The document discusses the human circulatory system. It begins by explaining why humans need a transport system to carry nutrients to cells and waste away from cells. It then describes the components of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It discusses the different types of blood vessels - arteries, veins, and capillaries. It also covers double circulation in mammals, the structure and function of the heart, blood pressure, blood groups, and common heart diseases like atherosclerosis.
The Human Blood Circulatory system
Humans and other vertebrates have a closed blood circulatory system:
This system consists of
the heart (pump),
series of blood vessels
the blood that flows through them.
This means that circulating blood is pumped through a system of vessels.
Functions of Human Blood Circulatory System
1. oxygen
2. carbon dioxide
3 nutrients
4. water
5. ions
6. hormones
7. antibodies
8. metabolic wastes
A powerpoint designed for the South African Life Sciences syllabus for grade 11. Includes information about blood and it's transportation, the human heart, the lymph system etc. Hope it helps :)
The Human Blood Circulatory system
Humans and other vertebrates have a closed blood circulatory system:
This system consists of
the heart (pump),
series of blood vessels
the blood that flows through them.
This means that circulating blood is pumped through a system of vessels.
Functions of Human Blood Circulatory System
1. oxygen
2. carbon dioxide
3 nutrients
4. water
5. ions
6. hormones
7. antibodies
8. metabolic wastes
A powerpoint designed for the South African Life Sciences syllabus for grade 11. Includes information about blood and it's transportation, the human heart, the lymph system etc. Hope it helps :)
AS Level Biology - 8) Transport in MammalsArm Punyathorn
You're probably quite familiar with how the heart work as a pump to transport blood around your body by now. In AS level, you will take this understanding to the next level - understanding the intricate system and the processes that goes on every time you draw a breathe.
An 8th grade lesson introductory lesson on the circulatory system ... in addition to the powerpoint I had the students take their pulse at rest at the beginning of class and then again during the middle of class after having them run in place for 30 seconds
This is the first PowerPoint in the mrexham IGCSE Biology series. It is also available on iBooks.
It covers the Cells section from life processes of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course
Not 100 % genuine slides, took from a couple of sources --> credits to those sources.
#important thing is students are able to learn conveniently
BIOLOGY GCE O level Syllabus
NOTE: NEED TO DOWNLOAD BECAUSE THERE ARE MANY MANY ANIMATIONS THAT HIDE SOME OF THE CONTENT
Like Membrane, this is one of the shorter topics with less content to go through. More or less an extension of the mamal transport system, the gas exchange system should still be seen as an individual self-serving/ self-functioning system worthy of its own spotlight.
AS Level Biology - 8) Transport in MammalsArm Punyathorn
You're probably quite familiar with how the heart work as a pump to transport blood around your body by now. In AS level, you will take this understanding to the next level - understanding the intricate system and the processes that goes on every time you draw a breathe.
An 8th grade lesson introductory lesson on the circulatory system ... in addition to the powerpoint I had the students take their pulse at rest at the beginning of class and then again during the middle of class after having them run in place for 30 seconds
This is the first PowerPoint in the mrexham IGCSE Biology series. It is also available on iBooks.
It covers the Cells section from life processes of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course
Not 100 % genuine slides, took from a couple of sources --> credits to those sources.
#important thing is students are able to learn conveniently
BIOLOGY GCE O level Syllabus
NOTE: NEED TO DOWNLOAD BECAUSE THERE ARE MANY MANY ANIMATIONS THAT HIDE SOME OF THE CONTENT
Like Membrane, this is one of the shorter topics with less content to go through. More or less an extension of the mamal transport system, the gas exchange system should still be seen as an individual self-serving/ self-functioning system worthy of its own spotlight.
This presentation is a combination of different slides which I re-purposed. I included a reference of all the slides I used at the end of my presentation.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. Why do we need a Transport System?
Picture this…
3. Why do we need a Transport System?
Picture this…
• Nutrients transported to
cells
• Waste products transported
out of cell out of body
• Can Diffusion be the only way
to go?...
NO!
4. Why do we need a Transport System?
• We need a transport system to:
– Transport nutrients and oxygen to the various
organs/ cells
– Remove waste product efficiently
9. The Circulatory Fluid: Blood
Cellular Elements
• Red blood cells:
– Circular and biconcave with the centre portion
much thinner than the edge.
– This allows cells to be bent out of shape as they
squeeze through capillaries which are narrower
than themselves.
10. The Circulatory Fluid: Blood
Cellular Elements
– Mature red blood cells lack nucleus which allows
them to contain more haemoglobin.
– Relatively short life span of only three months.
– Replacement cells are produced by bone marrow.
11. The Circulatory Fluid: Blood
Cellular Elements
• White blood cells:
– All leucocytes have a nucleus.
12. The Circulatory Fluid: Blood
Cellular Elements
• White blood cells:
– The creeping movement of the white blood cell
enables it:
– To squeeze through pores in capillary walls in
order to reach the sites of infection, and
– To carry out phagocytosis in order to remove
bacteria or damaged cells.
14. The Circulatory Fluid: Blood
Cellular Elements
• White blood cells:
– During phagocytosis, cell processes surround and
engulf bacteria or damaged cells.
– Enzymes are then secreted into the vacuole formed
to digest it.
15. The Circulatory Fluid: Blood
Cellular Elements
• White blood cells:
– Inflammatory response:
– Injured cells release chemicals causing nearby
blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissue, causing
it to swell;
– This dilutes the toxins & brings extra oxygen as
well as platelets and clotting proteins to the
injured site;
– The chemicals also attract phagocytes which
engulf bacteria.
16. The Circulatory Fluid: Blood
Cellular Elements
• White blood cells:
– Inflammatory response:
17. The Circulatory Fluid: Blood
Cellular Elements
• White blood cells:
– Antibody production:
– Produced by lymphocytes;
– Antibodies will recognise antigen present on a
foreign body and bind with and deactivate that
specific antigen;
– Each antibody responds to a specific antigen;
– Some become memory cells for vaccination.
18. The Circulatory Fluid: Blood
Cellular Elements
• White blood cells:
– Antibody production:
19. The Circulatory Fluid: Blood
Cellular Elements
• Platelets:
– Smallest of the formed elements of blood.
– Between 250 000 to 400 000 platelets per mm3
of blood.
– Can live between five to eight days before being
destroyed by patrolling phagocytes.
– Used for formation of blood clot (platelet plug),
thereby preventing blood loss.
– Are highly adhesive to rough surfaces.
23. The Circulatory Fluid: Blood
Cellular Elements
• Platelets:
– Once the clot has
formed, it shrinks
and presses out
most of the fluid
serum.
– Clot hardens and
stops further
bleeding.
24. The Blood Vessels
• Three kinds of blood vessels are present in the human
circulatory system:
25. bloodVESSELS - artery
Structure:
•thick and elastic muscular walls to
withstand the high blood pressure
• elasticity enables artery wall to stretch &
recoil
• do not contain valves
Function:
•carry oxygeneated (except pulmonary
artery) blood away from the heart at high
pressure
Middle layer
(smooth muscle &
elastic fibres)
External layer
(connective tissue)
Small
lumen
26. bloodVESSELS - vein
Structure:
• relatively thin, less muscular
walls
• valves present to prevent the
backflow of blood
Function:
• usually carry deoxygenated
blood (except pulmonary vein)to
the heart at lower blood
pressure
28. Artery Vein Capillary
-Thick, muscular and
elastic walls to withstand
the high blood pressure in
artery.
-Elasticity allows artery
wall to stretch & recoil to
push the blood in spurts
along the artery.
-Thin, slightly muscular
and have less elastic tissue
as blood move more slowly
and smoothly in the vein at
low pressure.
- Very thin, only one-cell
thick wall to allow
exchange of substances to
take place between the
blood and surrounding
tissue.
-Valves are absent -Valves are present to
prevent backflow of blood
-No valves
-Always transport blood
away from the heart to the
rest of the body
-Transport oxygenated
blood(except for
pulmonary artery and
umbilical artery)
-Always transport blood
from body to the heart
-Transport deoxygenated
blood (except for
pulmonary vein & umbilical
vein)
-Always carry blood from
arterioles to venules
-Allow exchange of
substances between blood
and tissue fluid.
31. tissueFLUID (pure)
plasma
direction of
blood flow
movement of oxygen and
dissolved food substances
movement of excretory
waste products
blood capillary wall
white blood cell squeezing
through capillary wall
33. • Tissue cells are bathed in tissue fluid (interstitial
fluid)
• Tissue fluid allows the diffusion of dissolved
substances between the tissue cells and the blood
capillaries.
• Dissolved food substances and oxygen diffuse out
from the blood capillaries into the tissue fluid then
into the cells
• Excretory products diffuse out from the cells into
the tissue fluid and then through the capillary walls
into the blood.
36. • There are 4 human blood groups:
A, B, AB and O
• Classification is based on the types of antigens and
antibodies present in the blood:
Antigens represented by capital letters A & B
Antibodies represented by small letters a & b
38. Are ‘blood agglutination’ and ‘blood clotting’
similar?
Blood clotting is the formation of an enmeshed network
of fibrin that traps RBCs and seal the wound from further
blood loss.
Blood agglutination is the clumping of RBC when natural
antibodies in the recipient’s body react with the antigens
on the donor’s red blood cells.
40. Answers:
(a) X : Blood group B
Y : Blood group AB
Z : Blood group O
(b) Antibody b in the serum reacts with antigen B on the red blood
cells, causing clumping of the red blood cells from X.
(c) Blood group O
(d) Blood groups A and AB
(e) Such a person’s red blood cells do not contain any antigens, so
this person’s blood can be donated to any blood group without
causing clumping of the recipient’s red blood cells.
44. Double Circulation in Mammals
• In mammals, blood flows through the heart
twice in one complete circuit.
Systemic Circulation Pulmonary Circulation
46. Did You Know That?!
• The muscular walls of the right ventricle is
thinner than the left? Why?
-The left ventricle pumps
blood from the heart to
the rest of the body, thus
requiring a more muscular
wall.
-The right ventricle pumps
blood to the lungs, which
is nearer to the heart, thus
have a thinner muscular
wall
Right
Ventricle
Left
Ventricle
47. Aorta distributes oxygenated blood to
different parts of the body. For example...
Lungs
Liver
Small intestine
Kidney
Limbs
Aorta
Hepatic
artery
Renal
artery
Hepatic
vein
Hepatic
portal vein
Renal
vein
50. The Cardiac Cycle
1
The atria contracts, forcing blood into the
relaxed . This causes a slight
increase in both the atrial pressure and
ventricular pressure
1
ventricles.
51. The Cardiac Cycle
2
2
The Ventricles contract. This is called
ventricle systole. The ventricle pressure
increases. This causes the atrioventricular
valves (Tricuspid & Bicuspid valves) to
close, producing a loud “lub” sound and
prevents the backflow of blood into the
atria.
52. The Cardiac Cycle
3
3
The pressure in the ventricles becomes
higher than that of the aorta and
pulmonary artery. The semi-lunar valves
open and blood flows into the aorta and
pulmonary artery.
53. The Cardiac Cycle
4
4
The ventricles relax. This
is called ventricular
diastole. The drop in
pressure in the ventricles
causes the semi-lunar
valves to close, producing
a soft “dub” sound. This
prevents the backflow of
blood into the ventricles.
54. The Cardiac Cycle
5
5
The pressure in the
ventricle continues to
decrease as they relax.
6
6
The atrioventricular
valves opens as pressure
in the ventricle becomes
lower than that in the
atria.
7
7
The pressure in the
ventricles gradually
increases as blood
continues to enter the
ventricle from the atria
55. Heart Disease
• Coronary artery (supplies blood to the heart)
lie on the outside of the heart and supply
oxygenated blood to the muscles in the wall
of the cell.
56. • Taking in too much cholesterol and
polysaturated fat can cause fatty substance to
be deposited on the inner surface of the
coronary arteries.
Did You Know That?!
Atherosclerosis
57. Atherosclerosis
• This results in the occlusion/ blockage of the
coronary arteries and reducing the supply of
oxygenated blood & nutrients to the heart
muscles.
• Heart muscles eventually dies heart failure
Fatty deposits
Heart
Attack!
58. Buzz Time!
Can a thin person develop arteriosclerosis?
Polyunsaturated
fats
59. Effect of tobacco smoke
Substance Effect
nicotine increases blood pressure and the risk of
blood clotting in the coronary arteries.
carbon
monoxide
increase the risk of fatty deposits
(atherosclerosis) on the inner surfaces of
arteries.
60. Prepared by, Ms Wong Fui Yen
Examples of Famous People with Heart Disease
• Bill Clinton – quadruple
bypass surgery in 2004
• David Letterman -
quadruple bypass surgery
in 2000
• Larry King - heart attack
and bypass surgery in
1987
• Michael Jackson – died of
cardiac arrest 2009
