Multi Component Reactions (MCR) is an important topic in organic chemistry come under the heading Green Chemistry.
MCRs are very useful for preparation of desire molecule in medicinal chemistry.
water can be consider as a potentially green solvent.it is safest & least expensive solvent. organic reaction in aqueous medium.like deals alder reaction,pinacol coupling.
catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis,
types of catalysis; difference between homo and hetero catalysis;
heterogeneous catalysis; preparation, characterization, supported catalysts, deactivation and regeneration of catalysts, example of drug synthesis
Multi Component Reactions (MCR) is an important topic in organic chemistry come under the heading Green Chemistry.
MCRs are very useful for preparation of desire molecule in medicinal chemistry.
water can be consider as a potentially green solvent.it is safest & least expensive solvent. organic reaction in aqueous medium.like deals alder reaction,pinacol coupling.
catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis,
types of catalysis; difference between homo and hetero catalysis;
heterogeneous catalysis; preparation, characterization, supported catalysts, deactivation and regeneration of catalysts, example of drug synthesis
This is a lesson plan that can be implemented in class room to teach Organic Chemistry in Class XII of CBSE Board. The topic being discussed is "Distiction of Compounds"
The most important pairs has been selected to be discussed in the class room. The pairs are
1. Aldehydes and Ketones
2. Primary , secondary and tertiary alcohols
3.Alcohol and phenol
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Chemo bio synthesis of silver nanoparticlesJagpreet Singh
Silver nanoparticles have a lot of ways of synthesis like physical and chemical
methods; some of these methods use a lot of chemical substances and are
very hazardous for humans and environment, so a novel, great, environmental
friendly, cheap and easy to use world of green chemistry has been used. A
number of characterization techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier
transformation infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction study and scanning
electron microscopy revealed that silver nanoparticles have been used. Thus
the different response of the functional groups and the difference in the peaks
and UV-visible data was studied and then compared to understand and know
the way these different reducing agents react to the same starting material. The
green synthesis had a UV-visible peak at 446 nm while the one with chemical
synthesis had a peak at 395 nm. FTIR results of silver nanoparticles synthesis
by trisodium citrate (TSC) showed a peak at 1505 cm-1 which shows that the
compound has a stretching of the -C=C – bond. In another case, which was done
by using Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) a peak at 1695 cm-1 showed a –C=O- bond
indicating stretching and a weak absorption intensity. Another peak was present
which indicates a –O-H bond formation and presence which is a strong bond are
found to exist. A notable peak came for synthesis by orange peel at 1517 cm-1
which represents a –C=C- bond stretching as in aromatic compounds. Another
peak at 1732 cm-1 indicates the –C=O- bond. The XRD results on one of the
silver sample prepared by green methods showed silver nanomaterials formed
which had a average particle size of around 42 nm. FE-SEM results revealed that
silver nanomaterials were formed and had a flake like appearance in one of the
results. All the overall comparison showed that different modes of synthesis
of silver nanomaterials and different reducing agents give same materials but
with different peaks and intensities. All this data provided knowledge about the
fact that an alternative method can be used to create new nanoparticles if one
of the previously considered to tried method fails thus helping in extending the
broadways for research.
Here we have discussed about the separation of binary organic mixtures and identification of the functional groups and preparation of solid derivatives.
carboxylic acid is an organic compound containing that contains a (-COOH) as the functional group. The carboxyl group, consists of a carbonyl group attached to a hydroxyl group, hence its name carboxyl.
General formula :- RCOOH
Carboxylic acids may be aliphatic , aromatic , unsaturated etc. Some may be contain more than one carboxyl group (dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids).
Some Properties of carboxylic acids:-
Carboxylic acids are acidic in nature as the name suggest. They have a tendency to donate a proton (H+) . However they are weak acids as compared to mineral acids/ inorganic acids.Being acidic they will turn blue litmus red. This property can be used to differentiate between acidic and basic substance.
Smell :- First three aliphatic acids C1-C3 are colourless and have pungent smell. The next three acids are colourless and has unpleasant smell.
Solubility :- They are soluble in organic solvents. They are also soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding. As mass increases, the solubility decreases.
Test for carboxylic acids
Litmus test
Sodium bicarbonate test
Fluorescein test
Ester test
Related questions
This is an effort to makemodule and lesson plan for delivering lecture on class room. The unit covered is surface chemistry of class XII Chemistry subject.
Hybridization is the idea that atomic orbitals fuse to form newly hybridized orbitals, which in turn, influences molecular geometry and bonding properties. Hybridization is also an expansion of the valence bond theory.
The rate of a reaction, average and instantaneous rate of reaction,order and molecularity of reaction, determination of Oder and molecularity, the integrated rate law of reaction, deferential rate law of reaction, zero order, first order and second order reaction, numerical for practice
This is lesson plan for teaching Organic Chemistry Class XII of CBSE syllabus. Topic distnction of -Aldehydes and ketones , primary s ceobdary and tertiary alcohols, alcohol & phenol
Lesson Plan for Calss XII Chemistry of NCERT Lesson CBSE This lesson plan covers Nucleophilic substitution reaction, SN1 and SN2 reaction,Factors affecting nucleophilic substitution reaction, sterric hindrance,
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
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Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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Lesson plan Class XI Chemistry CBSE Topic Lassaigne's Test
1. LESSON PLAN
NAME OF TEACHER: A.K.GUPTA
SUBJECT: Chemistry
UNIT: 12-Organic Chemistry –Some Basic Principles & Techniques
TOPIC: Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compound
SUBTOPIC: Test of Elements present in Organic compounds
COMPETENCY DESIRED : at the end of this subtopic the pupil should be able to write the reactions involved
in the qualitative analysis of organic compounds.
INTRODUCTION TO THE LESSON:
Qualitative Analysis of Orgnic Compound—> is to determine what elements are present in the organic
compound
USE OF TLM & TEACHING METHODOLOGY:
Demonstration
Power point CD
Use of different methods to match different purposes and outcomes-informing, describing,
explaining, watching, questioning,
Worksheet- for Peer & Self assessment– to explore misconception, to provide immediate support in
the class room
CONTENT:
The detection of various elements present in an organic compound is called qualitative analysis.
Carbon and hydrogen are present in almost all the organic compounds. Other commonly present
elements in organic compounds are oxygen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur and sometimes
phosphorus.
Detection of Carbon and Hydrogen
Principle
1
DATE:27/01/2014 CLASS:XIC PERIOD:3rd DURATION:40
Minutes
2. Nitrogen, sulphur and halogens in any organic compound are detected by
'Lassaigne's test'.
Theory
Elements like nitrogen, sulphur and halogens are bonded covalently in the organic compounds. In
order to detect them, these have to be converted into their ionic forms. This is done by fusing the
organic compound with sodium metal.
Preparation of Lassaigne's Extract (or Sodium Extract)
A small piece of sodium is heated gently in an ignition tube till the sodium melts. Small quantity of
the organic compound is added to this and the tube heated strongly for 2-3 minutes to fuse the
material inside it. After cooling, the tube is carefully broken in a china dish containing about 20 to
30 mL of distilled water. The fused material along with the pieces of ignition tube is crushed with
the help of a glass rod and the contents of the china dish are boiled for a few minutes.
Reactions
(NaSCN) is formed during fusion, which in the presence of excess sodium forms sodium cyanide
and sodium sulphide.
Detection of nitrogen
Sodium extract + freshly prepared solution of ferrous sulphate + boiled + acidify with dilute
sulphuric acid appearance of prussian blue colouration confirms the presence of N in the given
organic compound.
When nitrogen and sulphur both are present - sodium thiocyanate is formed during fusion.
Which gives 'blood red coloration' with ferric ions due to the formation of ferric thiocyanate.
Detection of sulphur
Sodium extract + acetic acid + lead acetate solution A black precipitate of lead sulphide
indicates the presence of sulphur.
2
3. Sodium nitroprusside test
Sodium extract + 2 to 3 drops of sodium nitroprusside A violet color indicates the presence of
sulphur.
Teacher’s
Signature
3