social learning theory was proposed by Neal E. Miller and John Dollard in 1941. The proposition of social learning was expanded upon and theorized by Canadian psychologist Albert Bandura from 1962 until the present. . Bandura provided his concept of self-efficacy in 1977, while he refuted the traditional learning theory for understanding learning.

1. SocialLearningtheories
Personality Theories

2. Prepared By
Manu Melwin Joy
Research Scholar
School of Management Studies
CUSAT, Kerala, India.
Phone – 9744551114
Mail – manu_melwinjoy@yahoo.com
Kindly restrict the use of slides for personal purpose.
Please seek permission to reproduce the same in public
forms and presentations.

3. LittleboysOnlyLittlegirls

4. Allboys pushingsamanth

5. Social Learning theory
social learning theory was proposed by Neal E. Miller and John Dollard in 1941. The
proposition of social learning was expanded upon and theorized by Canadian
psychologist Albert Bandura from 1962 until the present. . Bandura provided his
concept of self-efficacy in 1977, while he refuted the traditional learning theory
for understanding learning.

6. 1. Social learning theory, used in psychology, education, and communication, posits
that portions of an individual's knowledge acquisition can be directly related to
observing others within the context of social interactions, experiences, and
outside media influences.
2. In other words, people do not learn new behaviours solely by trying them and
either succeeding or failing, but rather, the survival of humanity is dependent
upon the replication of the actions of others.
3. People learn by observing others, with the environment, behavior, and cognition all as the
chief factors in influencing development. These three factors are not static or
independent elements; rather, they are all reciprocal
Social Learning theory

7. The main tenets of Albert Bandura’s theory are
that:
• people learn by observing others
• the same set of stimuli may provoke
different responses from different
people, or from the same people at
different times
• the world and a person’s behaviour are
interlinked
• Personality is an interaction between
three factors: the environment,
behaviour, and a person’s psychological
processes.
Concepts

8. Bandura proposed a four step conceptual scheme of the process involved in
observational learning:
• Step 1: This first step incorporates the attention processes that are involved including
certain model characteristics which may increase the likelihood of the behaviour
being attended to.
• Step 2: The second step refers to retention processes including the observer's ability to
encode, to remember and to make sense of what has been observed.
• Step 3: The third step refers to motor reproduction processes including the capabilities
that the observer has to perform the behaviours being observed.
• Step 4: The final step refers to motivational processes including external reinforcement,
vicarious reinforcement, and self-reinforcement. If a behaviour is to be imitated, an
observer must be motivated to perform that behaviour.
Observationallearning

9. • According to Bandura, behaviour is influenced by multiple determinants.
• The concept of reciprocal determinism proposes that these factors have an
interactive effect on each other and that they exist in the environment as well as
within the individual in the form of affect, cognition, and constitutional disposition.
• External rewards and punishments, internal beliefs and expectancies all form part of
a complex system.
• Consistent with the principles of systems, a change in one aspect requires a change
in all others so that balance and equilibrium can once again be achieved.
ReciprocalDeterminism

10. Bandura used the term self-efficacy to refer to a person's belief that he or she can
successfully carry "courses of action required to deal with prospective situations
containing many ambiguous, unpredictable, and often stressful elements“. Among the
sources of self-efficacy are:
• performance accomplishments: Past experiences of success and failure in attempts to
accomplish goals are the most important regulators of self-efficacy;
• vicarious experience: When individuals witness others' successes and failures, they are
provided with information which they can use as a basis for comparison for their own
personal competence in similar situations;
• verbal persuasion: Being told by others that one can or cannot competently perform a
particular behaviour can lead to increases or decreases in self-efficacy;
• emotional arousal: Levels of self-efficacy are also proposed to be Influenced by the
degree and quality of the emotional arousal an individual experiences when
engaging in a particular behaviour in a specific situation.
Self Efficacy

11. • Behaviour has been found to be more consistent than is argued by Bandura's theory
which focuses a great deal on the situation. Some researchers have argued that the
theory lacks attention to biological or hormonal processes.
• Probably of most significance is the criticism that the theory is not unified. Concepts and
processes such as observational learning and self-efficacy have been highly
researched but there has been little explanation about the relationship among the
concepts
Criticisms

12. Thank You

13. Other TA topics available on slideshare
1. Strokes - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/strokes-24081607.
2. Games People Play - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/psychological-
games-people-play.
3. Structural Analysis - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/the-ego-state-model.
4. What is TA? - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/what-ta-is
5. Cycles of Development - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/cycles-of-
developement-pamela-levin-transactional-analysis.
6. Stages of Cure - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/stages-of-cure.
7. Transactions - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/transactions-33677298.
8. Time Structuring - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/time-structuring.
9. Life Position - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/life-position.
10. Autonomy - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/autonomy-33690557.
11. Structural Pathology - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/structural-pathology.
12. Game Analysis - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/game-analysis-33725636.
13. Integrated Adult - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/integrated-adult.
14. Stroke Economy - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/stroke-economy-
33826702.