This document discusses operant conditioning and its key components. Operant conditioning is a method of learning through rewards and punishments for behaviors. B.F. Skinner coined the term and found that behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on the consequences that follow them. There are four types of consequences: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment. Examples are given to illustrate how behaviors are conditioned through these consequences in areas like education and the workplace.

2. IN THE LIGHT OF
LEARNING BEHAVIOR

3. PRESENTED BY:
 FARNAZ SATTAR(#09)
 HAMRA SHAHZADI(#10)
 ALISHBA MARYAM(#11)
 M.ZAHEER
AKHTAR(#14)

4. DEFINITION:
Operant conditioning is a method of learning that
occurs through reward and punishment for
behavior.
 Through operant
conditioning an
association is
made between a
behavior and a
consequence for
that behavior.

5. B.F.SKINNER
• Operant conditioning was
coined by Behaviorist B.F
Skinner in the course of its
activities , the organism
encounters a special kind of
stimulus , or simply reinforce
stimulus called reinforcement
.This special stimulus has the
effect of increasing the
behavior just before the
Reinforce.

6. EXAMPLE:
• Children complete
homework to earn
a reward from a
parent or teacher.
• Employees
finishing projects
to receive praise
promotions.
• A child who lost
recess privileges
because he talk
out of turn in
class.

7. OPERANT
CONDITIONING
REINFORCEMENT PUNISHMEN
T
COMPONENTS OF OPERANT CONDITIONING:
POSTIVE(+) NEGITIVE(-) POSTIVE(+) NEGITIVE(-)

8. COMPONENTS OF OPERANT CONDITIONING
REINFORCEMENT
“A kind of stimulus that aims to increase
the strength in behavior due to its
consequence.”
REINFORCEMENT
POSITIVE(+) NEGITIVE(-)

9. POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
Are favorable events that are presented after the
behavior(reward learning).
EXAMPLE:
A student answered
all the items correctly
In the unit test. the
teacher said “ you
are
Exempted in the
periodic test
DEFINITION:

10. NEGITIVE REINFORCEMENT
DEFINITION:
A response is strengthened by stopping ,Removing or
avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus(
avoidance learning).
EXAMPLE:
You clean up your
mess in kitchen to
avoid in a fight
with your
roommate.

11. PUNISHMENT
“Any event that causes a decrease in the
Behavior.”
COMPONENTS OF OPERANT CONDITIONING
PUNISHMEN
T
POSTIVE(+
)
NEGITIVE(-)

12. POSITIVE PUNISHMENT
Involves presenting an unfavorable out come Or event
following an undesirable behavior (punishment by
applications)
DEFINITION:
EXAMPLE :
Wearing favorite
dress to class but
reprimanded by
teacher for
violating the School
dress code.

13. NEGITIVE PUNISHMENT
It involves taking something good or desirable away to
reduce the occurrence of particular
behavior(punishment by removal)
DEFINITION:
EXAMPLE :
Wearing favorite dress
to class but
reprimanded by teacher
for violating the School
dress code.