Downloaded 117 times
Uploaded byhon 456
Classical and operant conditioning
This document provides an overview of classical and operant conditioning. It discusses how classical conditioning involves forming associations between stimuli through repeated pairing, as discovered by Ivan Pavlov, and identifies the key components of classical conditioning. It also defines operant conditioning as modifying behavior through reinforcement and punishment based on consequences, as outlined by B.F. Skinner's experiments with rats pressing levers. The document further explains the concepts of reinforcement, both positive and negative, as well as punishment, both positive and negative, in operant conditioning.
More Related Content
Similar to Classical and operant conditioning
Classical and operant conditioning
- 1. PSYCHOLOGY CLASSICAL AND OPERANT CONDITIONING Presentedby Hunsah Qaiser Roll-no 14 Presented to Sir Arslan Class-Introduction to Psychology Department of literature & linguistics BS-3 Government Post Graduate College, Mirpur A.K
- 2. INTRODUCTION Classical and operantconditioning are two important concepts central to behavioural psychology. Behavioural psychology A theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviours are acquired through conditioning.Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment.
- 3. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING • Discoveredby Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) • Russian physiologist. • did Nobel prize-winning work on digestion. • Known for: classical conditioning, transmarginal inhibition, behaviour modification
- 4. DEFINITION • Classical conditioningis the process of forming an association between a naturally existing stimulus and a previously neutral stimulus.
- 5. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING THEORY (THESPECIFIC MODEL ) • A stimulus will naturally (without learning) bring about a reflexive response Unconditioned Stimulus (US) Unconditioned Response (UR)
- 6. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING THEORY (THESPECIFIC MODEL ) • Neutral Stimulus (NS) does not bring about the response of interest •This stimulus is a neutral stimulus since it does not bring about the Unconditioned Response.
- 7. FOUR COMPONENTS OFCONDITION The unconditioned stimulus is one that unconditionally,naturally and automatically triggers a response The unconditioned response is the unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned response The conditioned stimulus is previously natural stimulus that, after becoming associate with the unconditioned stimulus ,eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response. The conditioned response is the learned response to the previously natural stimulus
- 9. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING THEORY TheNeutral Stimulus (the sound of the bell) is repeatedly paired with the Unconditioned/Natural Stimulus (food).
- 11. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING THEORY •but after repeated pairing The Neutral Stimulus (NS) is transformed into a Conditioned Stimulus (CS). •That is, when the CS is presented by itself, it alone causes the CR (Conditioned Response) .
- 13. OPERANT CONDITIONING (INTRODUCTION) Was discoveredby B.F Skinner (1904- 1990) An American psychologist, behaviourist, author,inventor, and social Philosopher. Known for: Operant conditioning, Operant conditioning chamber, Radical behaviourism.
- 14. DEFINITION Operant conditioning canbe described as the process that attempts to modify behaviour through the use of reinforcement and punishment. In operant conditioning,an individual forms an association between a particular behaviour and its consequence.
- 15.
- 16. After repeatedly gainingfood by pulling lever, the rat will learn that he will get food only by pressing lever. The rat Food is the reward here. And the behaviour performed to get that reward is the pressing of the lever.
- 17. W I TH T H E U S E O F R E I N F O R C E M E N T & P U N I S H M E N T
- 19. REINFORCEMENT Reinforcement is aresponse to a behaviour which is designed to increase the likelihood of a particular behaviour being repeated
- 20. REINFORCEMENT Positive Reinforcement is wherea pleasant stimulus (such as food is provided) follows the desired behaviour. Negative Reinforcement is where a negative stimulus is taken away following the desired behaviour.
- 21. POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT Dog fetchesball and the owner gives him food as reward. Teacher praises the student on her good behaviour.
- 22. NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT A mantakes aspirin to get rid of his headache.
- 23. PUNISHMENT Punishment is aresponse to a behaviour which is designed to decrease the probability of behaviour being repeated.
- 24. PUNISHMENT Positive Punishment is wherenegative stimulus is added fowling the undesired Behaviour. Negative Punishment is where positive stimulus is taken is taken away fowling the undesired behaviour (such is dessert after dinner).
- 25. POSITIVE PUNISHMENT You getbeat because of your bad behaviour. You get extra chores because of your bad behaviour.
- 26. NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT Your momtakes away your favourite food because of your bad behaviour.
- 27.