Dams and their Effects on forests and tribal peopleArchitGupta119
Subtopics include:
1. Submergence of forest land
2. Devastation of forests
3. Prone to floods, droughts & landslides
4. Loss of soil fertility
5. Loss of Biodiversity
6. Loss of Species
7. Effects on tribal people
8. Displacement of tribal people
Over the past few decades, the increase in population and advances made in farming technology has increased the demand for crops and livestock from the agricultural industry. This growth in agricultural production has resulted in an increase in contaminants polluting soil and waterways.
Ch 2 Natural Resources and Associated ProblemsAmol Kokare
Environmental Studies ppt for EST,
Ch. No. 2 natural resources and associated problems,
By Prof. Kokare A.Y.
Lecturer at Babasaheb phadtare polytechnic, Kalamb-Walchandnagar.
Soil pollution is defined as the build-up in soils of determined toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive materials, or disease causing agents, which have adverse effects on plant growth and animal health.
# Main Causes of Soil Pollution
# What Diseases Does Pollution Cause
# Soil Pollution and Its Effects
# Methods to control soil pollution
# How soil pollution and soil erosion could be prevented
This presentation discuss about the human impact on ecosystem, planetary responses to changes and imbalance in the various ecological systems. The main cause of ecological change is the rapid increase in human population which ultimately utilize the non-renewable resources to fulfil their luxurious living standards and to discover various technologies to generate energy.
Marine pollution is the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment (including estuaries), resulting in such deleterious effects as: harm to living resources; hazards to human health; hindrance to marine activities including fishing; impairing the quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities
Dams and their Effects on forests and tribal peopleArchitGupta119
Subtopics include:
1. Submergence of forest land
2. Devastation of forests
3. Prone to floods, droughts & landslides
4. Loss of soil fertility
5. Loss of Biodiversity
6. Loss of Species
7. Effects on tribal people
8. Displacement of tribal people
Over the past few decades, the increase in population and advances made in farming technology has increased the demand for crops and livestock from the agricultural industry. This growth in agricultural production has resulted in an increase in contaminants polluting soil and waterways.
Ch 2 Natural Resources and Associated ProblemsAmol Kokare
Environmental Studies ppt for EST,
Ch. No. 2 natural resources and associated problems,
By Prof. Kokare A.Y.
Lecturer at Babasaheb phadtare polytechnic, Kalamb-Walchandnagar.
Soil pollution is defined as the build-up in soils of determined toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive materials, or disease causing agents, which have adverse effects on plant growth and animal health.
# Main Causes of Soil Pollution
# What Diseases Does Pollution Cause
# Soil Pollution and Its Effects
# Methods to control soil pollution
# How soil pollution and soil erosion could be prevented
This presentation discuss about the human impact on ecosystem, planetary responses to changes and imbalance in the various ecological systems. The main cause of ecological change is the rapid increase in human population which ultimately utilize the non-renewable resources to fulfil their luxurious living standards and to discover various technologies to generate energy.
Marine pollution is the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment (including estuaries), resulting in such deleterious effects as: harm to living resources; hazards to human health; hindrance to marine activities including fishing; impairing the quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities
IFPRI Policy Seminar “Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement--A Global Assessment for Sustainable Development” held on December 3, 2015. Presentation by Alisher Mirzabaev, Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn.
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Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
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Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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4. How do we affect the ecosystem?
Natural resources are resources supplied by
nature that are used by humans
Air, water, soil, wildlife and forests are
renewable resources (i.e. they can be replaced
in the ecosystem by natural cycles as long as
humans do not overuse them)
On the other hand, fossil fuels take millions of
years to form naturally
They cannot be replaced once they are
used, hence they are called non-renewable
natural resources
5. How do we affect the ecosystem?
Human activity
Agriculture Industry
Uses natural resources
leading to
1. Deforestation
2. Over-fishing
3. Pollution
7. Deforestation
Definition:
The removal of forests by cutting and burning
to provide land for agricultural
purposes, residential or industrial building
sites, roads, etc., or by harvesting the trees for
building materials or fuel.
13. Importance of plants
Leaf canopy → protects soil from impact of rain
Roots → hold soil + water (water released
gradually to soil below and nearby streams and
lakes)
14. Removal of plants
Soil exposure to direct force of the rain
Without a shelter belt, water runoff become
intense
Topsoil (fertile layer) washed away (esp. on
slopes)
Severe in tropical areas (due to high rainfall)
15. Sheet erosion
The removal of a fairly uniform layer of soil from
the land surface by raindrop splash and/or
runoff.
16. Gully erosion
Removal of layers of soil due to heavy
rainfall, thus creating small channels which
eventually widen and deepen as more soil
is removed, forming gullies
19. Why do floods occur?
With trees removed, rainwater is not retained
and released slowly
Blockage of water flow in rivers/streams due
to silting (eroded soil)
Water levels rise rapidly and flows inland
Silting
21. Desertification
Definition:
Destruction of land leading to desert-like conditions
What leads to desertification?
1) Hardening of soil (due to water evaporation caused
by the heating of soil by the sun)
→ Plant life not supported
→ Animal life is not supported
→ Land becomes barren
→ habitats are lost and many
species of organisms become extinct
2) Overgrazing by animals
- because plants cannot regenerate fast enough
22. Result of desertification
Loss of habitats
Extinction of species of organisms
Loss of potential medicinal resources
which may be useful in treating diseases
Upsetting O2 and CO2 balances
24. How does deforestation result in
climatic changes?
→ with forests, rainwater is retained and absorbed by
roots of trees
→ water lost during transpiration
→ relative humidity of air around forests high
→ water vapour condenses + precipitates as rain
→ However when trees are cleared the area becomes
dry & warm
→ annual rainfall decreases
25. What have we learnt so far?
Deforestation
- definition
- reasons for deforestation
- damaging effects of deforestation
(i) soil erosion
(ii) flooding
(iii) desertification
(iv) climatic changes
27. How do uncontrolled fishing
practices harm the ecosystem?
i) Humans catch fish for food. As the human
populations increases, so does the demand
for fish. Some species of fish have been
caught in such large numbers that their
populations have decreased drastically
(over-fished)
ii) Indiscriminate fishing (i.e. do not distinguish
between the targeted catch and immature
organisms or unwanted species e.g. gigantic
drift nets trap almost everything in their path.
Marine life e.g. sharks, turtles, dolphins are
unintentionally caught. Though dumped back
into the sea, they often die
28. How do uncontrolled fishing
practices harm the ecosystem?
iii) Some methods of fishing destroy the seabed and marine
habitat
- shrimp/prawn trawlers drag large fishing nets along
the bottom of the sea. Many unwanted species are
trapped in the process
- scallop dredges scrape the seabed, destroying coral
reefs and organisms that live on the seabed
- In cyanide fishing, cyanide (a poison) is squirted in
the water around coral reefs. The cyanide stuns reef
fish and makes them unable to swim properly.
Fishermen then capture the fish for sale as pets.
Explosives (e.g. dynamite) are also used to stun and
catch reef fish. Both cyanide and explosives kill corals
and many other reef organisms
