The document discusses operant conditioning, a learning theory developed by B.F. Skinner, which focuses on how behavior is influenced by rewards and punishments. It describes concepts such as positive reinforcement, where favorable outcomes follow behaviors to increase them, and negative reinforcement, which strengthens responses by removing unpleasant stimuli. The text also highlights the mixed results of applying these techniques in educational settings, particularly with students who exhibit certain behaviors.

2. Faculty of Education
University of Sindh Pakistan
Assigned by Dr : Amjad Ali arain
Name : Waqar Ali
Roll no: 2k17/B.Ed (hons)/82
Topic : Learning Theories of
Operant Condition

3. ‘LEARNING THEORY OF OPERANT
CONDITION’
Operant conditioning was introduced by behaviourist
Buhurs Frederic skinner, who believed that organism ,
while going about it’s every activities, is in the process of
operating on the environment.
In the course of its activities the organisms encounters a
special kind of stimulus called a reinforcing stimulus
called or simply a reinforcer.
This special stimulus has the effect of increasing the
behavior occurring just before the reinforcer
American psychologist behaviorist , inventor , author and
social philosopher.

4. WHAT IS OPERANT
CONDITIONING
Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs
through rewards and punishments for behavior.
Through operant conditioning an association is made
between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior

5. “Operant Conditioning”
 Operant conditioning
 Reinforcement of Positive behavior (Increase
Behavior)
 Positive
 It is something that happens after a behavior or even
that strengths or increases behavior likely to occur
again.
 Positive reinforcement
 It is favorable events or outcomes that are presented
after the behavior.

6. “Negative Reinforcement”
 In these situations , a response is strengthened by
the removal of something considered unpleasant.
 (Example : Negative reinforcement applied to group
of students.
 We got different types of results may be behavior
changes or normal.
 Some times it gives us good results but sometimes it
makes distraction or anxiety.
 It depends up environment or circumstances

7. Punishment Negative
behavior
 It can be positive or negative
 Positive Punishment give us good results.
 It can be applied at any place just like Home ,
Class Room
 It increase chances of success.
 We select group of students who are always
late comers then we apply positive
reinforcement just like assigning them multi-task
at a time period thus we call positive
punishment.