Distribution Law
What is Distribution law?
Immiscible liquids
Explanation
APPLICATION OF DISTRIBUTION LAW
Limitations of Distribution Law
Contrast and Comparison between separation through Separating funnel and Fractional Distillation
Distribution Law
What is Distribution law?
Immiscible liquids
Explanation
APPLICATION OF DISTRIBUTION LAW
Limitations of Distribution Law
Contrast and Comparison between separation through Separating funnel and Fractional Distillation
Optical Rotation and Polarimeter by Dr. A. AmsavelDr. Amsavel A
Isomers and enantiomers
Specific Optical Rotation
Polarimeter
Instrumentation and Operation
Factors affect the Optical Rotation
Calibration
Application Specifically Pharmaceutical Industries
Introduction
Definition
History
Types of chromatography
Principle of column chromatography
Types of column chromatography
Process of column chromatography
Requirement
Procedure
Precautions
Applications
Advantage of Column chromatography
Disadvantage of Column chromatography
Conclusion
References
What is Gravimetric analysis, stepes invloved in gravimetry, Filteration medium in gravimetry, gravimetric factor, application, organic and inorganic prepecating agents
Classification of dispersed systems & their general characteristics, size & shapes of colloidal particles, classification of colloids & comparative account of their general properties. Optical, kinetic & electrical properties. Effect of electrolytes, coacervation, peptization& protective action.
Recrystallization is the most convenient method for purifying organic compounds that are solids at room temperature.
Compounds obtained from natural sources, or from reaction mixtures, almost always contain impurities.
The impurities may include some combination of insoluble, soluble, and colored impurities. To obtain a pure compound these impurities must be removed.
Each type of impurity is removed in a separate step in the recrystallization procedure.
Optical Rotation and Polarimeter by Dr. A. AmsavelDr. Amsavel A
Isomers and enantiomers
Specific Optical Rotation
Polarimeter
Instrumentation and Operation
Factors affect the Optical Rotation
Calibration
Application Specifically Pharmaceutical Industries
Introduction
Definition
History
Types of chromatography
Principle of column chromatography
Types of column chromatography
Process of column chromatography
Requirement
Procedure
Precautions
Applications
Advantage of Column chromatography
Disadvantage of Column chromatography
Conclusion
References
What is Gravimetric analysis, stepes invloved in gravimetry, Filteration medium in gravimetry, gravimetric factor, application, organic and inorganic prepecating agents
Classification of dispersed systems & their general characteristics, size & shapes of colloidal particles, classification of colloids & comparative account of their general properties. Optical, kinetic & electrical properties. Effect of electrolytes, coacervation, peptization& protective action.
Recrystallization is the most convenient method for purifying organic compounds that are solids at room temperature.
Compounds obtained from natural sources, or from reaction mixtures, almost always contain impurities.
The impurities may include some combination of insoluble, soluble, and colored impurities. To obtain a pure compound these impurities must be removed.
Each type of impurity is removed in a separate step in the recrystallization procedure.
Rinse out the 250 mL flasks that you used to dilute the concentrated acid and base solutions. Weigh out 0.7 to 0.9 g of KHP (pictured below) into a 250 mL flask and dissolve it in 50 mL of distilled water. Add three drops of the phenolphthalein indicator in the flask (see below). Then place the flask under the base buret and start the titration
RELATIVE RATES OF COMPETING REACTIONS
Chemical behavior is a matter of relative rates of competing reactions.
The competing reaction which occurs the fastest, predominates (makes more product than the other competing reactions).
The predominate reaction is usually the reaction which was the easiest mechanism
STRUCTURE: The Functional Group
The atom or group of atoms that defines the structure of a particular family of organic compounds and, at the same time, determines their properties is called the functional
Grignard_Organic chemistry laboratory_2 part labadharshraghavan
Detailed procedure for 2nd year undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory on preparation of a Grignard reagent and subsequent reaction with methylbenzoate to form triphenylmethanol.
CHEM 2423 Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid Dr. Pahlavan
1
EXPERIMENT 4 - Purification - Recrystallization of Benzoic acid
Purpose:
a) To purify samples of organic compounds that are solids at room temperature
b) To dissociate the impure sample in the minimum amount of an appropriate hot solvent
Equipment / Materials:
hot plate 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask ice stirring rod spatula
Büchner funnel impure benzoic acid weighing paper digital scales
rubber tubing (hose) benzoic acid boiling stones (chips) filter paper
25 mL graguated cylinder 50 mL beaker Mel-temp apparatus
Discussion:
The products of chemical reactions can be impure. Purification of your products must be performed to remove
by-products and impurities. Liquids are customarily purified by distillation, while solids are purified by
recrystallization (sometimes called simply "crystallization").
Recrystallization is a method of purifying a solid. There are two types of impurities: those more soluble in a
given solvent than the main component and those less soluble. (If there are any impurities that have the same
solubility as the main component, then a different solvent needs to be chosen.)
When organic substances are synthesized in the laboratory or isolated from plants, they will obviously contain
impurities. Several techniques for purifying these compounds have been developed. The most basic of these
techniques for the purification of organic solids is recrystallization, which relies on the different solubilities of
solutes in a solvent. Compounds, which are less soluble, will crystallize first. The crystallization process itself
helps in the purification because as the crystals form, they select the correct molecules, which fit into the crystal
lattice and ignore the wrong molecules. This is of course not a perfect process, but it does increase the purity of
the final product.
The solubility of the compound in the solvent used for recrystallization is important. In the ideal case, the
solvent would completely dissolve the compound to be purified at high temperature, usually the boiling point of
the solvent, and the compound would be completely insoluble in that solvent at room temperature or at zero oC.
In addition the impurity either would be completely insoluble in the particular solvent at the high temperature,
or would be very soluble in the solvent at low temperature. In the former case, the impurity could be filtered off
at high temperature, while in the latter case the impurity would completely stay in solution upon cooling. In the
real ...
CHEM 2423 Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid .docxbissacr
CHEM 2423 Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid Dr. Pahlavan
1
EXPERIMENT 4 - Purification - Recrystallization of Benzoic acid
Purpose:
a) To purify samples of organic compounds that are solids at room temperature
b) To dissociate the impure sample in the minimum amount of an appropriate hot solvent
Equipment / Materials:
hot plate 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask ice stirring rod spatula
Büchner funnel impure benzoic acid weighing paper digital scales
rubber tubing (hose) benzoic acid boiling stones (chips) filter paper
25 mL graguated cylinder 50 mL beaker Mel-temp apparatus
Discussion:
The products of chemical reactions can be impure. Purification of your products must be performed to remove
by-products and impurities. Liquids are customarily purified by distillation, while solids are purified by
recrystallization (sometimes called simply "crystallization").
Recrystallization is a method of purifying a solid. There are two types of impurities: those more soluble in a
given solvent than the main component and those less soluble. (If there are any impurities that have the same
solubility as the main component, then a different solvent needs to be chosen.)
When organic substances are synthesized in the laboratory or isolated from plants, they will obviously contain
impurities. Several techniques for purifying these compounds have been developed. The most basic of these
techniques for the purification of organic solids is recrystallization, which relies on the different solubilities of
solutes in a solvent. Compounds, which are less soluble, will crystallize first. The crystallization process itself
helps in the purification because as the crystals form, they select the correct molecules, which fit into the crystal
lattice and ignore the wrong molecules. This is of course not a perfect process, but it does increase the purity of
the final product.
The solubility of the compound in the solvent used for recrystallization is important. In the ideal case, the
solvent would completely dissolve the compound to be purified at high temperature, usually the boiling point of
the solvent, and the compound would be completely insoluble in that solvent at room temperature or at zero oC.
In addition the impurity either would be completely insoluble in the particular solvent at the high temperature,
or would be very soluble in the solvent at low temperature. In the former case, the impurity could be filtered off
at high temperature, while in the latter case the impurity would completely stay in solution upon cooling. In the
real.
CHEM 1411 Alternate Separation of a Mixture LabObjectives1. To unJinElias52
CHEM 1411 Alternate Separation of a Mixture LabObjectives:
1. To understand different physical separation techniques
2. To separate the components of a mixture of sand (SiO2), table salt (NaCl) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), using various separation techniques
3. To determine the percent composition of each component
4. To determine the percent recovery of the total mixtureMaterials:
· 2 g unknown sample
· Small evaporating dish
· Large evaporating dish
· Watch glass
· Bunsen burner
· Balance
· Clay triangle
· Clay square
· Glass stirring rod
· Evaporating dish tongsIntroduction:
Matter can be generally classified either by state (liquid, gas, or solid) or by composition. In terms of composition, there are two types of matter: pure substances and mixtures. A
pure substance is matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties. Elements or compounds are pure substances (e.g. water, helium.) On the other hand, a
mixture is matter that consists of two or more pure substances physically combined in varying amounts (e.g. salt water). There are two types of mixtures: homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. Whereas a
homogeneous mixture is uniform throughout, the components of a
heterogeneous mixture vary throughout and can be distinguished. For instance, granite (a type of rock) is a heterogeneous mixture.
Regardless of the type of mixture, the components of a mixture can always be separated by physical means. Some examples of physical methods of separation are defined below.
Decantation is the rough separation of a liquid from a solid. It consists of pouring the liquid out and leaving the solid in the container.
No filter paper is needed in this process.
As an example,
sand and water can be separated by decantation.
Filtration is the fine separation of a solid material from a liquid with the help of filter paper and a funnel or other porous membrane. In this process, the solid or residue is collected on a filter paper. The liquid that passes through the filter paper is called the filtrate.
Extraction involves using a solvent to dissolve only one component of a mixture so that it can be removed from the other component(s). For example, if only one solid is soluble in water, extraction could be used to dissolve that component and then the aqueous solution can be removed from the mixture by decantation or filtration.
Distillation is a separation technique that uses the different boiling points of liquids. It consists of vaporizing a liquid substance out of a mixture of two or more liquids and condensing it into a separate container using a condenser. For example, alcohol can be separated from water in an aqueous solution by distillation because the alcohol has a lower boiling point than water.
Sublimation is the direct phase change from solid to gas. Ammonium chloride sublimates when heated. Thi ...
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
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Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
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Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com
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Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
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Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
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5. Step 1 – Choosing the Right Solvent Petroleum Ether Water Ethanol Acetone Dissolves at Room Temperature? YES NO STOP Bad Solvent Dissolves? YES NO STOP Bad Solvent CRYSTALS? YES Good Solvent NO Bad Solvent Heat Ice-water bath Sample added to solvent
6.
7.
8.
9. Folding a Fluted Filter Paper 1- Fold the paper in half. Crease sharply. 2- Fold in half again. 3- Fold each quarter in half again, with all creases facing up. 4- Fold each eighth in half again but this time make the folds in the opposite direction to the one you have been doing.
10.
11.
12. Isolating Crystals Disconnect the vacuum. Carefully remove the filter paper and solid from the funnel. Set the filter cake on a watch glass to dry. Wet filter paper with solvent. Turn on vacuum. The solution containing the crystals is poured onto the filter. After the mother liquor has been pulled through the filter, wash crystals with small portions of ice cold solvent .
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