![Pulse (produced after every ventricular contraction)
ventricular contraction
aortic arch
blood is pumped into
arteries
blood is pumped into
arteries dilate
increased pressure causes
walls of arteries recoil
Blood forced along in series of waves
[Imagine a fireman’s hose]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3heart-101012013008-phpapp01/85/Chapter-8-Transport-in-Humans-Lesson-3-Structure-and-function-of-the-human-heart-33-320.jpg)
![Demonstrating the presence of
valves
Procedure:
• Bandage the upper arm (valves in veins appear as small
swellings) [see above]
• Place 2 fingers at point Y
• Using one finger push blood to point X
• Blood flowed back to from X to b and no further](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3heart-101012013008-phpapp01/85/Chapter-8-Transport-in-Humans-Lesson-3-Structure-and-function-of-the-human-heart-35-320.jpg)
More Related Content
![Biology Project [Circulatory System] Vijay Raja Std Vii Navdeep With Sound](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/biologyprojectcirculatorysystemvijayrajastdviinavdeepwithsound-091128105847-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Similar to Chapter 8 Transport in Humans Lesson 3 - Structure and function of the human heart
Chapter 8 Transport in Humans Lesson 3 - Structure and function of the human heart
- 1.
- 2. Lesson Objectives: • Double& single circulation • Structure of heart • Mode of action of heart
- 3. Lung All other parts ofthe body The mammalianThe mammalian circulation plancirculation plan Double circulation in mammals Heart Blood Blood vessels Circulatory system pulmonary circulation systemic circulation As blood passes through heart twice, this also known as double circulation
- 4. The human circulatorysystemThe human circulatory system The pulmonary circulationThe pulmonary circulation 2 The blood is pumped through pulmonary artery into lungs for gas exchange 3 The blood becomes oxygenated 4 The blood flows through pulmonary veins to left atrium 1 Deoxygenated blood in right ventricle
- 5. The human circulatorysystemThe human circulatory system The systemic circulationThe systemic circulation 1 Oxygenated blood in left ventricle 2 The blood is pumped through aorta to all parts of the body except lungs 3 O2 and nutrients diffuse into cells while CO2 and wastes diffuse out 4 The blood flows through inferior/ superior vena cava to right atrium
- 6.
- 7.
- 8. External Structure ofheartExternal Structure of heart Heart consists of 4 chambers 2 atria (right atrium and left atrium) – smaller – on the upper part 2 ventricles – larger – below atria (plural) left atrium right atrium right ventricle left ventricle
- 9. Internal Structure ofheartInternal Structure of heart Heart consists of 4 chambers 2 atriums – smaller – on the upper part 2 ventricles – larger – below atriums left atrium right atrium right ventricle left ventricle
- 10. Atriums and ventriclesare separated by valves to prevent backflow of blood bicuspid valve Septum prevents mixing of blood in both sides of the heart chordae tendineae holds valves in position and avoids them to turn inside-out tricuspid valve semi-lunar valves
- 11. Blood flow andblood vessels aorta pulmonary artery superior vena cava inferior vena cava pulmonary veins from body from body to lung from lung deoxygenated blood oxygenated blood to body
- 12. Circulation of bloodaround the body Arterial supply Venous return
- 13. External Structure ofheartExternal Structure of heart aorta pulmonary artery superior vena cava inferior vena cava pulmonary vein coronary artery coronary vein
- 14. Structure of heart bicuspid valve tricuspid valve Inferior vena cava Superior vena cava Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Right atrium Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle aorticvalve Median septum aorta chordae tendineae Pulmonary valve
- 15. Activity: Label the followingdiagram of the heart in the worksheet provided
- 17. Names of importantarteries & veins
- 18.
- 19. Label the externalparts of the heart: 1. superior vena cava 2. aorta 3. pulmonary arteries 4. left atrium 5. right atrium 6. right ventricle 7. left ventricle 8. right coronary vein 9. right coronary artery 10. apex
- 20. Label the internalparts of the heart: 1. superior vena cava 2. right atrium 3. tricuspid valve 4. right ventricle 5. papillary muscle 6. aorta 7. pulmonary artery 8. left atrium 9. bicuspid valve 10. median septum
- 21. Mode of actionof heart
- 22. Mode of action rightatrium left atrium right ventricle contract simultaneously left ventricle pulmonary arch contract simultaneously aortic arch Backflow prevented by tricuspid valve Backflow prevented by bicuspid valve (atria contracts) (atria relaxes)
- 23. Mode of action •closing of tricuspid & bicuspid ‘ valves produce loud ‘lub’ sound (ventricular contraction/systole) • closure of semilunar valves produce ’dub’ sound (ventricular relaxation/diastole) • one systole + one diastole = one heartbeat • atria and ventricle work alternately
- 24.
- 25. Blood pressure • Forceof blood exerted on blood vessel walls • Highest during ventricular systole, when blood is forced into arteries • Decreases during ventricular diastole • Varies in different parts of the body (arteries near heart → high; veins (far from heart → low) • Varies with individuals Normal person: systolic pressure = 120-140mm of mercury diastolic pressure = 75-90mm of mercury • Blood pressure is given as the systolic pressure being the first number than diastolic pressure being the second number e.g. 120/80 (120 over 80) • High blood pressure when blood pressure is 140/90 or higher
- 26. High blood pressure •High blood pressure when blood pressure is 140/90 or higher • May occur temporarily after heavy exercise or when a person is angry • Persistent high blood pressure (in middle- aged or elderly people) is a dangerous medical condition • Can be easily controlled if they see a doctor in time and follow the medical advice given
- 27. ***Pressure changes inthe heart (Refer to pg 161 Biology Textbook) Recall • one systole + one diastole = one heartbeat • atria and ventricle work alternately (ventricular systole + atrial diastole occur simultaneously and atrial systole + ventricular diastole occur simultaneously)
- 28. Increase in pressure dueto blood flowing into the ventricle when the atrium contracts Increase in pressure due to blood flowing into the aorta when the ventricle contracts Pressure in the aorta follows that of the pressure in the ventricle (pressure is slightly lower) Pressure in the aorta rises due to backflow of blood in the aorta
- 29. ‘O’ Level BioP1 Nov 2008 ( D ) For bicuspid valve to open, pressure in the left atrium must be high and vice versa
- 30. ‘O’ Level BioP1 Nov 2006 ( B ) Atrio-ventricular valve = bicuspid or tricupid valves Semi-lunar valve = valve in aorta Between W and X, ventricular pressure is increasing hence atrio ventricular valves would be closed and semi lunar valve would open as blood is pushed through the aorta
- 31. ‘O’ Level BioP1 Nov 2006 ( C ) 0.6 s = one heartbeat 60/0.6 = 100 heartbeats per min
- 32.
- 33. Pulse (produced afterevery ventricular contraction) ventricular contraction aortic arch blood is pumped into arteries blood is pumped into arteries dilate increased pressure causes walls of arteries recoil Blood forced along in series of waves [Imagine a fireman’s hose]
- 34. Experiment to demonstratethe presence of valves in veins
- 35. Demonstrating the presenceof valves Procedure: • Bandage the upper arm (valves in veins appear as small swellings) [see above] • Place 2 fingers at point Y • Using one finger push blood to point X • Blood flowed back to from X to b and no further
- 36.
- 37.
- 38. Coronary Heart Disease •Coronary arteries lie on the outside of the heart and carry blood to the muscles in the walls of the heart • Blood supply to the heart can be greatly reduced if the coronary arteries become blocked or narrowed Narrowing/ blocking of coronary arteries 1) Angina (chest pains) 2) Heart attack
- 39. Transverse sections of2 arteries (cholesterol + polysaturated fats)
- 40.
- 41. 2) Heart Attack!!! •Fatty substances (cholesterol and polysaturated fats) may be deposited on the inner surfaces of the coronary arteries (atherosclerosis); • This narrows the lumen of these arteries + increases blood pressure; • Such an affected artery develops rough inner surfaces, which increases the risk of a blood clot being trapped in the artery (thrombosis); • If it occurs in the coronary arteries, the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart muscles may be completely cut off. The heart muscle cells may be damaged and die, triggering a heart attack.
- 42.
- 43. Atheroma formation A thrombusis an aggregate of a network of fibrin, platelets, and blood elements trapped by the fibrin net
- 44. Factors that increasethe risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease 1. A diet rich in cholesterol and saturated animal fats 2. Emotional stress 3. Smoking
- 45. Preventive measures against coronaryheart disease • Proper diet – rich in dietary fibres; substitute animal fats with polyunsaturated plant fats • Proper stress management • Avoid smoking - Nicotine increases blood pressure - CO increases risk of fatty deposits on inner surfaces of arteries • Regular physical exercise - strengthens the heart and maintains elasticity of arterial walls
- 47.