat pump
• Similar to car climate control for an office space – invent this too
30.
31. OE Natural Ventilation with Windows?
• Manual Open window
• Manual Close window
– Easy to forget, even for the most educated
occupants
• Automatic close window
– To be developed…similar to automatic window
closers
– Push out charges battery with regen motor
• Small PV panel to provide additional battery capacity
– OR- Push out wind-up mechanical spring slowly
pulls window back
– window to close after 4 hours of open
• Adjustable timer
– No wiring and simple, but assures manual
windows close at night
32. Occupant Education?
MUST have simple occupant engagement controls!
• You have light switches- you can use them
• If you open a window – close it
• If you are stuffy- open your window
• If you have a local glare issue, pull your shade
• Turn on your power strip in the morning
• Opt-out of efficiency default mode into occupied/energy use mode
• Occupants have to and will “figure it out”
• “Hassle Factor” of controls for efficiency gains
– We would watch the same channel on TV all the time if we didn’t have
a remote control…
– Actual office lighting levels measured before occupants engage to turn
on open office ambient lights are 10 FC and below
33.
34. Feedback of Occupant Engaged
Controls
• Blink warn when timer is up
• Occ sensor will turn lights back on for 10
seconds after vacancy is detected
– Operates as an Occ sensor to account for false off
– After 10 sec, manual on is required
• Returns to Vacancy sensor
35. Occupants need better feedback
– Building owners and operators lack a fundamental
active element when managing the efficient,
sustained operation of their buildings: the Occupant
– NREL has installed outlet-level plug load metering
equipment at the workstations of 200 employees
– Data from these plug load meters can be used to:
• Inform ESIF occupants of their personal energy efficiency
performance
• Incentivize energy saving behavior (leveraging the NREL
Building Agent app)
37. Occupants Engaged with Real-time Personal
Efficiency Score
Missing Link:
Provide Feedback
to Occupants
Technologies Deployed in the ESIF
• Feed data from plug load
meters into the
Building Agent App
• Provide occupants with data
to inform competitions and
incentivize good behavior
• Incentives could include:
• An “Energy Saver of the
Month” parking space
• “Group Energy Saver of
the Month” ice cream
social
• Gift cards
38. Technical Description of Proposed Work:
Mock Up of Occupant Feedback
Occupants could be shown how they compare to their anonymous neighbors
39. Technical Description of Proposed Work:
Mock Up of Occupant Feedback Continued
Occupants could be shown their real-time (and historical) energy consumption with
simple visualizations. Performance will be linked to energy saving tips.
40.
41. The Building Agent
app enables
occupants to
quantify and
communicate their
comfort levels to
the building.
42. Future Work with OE
• Continue development of OE Task light
• Continue development of OE Window shade
• Continue development of OE Personal
heating/cooling solutions
• Continue development of OE USB power hub
• Continue development of OE window return
• Identify development partners to bring OE
products to market for future ZEB projects!
43. References:
• California Net Zero Roadmap
– http://www.energydataweb.com/cpucFiles/pdaDocs/899/Road
%20to%20ZNE%20FINAL%20Report_withAppendices.pdf
• Henze, G. P.; Pless, S.; Petersen, A.; Long, N.; Scambos, A.
T. (2014). Control Limits for Building Energy End Use Based
on Engineering Judgment, Frequency Analysis, and Quantile
Regression. 92 pp.; NREL Report No. TP-5500-60020.
http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60020.pdf
• http://www.nrel.gov/continuum/energy_integration/living_
laboratory.cfm
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036013
2314003564
Editor's Notes
Section 7: Discuss results and data from post-occupancy comfort survey.
Demonstrate how dense submetering applications can be used to identify and address unnecessary energy consumption in office buildings
We have all these enmetric strips in the ESIF and we have all this data
Now how to we incentivize good behavior?
Data analysis: how do you tell if people are behaving well?
What do you to with this information to motivate people?