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IRJET- Realization and Execution of Sustainable Green Building Design in Chhattisgarh
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A Study on Eco-friendly Building Management with Respect to Feasibility of Im...
A Study on Eco-friendly Building Management with Respect to Feasibility of Im...
ASSESSMENT OF THE GREEN AND ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A...
ASSESSMENT OF THE GREEN AND ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A...
Detailed Comparative Case Study on Environmentally Sustainable Building
Detailed Comparative Case Study on Environmentally Sustainable Building
Green Management.pdf
Green Management.pdf
A Review Paper on Green Building Research
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Ijertv10n1spl 18
Ijertv10n1spl 18
IRJET- Planning and Designing of Residential Building by using Sustainable Ma...
IRJET- Planning and Designing of Residential Building by using Sustainable Ma...
Adoption of Green Building Practice in Commercial Properties in Lagos, Nigeria
Adoption of Green Building Practice in Commercial Properties in Lagos, Nigeria
THE ADVANTAGES OF USING SUSTAINABLE BUILDING DESIGN IN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE...
THE ADVANTAGES OF USING SUSTAINABLE BUILDING DESIGN IN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE...
Sustainable Green Building Concept
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Approaching Green Buildings Using Eco-Efficient Construction Materials A Revi...
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SHELTERING EMERGENCIES: DESIGN DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF TEMPORARY STRUCTURE
SHELTERING EMERGENCIES: DESIGN DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF TEMPORARY STRUCTURE
Green Building (Design Efficiency)
Green Building (Design Efficiency)
IRJET - Anlysis and Study of Existing Sustainable Building
IRJET - Anlysis and Study of Existing Sustainable Building
Urban Man and Climate in Buildings
Urban Man and Climate in Buildings
Microsoft Word International Seminar On Theorizi
Microsoft Word International Seminar On Theorizi
Effects of Sustainability Paradigm on Architecture
Effects of Sustainability Paradigm on Architecture
An Approach in the Direction of Green City Concept-''Sustainable Development'
An Approach in the Direction of Green City Concept-''Sustainable Development'
Use_of_sustainable_green_materials_in_construction.pdf
Use_of_sustainable_green_materials_in_construction.pdf
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A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
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Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
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Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
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IRJET Journal
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A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
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A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
IRJET Journal
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Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
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P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
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Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
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Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
IRJET Journal
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React based fullstack edtech web application
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A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
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A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
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IRJET Journal
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Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
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Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
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TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
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STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
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A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
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Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
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Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
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A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
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Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
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P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
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Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
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Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
React based fullstack edtech web application
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A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
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Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
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High-altitude bulk installation refers to the method of total assembling of small assembled units or loose parts directly in the design position, applicable to the installation of space structure such as space frame and reticulated shell.
Construction method of steel structure space frame .pptx
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wendy cai
List of Best Scientist Who Gives Big Contribution in Civil Engineering Filed, in this we provide how they Contribute in Civil Engineering filed, For Data Collection civilthings.com helps us a lot.
Top 13 Famous Civil Engineering Scientist
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fundamentals of drawing and difference between isometric and orthographic projection. Basic representation principles.
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The Project deals with the development of the computerized system for maintaining the regular records and services that are undertaken in the furniture business. This project titled "Web Based Integrated Furniture Showroom Management System" has been aimed to design and computerized system that can handle various activities are been carried out at the Furniture Showroom. This application has been developed using PHP Programming Language as its front end and the back end is MYSQL Server In the existing system all the activities and record maintenance of the furniture showroom are done manually by the manager. The Project deals with the development of the computerized system for maintaining the regular records and services that are undertaken in this most important and large business oriented furniture business. This Project also enables the users to perform all the day to day business operations in the furniture showroom business most efficiently.
Furniture showroom management system project.pdf
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Kamal Acharya
This document is by explosives industry in which document discussed manufacturing process and flow charts details by nitric acid and sulfuric acid and tetra benzene and step by step details of explosive industry explosives industry is produced raw materials and manufacture it by manufacturing process
Explosives Industry manufacturing process.pdf
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884710SadaqatAli
This is a assigned group presentation given by my Computer Science course teacher at Green University of Bangladesh, Bangladesh. My Presentation Topic was - Cloud Computing This group presentation includes the work Md. Shahidul Islam Prodhan, pages no 10 - 15. www.facebook.com/TheShahidul www.twitter.com/TheShahidul www.linkedin.com/TheShahidul
Cloud-Computing_CSE311_Computer-Networking CSE GUB BD - Shahidul.pptx
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Md. Shahidul Islam Prodhan
This portfolio contains selected projects I completed during my undergraduate studies. 2018 - 2023
Architectural Portfolio Sean Lockwood
Architectural Portfolio Sean Lockwood
seandesed
PHP and MySQL project on Hall Booking System is a web based project and it has been developed in PHP and MySQL and we can manage Payment, Booking, Inventory, Booking Dates, Customers and Hall from this project. The main objective to develop Hall Booking System PHP, MySQL, JAVA SCRIPT and BOOTSRAP Project is to overcome the manual errors and make a computerized system. In this project, there are various type of modules available to manage Customers, Booking, Payment. We can also generate reports for Booking, Payment, Booking Dates, Hall. Here the Payment module manage all the operations of Payment, Booking module can manage Booking, Inventory module is normally developed for managing Inventory, Booking Dates module manages Booking Dates operations, Customers module has been implemented to manage Customers. In this project all the modules like Payment, Booking Dates, Booking are tightly coupled and we can track the information easily. Ifyou are looking for Free Hall Booking System Project in PHP and MySQL then you can visit our free projects section. We can easily get the list of wedding halls & lawns in Nagpur. Also we have detailed contact information for some particular hall. But we cannot get the availability about hall. So background behind this web portal is that it gives the area wise listing of wedding halls & lawns with the detailed information of individual and also display for particular date the hall is available or not. Just dial is the system in which we can only find the name of Hall and Lawns in city. In just dial we cannot find Halls in specific area. This system cannot show all information about any Hall. This system is not able to book the Halls online. The A Web Based Hall Booking Management System is designed to overcome the disadvantage of previous system.We can easily get the list of Wedding Halls. But we cannot get the availability about Hall. So background behind this web portal is that it gives the area wise listing of Wedding Halls with the detailed information of individual and also display for particular date the Hall is available or not. This is a special type of web portal to easily get the information of all Wedding Halls in Nagpur which display separate calendar for separate Hall. For particular date the Hall. We can availability of Hall as well as Lawns detailed information about individuals Hall in our web portal . It provides all facilities to clients with lowest cost and lowest maintenance problems.
Hall booking system project report .pdf
Hall booking system project report .pdf
Kamal Acharya
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C Sai Kiran
Talk in the DevOpsPro Europe 2024 at Vilnius
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It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Courier management system project report.pdf
Courier management system project report.pdf
Kamal Acharya
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering. This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom. Author: Robbie Edward Sayers Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey. (C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
HYDROPOWER - Hydroelectric power generation
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Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024 This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Arya
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abh.arya
Data Analysis
IT-601 Lecture Notes-UNIT-2.pdf Data Analysis
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The project developers created a system entitled Resort Management and Reservation System; it will provide better management and monitoring of the services in every resort business, especially D’ Rock Resort. To accommodate those out-of-town guests who want to remain and utilize the resort's services, the proponents planned to automate the business procedures of the resort and implement the system. As a result, it aims to improve business profitability, lower expenses, and speed up the resort's transaction processing. The resort will now be able to serve those potential guests, especially during the high season. Using websites for faster transactions to reserve on your desired time and date is another step toward technological advancement. Customers don’t need to walk in and hold in line for several hours. There is no problem in converting a paper-based transaction online; it's just the system that will be used that will help the resort expand. Moreover, Gerard (2012) stated that “The flexible online information structure was developed as a tool for the reservation theory's two primary applications. Computer use is more efficient, accurate, and faster than a manual or present lifestyle of operation. Using a computer has a vital role in our daily life and the advantages of the devices we use.
RESORT MANAGEMENT AND RESERVATION SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdf
RESORT MANAGEMENT AND RESERVATION SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdf
Kamal Acharya
Introduction to Machine Learning
Introduction to Machine Learning Unit-5 Notes for II-II Mechanical Engineering
Introduction to Machine Learning Unit-5 Notes for II-II Mechanical Engineering
C Sai Kiran
This project is being considered in order to reduce and totally eliminate loss of customers to competitors, and save the company from folding up. The current system is manual and it is time consuming. It is also cost ineffective, and average return is low and diminishing. Currently, customers can call or walk-in in order to rent or reserve a vehicle. The staff of the company will check their file to see which vehicle is available for rental. The current system is error prone and customers are dissatisfied. The goal of this project is to automate vehicle rental and reservation so that customers do not need to walk-in or call in order to reserve a vehicle. They can go online and reserve any kind of vehicle they want and that is available. Even when a customer chooses to walk-in, computers are available for him to go online and perform his reservation. When he choose to reserve by phone, any of the customer service representatives can help him reserve the vehicle speedily and issue him a reservation number. The VRS will maintain the database of all vehicles the company has. It will also keep track of all vehicle reservation and return. Reports will be generated bi-weekly. Reports for the Accounts Manager will detail the cost incurred to maintain each vehicle and revenue accrued on each vehicle. Reports for the Maintenance Manager will detail the present mileage of the car in order for him to take care of the vehicle servicing, and when each vehicle will be due for tag renewal. The Branch Manager’s report will detail total cost incurred and total revenue accrued, and the status of each vehicle so that he can decide whether to sell the vehicle or still keep it.
ONLINE VEHICLE RENTAL SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdf
ONLINE VEHICLE RENTAL SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdf
Kamal Acharya
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.
PrashantGoswami42
The export maintenance system is a fully featured application that can help we manage fruit delivery business and achieve more control and information at a very low cost of total ownership. A fruit export maintains automatically monitors purchase, sales, supplier information. The system includes receiving fruit from the different supplier. Customer order is placed in the system, based on the order fruit has been sales to the customer. The report contains the details about product, purchase, sales, stock, and invoice. The main objective of this project is to computerize the company activities and to provide details about the production process at the fruit export maintenance system. The demand of fresh fruit fruits and processed food items in international and domestic market has shown a decent increase. This estimation is creating a necessity for growing more and more fruit fruits to cater the growing demand of domestic & international market. The customers effectively and hence help for establishing good relation between customer and fruit shop organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining fruit and stock information accurately and safely. When the fruits are sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting fruits for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item. The proposed project is developed to manage the fruit shop in the fruits for shop. The first module is the login. The admin should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
Fruit shop management system project report.pdf
Fruit shop management system project report.pdf
Kamal Acharya
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Construction method of steel structure space frame .pptx
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Top 13 Famous Civil Engineering Scientist
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Furniture showroom management system project.pdf
Furniture showroom management system project.pdf
Explosives Industry manufacturing process.pdf
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Cloud-Computing_CSE311_Computer-Networking CSE GUB BD - Shahidul.pptx
Cloud-Computing_CSE311_Computer-Networking CSE GUB BD - Shahidul.pptx
Architectural Portfolio Sean Lockwood
Architectural Portfolio Sean Lockwood
Hall booking system project report .pdf
Hall booking system project report .pdf
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Introduction to Machine Learning Unit-4 Notes for II-II Mechanical Engineering
2024 DevOps Pro Europe - Growing at the edge
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Courier management system project report.pdf
Courier management system project report.pdf
HYDROPOWER - Hydroelectric power generation
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ONLINE VEHICLE RENTAL SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdf
ONLINE VEHICLE RENTAL SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdf
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.
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Fruit shop management system project report.pdf
Fruit shop management system project report.pdf
IRJET- Realization and Execution of Sustainable Green Building Design in Chhattisgarh
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 722 REALIZATION AND EXECUTION OF SUSTAINABLE GREEN BUILDING DESIGN IN CHHATTISGARH Pranav Dubey1, Prashant Chandrakar2, Sumeet Kumar Kariyare3, Gaurav Sonkar4 1, 2, 3Student, Dept. of Energy and Environmental Engineering, UTD, CSVTU, Chhattisgarh, India 4Assist. Prof., Dept. of Energy and Environmental Engineering, UTD, CSVTU, Chhattisgarh, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Rapid increase in population and growth in Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP), has given rise to a vast demand for buildings in Chhattisgarh, with a subsequent pressure on convenience of resources. To be sustainable, the environmental pressures of inflated demand for resources coupled with a rapidly changing climate are need to be addressed. With an overall objective to optimize resource consumption, minimize greenhouse gas emissions, enhance renewable and recycle resources by the building sector. TERI has developed the national rating system GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) for green buildings, approved by Government of India in 2007. Apart from GRIHA, Confederation of Indian Industry formed IGBC (Indian Green Building Council) in the year 2001. IGBC (itself a LEED certified Green building) is the non-profit research institution, and has licensed the LEED Green Building Standard from the USGBC. This phenomenological study, explores awareness and realization of sustainable green building design in Chhattisgarh. Architects from various geographical regions were interviewed. All were familiar with sustainable green building design. However, none felt “well-versed.” They believed lack of client awareness and materials were the major problems encountered. Although, a vast majority of them willing to promote sustainable green building design. This study revealed an urgent need in Chhattisgarh for education and promotion of ecological responsibility at a micro level through green design and sustainable development at a macro level. Key Words: Sustainable, TERI, GRIHA, Green Building, IGBC, LEED, BEE. 1. INTRODUCTION Ever-increasing extent of the environment is dominated by structures that constitute visible cultural landscape of everyday life, forming a complex pattern of function and meaning in which people’s perception of the world, their attitudes, and sense of relationships with it are closely interrelated. With the global warming phenomena having a profound effect on planet Earth, there is a significant need in both developed/developing areas to address environmental concerns, so that not just the ecology but also human societies have a better chance of coping with environmental change. While environmental protection tends to mean high-tech energy efficient systems and recycled materials. It is the responsibility of the design community to not only practice design within the context of the natural environment but also to educate people from other disciplines about the adverse effect of bad design on health, safety, and welfare of people and planet Earth.[1] 1.1 Background The relationship between human beings and nature is very complex. This complex interaction between humans and environment is nicely taken by the observation of architect Lars Lerup, “We design things and things design us” [1]. Nature was considered a force stronger than mankind. However, the burden technology placed on the environment now threatens survival of the planet. People and technology must respect and nurture the ecology, if the progress of the 21th century is to continue. This concern for the global ecology was expressed by the UN’s Commission on Environment and Development when they stated, "humanity has the ability to make development sustainable; to ensure that it meets the needs of the present interfering with the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" [2]. The responsibility of maintaining the right balance between the needs of 21st century societies and limits established by nature lays with people in various design disciplines. Design practitioners, including those in architecture and interior design, could be taught the art and science of planning, designing, and constructing the built environment within ecological constraints. As creative problem-solvers, design practitioners are concerned with a) How buildings function and respond to their users’ needs and safety? b) How their construction impacts local building sites and geographic regions? c) How their built environment respects the global environment and finite natural resources? The reciprocal relationship between the designed and natural environments is one of the most critical issues facing the fraternity of design professionals. This emphasizes a holistic approach to programming, planning, designing, and constructing buildings and sites
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 723 that enable sustainability for both humans and the natural environment [3]. 1.2 Statement of the Problem The United States Environmental Protection Agency (2002) has ranked sick buildings as one of the top five environmental threats to human health. The use of toxic substances and materials results in inferior, dangerous indoor air quality. Conventional buildings often exhibit sick building syndrome and because they are wasteful of water, energy, and materials. Green buildings, new or retrofitted, are the cornerstones of human scale neighborhoods. They are designed for passive solar heating and cooling with efficient HVAC (Heating, Venting, and Air conditioning) systems. They offer abundant natural light and a connection to seasonal rhythms. When possible, they produce & store their own renewable energy. Use non-toxic materials, furnishings, finishes that greatly enhance indoor air quality. Designing Sustainable Green buildings is the only rational decision from an economic standpoint. According to a study by the American Medical Association and the United States Army [4], poor indoor air quality costs about 150 million lost workdays and $15 billion in lost productivity. People's health, safety, and welfare are inherently linked to the built and natural environment. Because of this designing green buildings and creating sustainable development globally, especially in developing countries like India, is essential. 1.3 Significance of the Study India's business process, outsourcing sector has been growing significantly every year since the last decade. These gives business opportunities to its state (like Chhattisgarh). With more and more service and other jobs being sent to Chhattisgarh, there has been a boom in the construction industry to meet the demand for office spaces to accommodate the incoming workforce. It therefore becomes critical to apply sustainable design principles during the construction of various computer based industries, commercial offices, customer services, manufacturing plants, and residential complexes, etc. In order to do this, the architects and designers need to have a clear understanding of the current environmental and health problems as an effect of not implementing green design concepts. When buildings provide their own energy, purify their own wastes, participate in a cyclical flow of materials, and are flooded with natural light and fresh air, making people feel fully alive, there will be an improved balance between humans and nature and a much healthier planet and happier populace [1]. 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The World Commission on Environmental Development was established by the United Nations in 1987. The main purpose of this commission was to act as a bridge between isolated internal conservationists and the international possibilities of sustainable green design. Sustainable development involves the paths of social, economic, and political progress that “meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” [5]. In this study, one of the important needs, the need for shelter and housing, is considered in detail, leading to the concept of sustainable design and the development of green buildings. The word “sustain” in sustainable design highlights the need to design a productive environment with minimum impact on available natural resources. According to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary [6], design means to create, fashion, execute, or construct according to plan. The word "design" can be used as a verb (meaning a process or an action) and a noun (connoting the result of a process). The word "design" in this context encompasses a building’s life from preconstruction, construction, occupancy, and finally decommissioning. According to EPA (Environmental Protection Agency, 2000): - 42% of energy, 30% of raw materials, and 25% of water consumption can be attributed to buildings. - 40% of air pollution, 25% of solid waste, and 20% of wastewater are building-related. This demonstrates the significant impact buildings have on the environment. The building sector of the economy includes the acquisition of raw materials, production of building materials, transportation, construction, and the day-to-day operation and maintenance of buildings. These activities represent the prime sources of environmental pollution and impact. Hence buildings, in general, represent a significant opportunity to reduce the associated environmental impact and to contribute to the overall sustainable development of society. 2.1 Elements of Sustainable Green Design Sustainable green design is the thoughtful integration of architecture and interior design as well as electrical, mechanical, and structural engineering components. The Rocky Mountain Institute [7], outlines five important elements for sustainable green design: - Planning and design should be thorough because early decisions have the greatest impact on energy efficiency, passive solar design, day lighting, and natural cooling.
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of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 724 - Sustainable green design is more of a philosophy of building than a prescriptive building style. - Sustainable green design don't have to cost more, nor be more complicated, than traditional construction. - Integrated design, with each component considered part of a greater whole, is critical to successful sustainable green design. - Promoting human health, energy conservation, and ecological systems features, the design of the building envelope, and protection of user’s health and well-being through interior design, as well as mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems, are the key elements. 2.2 Principles of Sustainable Green Design Sustainably designed buildings intend to lessen their impact on the environment through energy and resource efficiency. It is imperative to understand the governing principles of sustainable green design before analyzing its relevance & perception in different parts of the world [8]: Understanding place: Sustainable green design begins with an intimate understanding and recognition of the nuances of place. Understanding place helps determine various design practices such as solar orientation of a building on site, preservation of the natural environment, access to public transportation, and specification of local materials for finishes and furnishings. Understanding the relationship with nature: Buildings relationship with natural environment helps to create effective design, such as urban/rural setting and connection of inside and outside. Understanding natural processes: In nature there is no waste, and the by-product of one organism becomes the food for another. Replicating natural cycles and processes can bring the designed environment to life. Understanding environmental impact: By evaluating site, embodied energy and toxicity of the materials, energy efficiency of design, materials, and construction techniques, we can mitigate the negative effects of construction. Understanding co-creativity: Collaboration of systems consultants, engineers, and other experts, as well as listening to the voices of local communities, creates a synergy in designing buildings. Understanding people: Sustainable green design must take into consideration a wide range of cultures, races, religions, and habits of the people who are going to be using and inhabiting the built environment. This requires sensitivity and empathy to the needs of the people and the community. 2.3 Sustainability in India During the 1992 Earth Summit at Rio de Janeiro, one of the key issues addressed was global consensus and political commitment at the highest level regarding sustainable development and the environment [2]. India was one of the key contributors to the convention and policymaking, since this conformed with the values that are enshrined in the Indian constitution (Part IV Directive Principles of State Policy, Section 38, 48A and 51A, from The Constitution and Environment, Government of India). 2.4 Dimensions of Sustainability Success of sustainable green design in any country in terms of improved perception, relevance, and application depends heavily on the economic, environmental, and social dimensions. These three dimensions affect the way people perceive and use sustainability in their environment (see Figure 1). Figure 1: Model of Human Well-being Human well-being is dependent upon the relationships of Environmental Sustainability, Economic Sustainability, and Social Sustainability [8]. As explained by Samuel Mock Bee of Auburn University (2002), sustainable green design involves a combination of values: aesthetic, environmental, social, political, and moral. The smart designer must think rationally about a combination of issues including sustainability, economic constraints, durability, longevity, appropriateness of materials, and creation of a sense of place. The challenge is finding the balance among these issues within the context of sustainable green cultural norms and value. Environmental Sustainability Sopcial SustainabilityEconomy Sustainability
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of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 725 Stages in Sustainable Design Development Planning Process 1. Site selection and planning 2. Budget planning 3. Capital planning 4. Program planning Design Process 1. Client awareness and goal setting 2. Green visions, project goals, and green criteria 3. Team development 4. Well-integrated design 5. Resource management 6. Performance goals Operation & Maintenance 1. Commissioning of building systems 2. Building operation 3. Maintenance practices 4. Renovation 5. Demolition Figure 2: Tasks during each stage in the life cycle of a green building Figure 2, [8] explains the various pre-construction and post-construction stages of building design. 2.5 Factors for Sustainable Green Design Efficient design, in sustainable green building must consider the following five critical factors: site, energy, materials, water, and waste [4]. Site Selection: With an appropriate relationship between the natural and built environment, solar energy can be harvested to reduce the use of non-renewable resources for energy production. A good passive solar building requires more than good design and quality construction. The best-designed solar building will not work unless it is placed properly on a building site, one that allows solar access [9]. A passive solar house is designed and oriented in such a way as to take the maximum advantage of the sun. Most parts of India (Chhattisgarh) get 300 days of sunshine a year, and this makes the state a very promising place for solar energy utilization. The Indian government is also promoting direct use of solar energy, in the form of solar water heaters, solar cookers, solar pump and solar pv system. There has been some use of solar energy in individual residences [10]. Expanded use of sustainable green design principles in India would prove to be extremely beneficial to both people and the government of India. Energy Efficiency: The benefits of the energy-efficient siting and design of buildings are saving money, reducing fuel poverty, and reducing resource exploitation and emissions. Ideally every new development should have an explicit energy strategy, setting out how these benefits are to be achieved [10]. Total (direct & indirect) energy use of Indian households was more than 70 percent of all energy used in the country [11]. India annually consumes about three percent of the world's total energy. The country is the world's third largest energy consumer (Global Energy Statistical Yearbook 2017), and is, in fact, a net energy importer. Continued economic development and population growth will increase the demand for energy faster than India can produce it. India's electricity sector currently faces capacity problems, poor reliability, and frequent blackouts. Moreover, an industrial city's power supply is one of the biggest limitations to progress. The shortfall means the country will increasingly have to look to foreign sources of energy [12]. Design and construction of energy efficient buildings would, therefore, go a long way in solving the energy problems faced by India and other developing countries. Materials: Since the time of cave dwellers, humans have been using building materials for shelter. The earliest buildings were made from non-toxic, energy efficient materials that could be recycled back into the natural environment after their useful life as shelter. Variation in form and selection of materials for building construction has always been dependent upon the local environment. In the early days of civilization, stone, wood, mud, and other organic materials were readily available and were used routinely. These basic techniques are still being used in developing countries [13]. With the advent of new manufacturing methods, during the industrial revolution, advanced societies learned to manufacture building materials ranging from steel to plastic and could easily transport them around the world [14]. However, economic conditions and energy shortages are leading to a new evaluation of the raw materials required by building construction [13]. Water: Water is an essential ingredient for human activity and an important environmental concern. Improvement of water quality and conservation of water resources is therefore of utmost concern and a crucial factor in designing sustainable green buildings [14]. The Indian Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was promulgated as early as 1974. The Act prohibited discharge of pollutants into the bodies of water beyond a given standard and also prescribed penalties for
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of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 726 noncompliance. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1977 provided for a levy on excess water consumed by industries and local municipalities to augment the monetary resources for regulatory authorities [12]. Waste: The first goal for more sustainable sewage systems is to reduce the amount of effluent that needs to be treated in the first place by introducing water efficient plumbing fixtures. This would significantly reduce chemical and energy use as well as operational costs in a building. In India, governmental services and industrial waste disposal facilities have not been able to keep pace with the growing population and rapid industrialization. As a result, India faces serious challenges regarding disposal of solid waste, hazardous waste, biomedical waste, and radioactive waste in an environmentally sound manner [12]. In the last ten years, a framework of laws, rules, research, and institutions have emerged to meet this challenge. The Environment Protection Act has been used to issue notifications that tighten the rules for management of waste, assignment of institutional responsibility, enhancement of resources for waste disposal, and specification standards for sites and treatment of pollutants [12]. 2.6 Summary of Sustainable Green Design in Chhattisgarh Though the concept of sustainable green has thrived for many decades in India due to concerns for resource utilization, rapidly progressing growth & modernization has led to increased problems in urban development and subsequent environmental problems [12]. There are numerous books, reports, and journal articles written on the subject of overall sustainable development, resource utilization, poverty alleviation, and sustainable green agriculture in India. However, no information regarding the realization and execution implementation of sustainable green design in Chhattisgarh was identified in an extensive search of the literature. 3. RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY The research method implemented is a phenomenological study using unstructured interviews for data collection. 3.1Research Overview Data from a survey of architects' realization and execution of sustainable green design in Chhattisgarh was gathered from phone interviews with architects in major cities in Chhattisgarh. The sample was purposefully selected to include architects in cities from four chapters of the Indian Institute of Architects. Although the interview was unstructured, the following topics were addressed in each interview: Architect's realization of sustainable green design, clients' awareness of sustainable green design, and perceived barriers to sustainable green design and construction. The survey was conducted in May 2018. Research Questions: - What is the architect's realization of sustainable green design in India? - Are clients aware of the importance of sustainable green design in India? - Do architects make a conscious effort to promote sustainability? - What are the various challenges faced during the process of designing a sustainable green building in India? Table 1 Identification of variables and attributes 3.2 Population & Sample Selection The study population was 55 architects who were members of the Organization of Indian Institute of Architects or reputated civil engineer. The sample included architects from four different regions (northern, western, southern, and eastern), thereby drawing the sample from the geographic domain. Architects who practice in major cities of Chhattisgarh were purposefully selected. An equal number of architect (n=5) were selected for each of 11 cities; Jagdalpur, Rajnandgaon, Durg-Bhilai, Raipur, Raigarh, Bilaspur, Ambikapur, Korba, Champa, Kondagaun, Baikunthpur. However, 15 refused to take the phone call and 20 refused to participate, indicating that they were too busy to take the time. 20 architects completed the interview, for a response rate of
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of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 727 36.36%. It is important to note that in Chhattisgarh, interior design is not a profession; interiors are designed by architects. Therefore architects, not interior designers, composed the theoretical and study population. 3.3 Data Collection Telephone interviews were used to gather information about awareness and architects and client's attitudes and practices regarding sustainable green design, as well as demographic data. A first round of phone calls was made to the members of the Indian Institute of Architects in May 2018, to invite the architects to take part in the survey. The project was explained in detail and its importance was emphasized. Cooperation was requested and confidentiality was assured. It was made clear to them that they could choose to not participate, to not answer any question, or to withdraw without negative consequences. The participants were introduced: “As an architect in a major city, you would have faced numerous challenges designing structures and spaces. We are interested in knowing your opinion about designing a sustainable green building or space and the challenges faced during the process of design. Your responses will help assist educators, the design community, and the public understand the prevalence of sustainable green design in Chhattisgarh." A second round of phone calls, at a time agreed upon by the participants, was made to conduct the interviews. And at the end, thanks and appreciation were expressed for their willingness to participate. 3.4 Data Analysis Qualitative and quantitative analysis methods were used to identify similarities, differences, and frequency of responses in order to achieve an understanding of sustainable green design in Chhattisgarh. Qualitative Elaboration Model [15] was used as the interpretation method to understand the relationship between two variables through simultaneous induction of additional variables. 3.5 Descriptive Analysis of Data Participants were asked the following questions in order to better understand their responses to the research questions. As indicated by the mode, the typical participant was a male architect who lived in the southern region and had been in practice for more than 20 years. The demographics of the participants were as indicated in Table 2. Table 2.Demographic characteristics of participants Gender Years in Practice Geographic Region 95% Male (n=19) 5% Female (n=1) 25% <5 years (n=4) 15% 5-10 years (n=6) 20% 11-20 years (n=5) 40% >20 years (n=5) 30% North 20% South 25% East 25% West Research Questions What do you think is most important in a design equation: Environment, Cost, Performance, or Aesthetics? Data indicated 50% of the architects interviewed from the northern part of Chhattisgarh said that environment was the most important factor to be considered when designing a building, 25% said performance was the most important factor, and 25% said cost was most important. In the southern part, 83% of the architects considered environment to be the important factor and 17% considered performance to the most important factor when designing a building. In the eastern, 60% of architects considered cost and 40% considered the environment to be the most important factor when designing a building. In the western, all architects rated environment as the leading factor to be considered while designing a structure. When considered as a whole, 70% said environment, 25% said cost, 10% said performance, and 5% said aesthetics were most important in a design equation. See Table 4. There was no statistically significant difference among regions (p=0.62) as to which factor was most important. However, it is reassuring that almost three-fourths consider the environment to be the most important factor. Table 3.Important factors in design equation Geographic Location Percentage Important Factors in Design North South East West 50% (n=2) 25% (n=1) 25% (n=1) 83% (n=5) 17% (n=1) 60% (n=3) 40% (n=2) 100% (n=5) Environment Performance Cost Environment Performance Cost Environment Environment Are you aware of the concept of sustainable green design?
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of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 728 Data indicated that irrespective of the geographic location of the respondents, everyone was "familiar with the concept of sustainable green design" (see Table 4). However, no one indicated that they had a "thorough understanding" of sustainable green design. Table 4.Concept of sustainable green design Geographic Location Familiar with the sustainable green design concept North (n=4) South (n=6) East (n=5) West (n=5) 100% 100% 100% 100% How important do you think it is for architects to learn about sustainable green design? Data indicated that irrespective of the geographic location, every respondent felt that it was very important. See Table 5. Table 5.Importance of sustainable green design Geographic Location Importance of sustainable green designs North (n=4) South (n=6) East (n=5) West (n=5) 100% 100% 100% 100% What are the problems faced during the process of designing a sustainable green building in Chhattisgarh? Most architects thought the major problem they would encounter when designing a sustainable green building was clients' lack of awareness (n=9; 45%). Materials used was rated as most major problem by 20% (n=4) of the architects. Energy efficiency and site selection were rated as the most major problems in designing a sustainable green building by 25% (n=5) and 10% (n=2) of the architects. See Figure 3. Figure 3.Problems of Sustainable green building designing Does the architects' years of experience correlate with realization of challenges faced during design of a sustainable green building? Four-fifths(80%) of respondents with less than five years experience said lack of client awareness was the major problem faced in the design of a sustainable building, while one-fifth(20%) of this group said, major problem was the materials that were used for construction and/or interiors. For respondents with five to ten years of experience: two-thirds (67%) said it was the lack of client awareness and one-third (33%) said the major problem was the materials used. Half(50%) of architects with eleven to twenty years experience said lack of client awareness was the problem, and half (50%) said it was the materials used. For respondents with twenty or more years of experience: 62.5% said it was the energy efficiency, one-fourth (25%) said it was site selection that was their biggest challenge and one-eighth (12.5%) said it was the lack of client awareness. The Chi square analysis indicated there was not a statistically significant difference between the architects' experience and realization of potential problem faced during the design of a sustainable green design building. See Table 6. Table 6.Potential challenge encountered in sustainable green design with respect to years of practice. Years of practice Challenges <5 5 to 10 11 to 20 >20 Site 25% (n = 2) Materials used 20% (n = 1) 33% (n = 1) 50% (n = 2) - Client Awareness 80% (n = 4) 67% (n = 2) 50% (n = 2) 12.5% (n = 1) Energy Efficiency - - - 62.5% (n = 5) It is interesting that only architects with more than 20 years experience consider energy efficiency or site selection to be a problem and consider materials to be non-problematic. However, there was not a statistically significant difference among the group (p=0.552). Does the architect's field of concentration correlate with realization of major challenge when designing a sustainable green design building? Among architects with residential design as their field of concentration, site and lack of client awareness were rated by 33% (n=2) each, 17% (n=1) thought the major problem they would encounter when designing a sustainable green building was energy efficiency, and 17% (n=1) rated materials used as major problem. 10% 20% 25% 45% Problems of sustainable green building design Site Materials used Energy Efficiency
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of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 729 Among architects with multipurpose design as their field of concentration, lack of client awareness was rated as the major problem by 50% (n=2) of the respondents. Energy efficiency and materials used were rated as the major problem by 25% (n=1) each. Among architects with religious or institutional design as their field of concentration, 50% (n=5) rated site as a major problem. Energy efficiency and lack of client awareness were rated by 30% (n=3) and 20% (n=2) respectively. See Table 7. The Chi square analysis indicated there was not a statistically significant differences between the architects' experience and their field of concentration (p=0.05). Table 7.Potential challenge encountered in sustainable green design with respect to field of concentration. How did you learn about sustainable green design? Table 8.Source of sustainable green Design Information Geographic Location Percentage Design information North 25% (n - 3) Articles & Books 75% (n - 1) Seminars South 17% (n - 1) Articles & Books 83% (n - 5) Seminars East 100% (n - 5) Seminars West 100% (n - 5) Seminars The vast majority, 80% (n=16) of respondents, said that they gained knowledge of sustainable green design by reading books and articles. Only 20% (n=4) learned about the sustainable green concept from seminars. No one responded that they learned during the course of their education or from a colleague or supervisor. See Table 8. Are you willing to promote sustainable green design? Data indicated that 100% of respondents in the Northern, Eastern, and Western parts of Chhattisgarh were willing to promote sustainable design. Eighty-three percent of respondents in Southern Chhattisgarh were willing. Table 9 shows the willingness of the architects in Chhattisgarh to promote sustainable green design. However, some had made a conscious effort to do so. Table 9.Willingness to promote sustainable green Design Geographic Location Architects willing to Promote sustainable green Design Architects who Promoted sustainable green Design North (n - 4) 100% (n - 4) 25% South (n - 6) 83% (n - 5) 16% East (n - 5) 100% (n - 5) 40% West (n - 5) 100% (n - 5) 20% Do you think there are sufficient government incentives to practice sustainable green design? Analysis of data showed that all (100%; n=20) of the respondents felt the government incentives provided to architects to practice and promote sustainable green design in Chhattisgarh were insufficient. See Table 10. Table 10.Incentives to Practice sustainable green Design Geograp hic Location Percentage Government incentives Government regulations and policies North 100% (n - 4) Insufficient Insufficient South 100% (n - 6) Insufficient Insufficient East 100% (n - 5) Insufficient Insufficient West 100% (n - 5) Insufficient Insufficient In a developing country like India, where there is rapid depletion of natural resources, it is clear that the government has not taken necessary steps, to recognize, support, and promote sustainable green design. All the respondents rated the government regulations and policies as insufficient. 4. SUMMARY & RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE RESEARCH WORK Summary Purpose of this study was to explore the awareness and realizations of sustainable green design among a sample of architects in Chhattisgarh. The research provided a better understanding of the various challenges faced when designing a sustainable green building. The research paradigm was qualitative. The research method implemented was a phenomenological study using unstructured interviews for data collection. Phone interviews with architects in eleven cities of Chhattisgarh provided data regarding architects' realization and execution of sustainable design. All of the respondents interviewed during this research project said that the knowledge of sustainable green design is a very important requirement for architects in a developing country like India. None felt that they had a "thorough
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of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 730 understanding" of sustainable green design although they were all familiar with sustainable green design. It was clear that the respondents felt that "lack of client awareness" was the major challenges faced during the design of a sustainable green building. All of the architects were willing to promote sustainable green design. However, none of the respondents had done anything to promote sustainable green. All participants agreed that government incentives were inadequate. Although it can be said that the participants believed the future is more promising. Recommendations for Future Action The government of Chhattisgarh could play a more effective and active role in the promotion of sustainable green design by recognizing the efforts of architects who practice sustainable green design. Introducing various incentives to increase the number of architects practicing sustainable green design could hasten the adoption of the concept. Newspapers and Digital media could be used to educate the public about the danger to the environment due to rapid depletion of natural resources and pollution of both air and water. Seminars and workshops could be offered to educate clients about the positive aspects of sustainable green design. In order to increase the number of sustainable green designed buildings, tax breaks could be given to clients who choose to have a sustainable green building built and to architects who build them. Lastly, sustainable green design concepts could be introduced and/or emphasized in the college curriculum in architectural and design schools. Competitions could showcase both innovative sustainable green design and the programs that consider sustainable green an essential part of the academic curriculum. National & International communication could be enhanced by encouraging joint research, academic exchanges, and practitioner symposium. Recommendation for Future Research The Indian Institute of Architects is an organization with more than 20,000 members. To increase the scope of the study, independent architects could be interviewed. Focus groups of architects living various geographic regions, with a range of demographic characteristics, could be studied to gain a better understanding of the extent of sustainable green knowledge in India & it’s states (like Chhattisgarh). A sample of students and/or faculty from various educational organizations could be interviewed to better understand the role academic organizations are playing in the promotion of sustainable green design. 5. CONCLUSION The Department of Energy, United States [16] has ranked "sick buildings" as one of the top five environmental threats to human health. In conclusion, India, as a developing nation, needs to understand the global environmental concerns of the 21st century and be aware of the role it can play in a campaign to preserve and enhance natural resources for future generations. The general public must be educated as to current problems and potential solutions. Architects need to study sustainable green design and promote environmentally responsible design decisions to protect the health and welfare of the populace on a micro-level and the health and welfare of global ecosystems on a macro-level. REFERENCES 1. L. (Ed.). Krasner, Environmental design and human behavior: A psychology of the individual in society. New York: Pergamon Press, 1980. 2. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (1992). Report of the United Nations conference on environment and development at Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved February 1, 2004. http://www.un.org/documents/ga/conf151/aconf1 5126-1annex1.htm 3. Government of India, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research. Annual Report 2000-2001. New Delhi: Government of India, 2001. 4. Stuart. Cowan, Ecological Design, Washington, DC: Island Press, 1995. 5. United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development (1987). Our common future by Brundland Commission. Retrieved March 15, 2004.http://www.are.admin.ch/are/en/nachhaltig/ international_uno/unterseite02330/ 6. Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary. (2004), Retrieved March 20, 2004. http://63.240.197.88/game/ 7. Rocky Mountain Institute, Green development: Integrating Ecology and Real Estate. New York: John Wiley, 1998. 8. Sustainable architecture and building design (1996). Retrieved March 10, 2004. http://www.arch.hku.hk/research/BEER/sustain.ht m
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of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 731 9. M. McGowan,” Specifying interiors: A guide to construction and FF&E for commercial interior projects”, New York: John Wiley, 1996, pp. 45–47. 10. K. Lynch, Site Planning, The MIT Press: 3rd edition, 1984. 11. Government of India, Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited, Annual Report 2000- 2001. New Delhi: Government of India, 2001. 12. Government of India, Ministry of Environment and Forest. Annual Report 1999-2000. New Delhi: Government of India, 2002. 13. F. A. Stitt, Ecological design handbook: Sustainable strategies for architecture, landscape architecture, interior design, and planning. New York: McGraw- Hill, 1999. 14. E. Babbie, The Practice of Social Research. Wadsworth Publishing, 2003. 15. United States Department of Energy. (2002). Retrieved March 9, 2004. http://www.energy.gov/
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