The document discusses the principles of green or sustainable construction. It describes how green buildings aim to reduce environmental impact through principles like efficient energy and water use, indoor air quality, and use of sustainable materials. The key points are:
1) Green buildings aim to reduce environmental impacts across the entire building lifecycle from planning to demolition.
2) Standards like LEED provide frameworks to evaluate green buildings based on factors like energy use, emissions, and indoor environmental quality.
3) Green building principles include efficient design, renewable energy/water systems, non-toxic materials, and good indoor air quality to benefit both the environment and occupants.
One of the most common issues on the word right now is green building technology, with the goal of reducing the development industry's various negative effects on the environment, society, and economy. Because pollution and global warming are quickly expanding over the planet, the world urgently requires a sustainable and reasonable development. Because of the increase in Green House Gases (GHGs), dramatic climatical differences occurring everyday have been noted and are being faced by almost everyone all over the world. Within settled countries such as the United States of America, Russia, Australia, and the United Kingdom, there have already been rigorous steps taken to achieve workable development, as well as rules and regulations enacted by their respective governments to assist and accomplish a workable and environmentally approachable development of their countries. However, emerging countries such as India, China, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and others are dragging in terms of founding supportable growth and environmentally friendly structures. In addition, there is a deficiency of public understanding about this worldwide issue in these emerging countries. According to surveys and study, these countries are also far behind schedule the established nations of the world. This article discusses the need for maintainable growth around the world, particularly in emerging countries such as India and China, which have enormous land-living masses and are fast emerging, with the potential to become new global superpowers in the near future. It also includes sustainable and monetary research with connections to Indian contexts, as well as a recent live instance study of a freshly built and constructed luxurious housing home in a densely populated area of India. The case study is a inhabited house that is planned and built as a sustainable and green structure in an extremely community inside the state of Maharashtra, India, as India is also known as a country of villages with the world's second largest population. According to India's 2012 census, 69.84 percent of the population, or 869.17 million people, live in 6,47,861 distinct villages. By using straightforward, simple, and cost-effective strategies, this study will assist Indian communities and residential buildings in becoming more sustainable and greener.
م.15
الزملاء الأفاضل
نرحب بحضراتكم مع
مبادرة #تواصل_تطوير
المحاضرة الخامسة عشرة من المبادرة مع
الاستاذ الدكتور/ مصطفى إسماعيل
الوكيل الأسبق لكلية هندسة المطرية جامعة حلوان
ورئيس الفريق الاستشاري الإستراتيجيات إدارة المخلفات
بعنوان
"Waste Management Vision For Future"
التاسعة مساء بتوقيت مكة المكرمة الأربعاء 03يونيو2020
https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZ0ucuqqqDwrHNSHcQPNCoV1RQ1z7g56rXp7
علما ان هناك بث مباشر للمحاضرة على القنوات الخاصة بجمعية المهندسين المصريين
ونأمل أن نوفق في تقديم ما ينفع المهندس ومهمة الهندسة في عالمنا العربي
والله الموفق
للتواصل مع إدارة المبادرة عبر قناة تيليجرام
الرابط
https://t.me/EEAKSA
ومتابعة المبادرة والبث المباشر عبر نوافذنا المختلفة
رابط اللينكدان والمكتبة الالكترونية
www.linkedin.com/company/eeaksa-egyptian-engineers-association/
رابط قناة الفيسبوك
https://www.facebook.com/EEAKSA
رابط قناة اليوتيوب
https://www.youtube.com/user/EEAchannal
رابط التسجيل العام للمحاضرات
https://forms.gle/vVmw7L187tiATRPw9
Unit vi Green buildings and Energy and Environementsandeep korake
It describes concept and importance of green building as a part of sustainable development. It also describes different types of energy sources and its impact on environment.
This lecture will address the processes and tools used to determine the "greenness" of products and materials typically used in the construction process. We will begin with a brief discussion of Embodied Energy as a central factor in Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), one of the primary methods for judging a material\'s sustainability. We will then present some simple tools and techniques that allow for the practical application of these concepts to the materials selection process. Primary criteria for judging the "best in class" in specific product categories will also be discussed, as well as sources of supply. This lecture is intended as a general introduction to the green materials selection process.
LEED for Commercial Interiors
LEED for Commercial Interiors is the green benchmark for the tenant improvement market.
LEED for Commercial Interiors is the recognized system for certifying high-performance green tenant spaces that are healthy, productive places to work; are less costly to operate and maintain; and have a reduced environmental footprint. It gives tenants and designers, who do not always have control over whole building operations, the power to make sustainable choices. Making these choices during tenant improvements and interior renovations can dramatically affect the indoor environment.
This rating system was developed specifically for tenants in commercial and institutional buildings who lease their space or don’t occupy the entire building.
LEED for Commercial Interiors was designed to work hand-in-hand with the LEED for Core & Shell rating system, used by developers to certify the core and shell of a project and prepare the building for environmentally conscious tenants.
Global Alternative Compliance Paths are available for this rating system.
Links:-
LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System
LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Checklist
One of the most common issues on the word right now is green building technology, with the goal of reducing the development industry's various negative effects on the environment, society, and economy. Because pollution and global warming are quickly expanding over the planet, the world urgently requires a sustainable and reasonable development. Because of the increase in Green House Gases (GHGs), dramatic climatical differences occurring everyday have been noted and are being faced by almost everyone all over the world. Within settled countries such as the United States of America, Russia, Australia, and the United Kingdom, there have already been rigorous steps taken to achieve workable development, as well as rules and regulations enacted by their respective governments to assist and accomplish a workable and environmentally approachable development of their countries. However, emerging countries such as India, China, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and others are dragging in terms of founding supportable growth and environmentally friendly structures. In addition, there is a deficiency of public understanding about this worldwide issue in these emerging countries. According to surveys and study, these countries are also far behind schedule the established nations of the world. This article discusses the need for maintainable growth around the world, particularly in emerging countries such as India and China, which have enormous land-living masses and are fast emerging, with the potential to become new global superpowers in the near future. It also includes sustainable and monetary research with connections to Indian contexts, as well as a recent live instance study of a freshly built and constructed luxurious housing home in a densely populated area of India. The case study is a inhabited house that is planned and built as a sustainable and green structure in an extremely community inside the state of Maharashtra, India, as India is also known as a country of villages with the world's second largest population. According to India's 2012 census, 69.84 percent of the population, or 869.17 million people, live in 6,47,861 distinct villages. By using straightforward, simple, and cost-effective strategies, this study will assist Indian communities and residential buildings in becoming more sustainable and greener.
م.15
الزملاء الأفاضل
نرحب بحضراتكم مع
مبادرة #تواصل_تطوير
المحاضرة الخامسة عشرة من المبادرة مع
الاستاذ الدكتور/ مصطفى إسماعيل
الوكيل الأسبق لكلية هندسة المطرية جامعة حلوان
ورئيس الفريق الاستشاري الإستراتيجيات إدارة المخلفات
بعنوان
"Waste Management Vision For Future"
التاسعة مساء بتوقيت مكة المكرمة الأربعاء 03يونيو2020
https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZ0ucuqqqDwrHNSHcQPNCoV1RQ1z7g56rXp7
علما ان هناك بث مباشر للمحاضرة على القنوات الخاصة بجمعية المهندسين المصريين
ونأمل أن نوفق في تقديم ما ينفع المهندس ومهمة الهندسة في عالمنا العربي
والله الموفق
للتواصل مع إدارة المبادرة عبر قناة تيليجرام
الرابط
https://t.me/EEAKSA
ومتابعة المبادرة والبث المباشر عبر نوافذنا المختلفة
رابط اللينكدان والمكتبة الالكترونية
www.linkedin.com/company/eeaksa-egyptian-engineers-association/
رابط قناة الفيسبوك
https://www.facebook.com/EEAKSA
رابط قناة اليوتيوب
https://www.youtube.com/user/EEAchannal
رابط التسجيل العام للمحاضرات
https://forms.gle/vVmw7L187tiATRPw9
Unit vi Green buildings and Energy and Environementsandeep korake
It describes concept and importance of green building as a part of sustainable development. It also describes different types of energy sources and its impact on environment.
This lecture will address the processes and tools used to determine the "greenness" of products and materials typically used in the construction process. We will begin with a brief discussion of Embodied Energy as a central factor in Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), one of the primary methods for judging a material\'s sustainability. We will then present some simple tools and techniques that allow for the practical application of these concepts to the materials selection process. Primary criteria for judging the "best in class" in specific product categories will also be discussed, as well as sources of supply. This lecture is intended as a general introduction to the green materials selection process.
LEED for Commercial Interiors
LEED for Commercial Interiors is the green benchmark for the tenant improvement market.
LEED for Commercial Interiors is the recognized system for certifying high-performance green tenant spaces that are healthy, productive places to work; are less costly to operate and maintain; and have a reduced environmental footprint. It gives tenants and designers, who do not always have control over whole building operations, the power to make sustainable choices. Making these choices during tenant improvements and interior renovations can dramatically affect the indoor environment.
This rating system was developed specifically for tenants in commercial and institutional buildings who lease their space or don’t occupy the entire building.
LEED for Commercial Interiors was designed to work hand-in-hand with the LEED for Core & Shell rating system, used by developers to certify the core and shell of a project and prepare the building for environmentally conscious tenants.
Global Alternative Compliance Paths are available for this rating system.
Links:-
LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System
LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Checklist
Detailed Comparative Case Study on Environmentally Sustainable BuildingYogeshIJTSRD
The world over, evidence is growing that green buildings bring multiple benefits. They provide some of the most effective means to achieving a range of global goals, such as addressing climate change, creating sustainable and thriving communities, and driving economic growth. The benefits of green buildings can be grouped within three categories environmental, economic and social. In this paper we concluded that the 1. Green building is an eco friendly and most importantly favorable to environment that more people need to adopt. 2. Global warming and energy crises cannot be solved in one or two years. 3. Green technology will definitely be the solution that gets the potential in helping is to solve those problems and improve our environment. 4. Building energy consumption has accounted for about 45 of final energy of society. If the building can reduce energy consumption by 50 during the process of using, then it can make a contribution that can reduce 14 of final energy of whole society. Akash S. Sonare | Pallavi B. Ghagare | Akshay S. Kachawe | Damini W. Ramteke | Suraj M. Sahu | Divya Madavi "Detailed Comparative Case Study on Environmentally Sustainable Building" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43732.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/43732/detailed-comparative-case-study-on-environmentally-sustainable-building/akash-s-sonare
The study proposes a new approach to assessing environmental sustainability of buildings. Based on a normalisaition of the building's environmental impacts, the method compares the building's impacts to the actual environmental capacity of our world. This is in contrast to the common approach to building sustainability used by a widerange of certification tools, where building sustaianbility is defined relative to current building practice but not in relation to actual environmental capacity.
Sustainability concepts in Civil Engineering - Module-3Abhilash B L
This Module deals with Sustainable Design which consists of following topics
*Basic concepts of sustainable habitat,
*Green buildings
*Green building certification GRIHA
*IGBC certification for buildings,
*Materials for building construction
*Material selection for sustainable buildings design,
*Energy-efficient building design,
*Passive solar design technique,
*Thermal storage strategies
*sustainable transport
59
مبادرة
#تواصل_تطوير
المحاضرة التاسعة والخمسون من المبادرة مع
المهندس / محمد فكري عبدالغفور
المدرب المعتمد من المجلس الأمريكي للأبنية الخضراء
بعنوان
"مقدمة عن المباني الخضراء وشهادة LEED"
التاسعة مساء توقيت مكة المكرمة الإثنين21سبتمبر2020
وذلك عبر تطبيق زووم من خلال الرابط
https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZcodumrqD8uEtNlIYtCXUxxiJ6VT7WZyoWO
علما ان هناك بث مباشر للمحاضرة على وقناة يوتيوب
https://www.youtube.com/user/EEAchannal
للتواصل مع إدارة المبادرة عبر قناة تيليجرام
الرابط
https://t.me/EEAKSA
رابط اللينكدان والمكتبة الالكترونية
www.linkedin.com/company/eeaksa-egyptian-engineers-association/
رابط التسجيل العام للمحاضرات
https://forms.gle/vVmw7L187tiATRPw9
A Study on Eco-friendly Building Management with Respect to Feasibility of Im...inventionjournals
The purpose of the study is to examine the factors affecting the eco-friendly building management with respect to feasibility of implementation. A cross sectional research on 487 citizens and 500 students through questionnaire method and analysed using SPSS software. The population of study consists of resident’s views on eco-friendly building management in Kochi. The study was conducted during the period of October 2016 to January 2017. This study identified five dimensions of eco-friendly building management such as public interests, environmental impact, economy, material management and water and energy management. Furthermore, this study confirmed that there is significant impact on public interests, environmental impact, economy, material management.
Materials Matter - Construction Materials and their Environmental CostsThink Wood
This presentation will show how the life cycle assessment makes it easier for architects to incorporate environmental considerations into their building material selection. It will discuss the life cycle impacts of wood, concrete and steel and demonstrate that over its life cycle, wood is better for the environment than steel or concrete in terms of embodied energy, air and water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, this presentation will highlight the advances each industry is making toward sustainability.
56
مبادرة
#تواصل_تطوير
المحاضرة السادسة والخمسون من المبادرة مع
الاستاذ الدكتور / طارق عطية
استاذ إدارة المشروعات
بعنوان
"Green Buildings !
How much it would cost ?"
التاسعة مساء توقيت مكة المكرمة الإثنين14سبتمبر2020
وذلك عبر تطبيق زووم من خلال الرابط
https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZUqf-qhqjgrGNJ9mRrleSMkLSOacFIF5tqg
علما ان هناك بث مباشر للمحاضرة على وقناة يوتيوب
https://www.youtube.com/user/EEAchannal
للتواصل مع إدارة المبادرة عبر قناة تيليجرام
الرابط
https://t.me/EEAKSA
رابط اللينكدان والمكتبة الالكترونية
www.linkedin.com/company/eeaksa-egyptian-engineers-association/
رابط التسجيل العام للمحاضرات
https://forms.gle/vVmw7L187tiATRPw9
A brief overview on how civil engineers can participate in making global sustainable development. from the Civil Engineering Student Society Conference (CESSCON), University of Khartoum, Mar 2016.
Definition of green building. Advantages of implementation of green building. Countries having councils for helping the concept grow. How to make a green building cost effective. Cost and payoff of green building.
Detailed Comparative Case Study on Environmentally Sustainable BuildingYogeshIJTSRD
The world over, evidence is growing that green buildings bring multiple benefits. They provide some of the most effective means to achieving a range of global goals, such as addressing climate change, creating sustainable and thriving communities, and driving economic growth. The benefits of green buildings can be grouped within three categories environmental, economic and social. In this paper we concluded that the 1. Green building is an eco friendly and most importantly favorable to environment that more people need to adopt. 2. Global warming and energy crises cannot be solved in one or two years. 3. Green technology will definitely be the solution that gets the potential in helping is to solve those problems and improve our environment. 4. Building energy consumption has accounted for about 45 of final energy of society. If the building can reduce energy consumption by 50 during the process of using, then it can make a contribution that can reduce 14 of final energy of whole society. Akash S. Sonare | Pallavi B. Ghagare | Akshay S. Kachawe | Damini W. Ramteke | Suraj M. Sahu | Divya Madavi "Detailed Comparative Case Study on Environmentally Sustainable Building" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43732.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/43732/detailed-comparative-case-study-on-environmentally-sustainable-building/akash-s-sonare
The study proposes a new approach to assessing environmental sustainability of buildings. Based on a normalisaition of the building's environmental impacts, the method compares the building's impacts to the actual environmental capacity of our world. This is in contrast to the common approach to building sustainability used by a widerange of certification tools, where building sustaianbility is defined relative to current building practice but not in relation to actual environmental capacity.
Sustainability concepts in Civil Engineering - Module-3Abhilash B L
This Module deals with Sustainable Design which consists of following topics
*Basic concepts of sustainable habitat,
*Green buildings
*Green building certification GRIHA
*IGBC certification for buildings,
*Materials for building construction
*Material selection for sustainable buildings design,
*Energy-efficient building design,
*Passive solar design technique,
*Thermal storage strategies
*sustainable transport
59
مبادرة
#تواصل_تطوير
المحاضرة التاسعة والخمسون من المبادرة مع
المهندس / محمد فكري عبدالغفور
المدرب المعتمد من المجلس الأمريكي للأبنية الخضراء
بعنوان
"مقدمة عن المباني الخضراء وشهادة LEED"
التاسعة مساء توقيت مكة المكرمة الإثنين21سبتمبر2020
وذلك عبر تطبيق زووم من خلال الرابط
https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZcodumrqD8uEtNlIYtCXUxxiJ6VT7WZyoWO
علما ان هناك بث مباشر للمحاضرة على وقناة يوتيوب
https://www.youtube.com/user/EEAchannal
للتواصل مع إدارة المبادرة عبر قناة تيليجرام
الرابط
https://t.me/EEAKSA
رابط اللينكدان والمكتبة الالكترونية
www.linkedin.com/company/eeaksa-egyptian-engineers-association/
رابط التسجيل العام للمحاضرات
https://forms.gle/vVmw7L187tiATRPw9
A Study on Eco-friendly Building Management with Respect to Feasibility of Im...inventionjournals
The purpose of the study is to examine the factors affecting the eco-friendly building management with respect to feasibility of implementation. A cross sectional research on 487 citizens and 500 students through questionnaire method and analysed using SPSS software. The population of study consists of resident’s views on eco-friendly building management in Kochi. The study was conducted during the period of October 2016 to January 2017. This study identified five dimensions of eco-friendly building management such as public interests, environmental impact, economy, material management and water and energy management. Furthermore, this study confirmed that there is significant impact on public interests, environmental impact, economy, material management.
Materials Matter - Construction Materials and their Environmental CostsThink Wood
This presentation will show how the life cycle assessment makes it easier for architects to incorporate environmental considerations into their building material selection. It will discuss the life cycle impacts of wood, concrete and steel and demonstrate that over its life cycle, wood is better for the environment than steel or concrete in terms of embodied energy, air and water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, this presentation will highlight the advances each industry is making toward sustainability.
56
مبادرة
#تواصل_تطوير
المحاضرة السادسة والخمسون من المبادرة مع
الاستاذ الدكتور / طارق عطية
استاذ إدارة المشروعات
بعنوان
"Green Buildings !
How much it would cost ?"
التاسعة مساء توقيت مكة المكرمة الإثنين14سبتمبر2020
وذلك عبر تطبيق زووم من خلال الرابط
https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZUqf-qhqjgrGNJ9mRrleSMkLSOacFIF5tqg
علما ان هناك بث مباشر للمحاضرة على وقناة يوتيوب
https://www.youtube.com/user/EEAchannal
للتواصل مع إدارة المبادرة عبر قناة تيليجرام
الرابط
https://t.me/EEAKSA
رابط اللينكدان والمكتبة الالكترونية
www.linkedin.com/company/eeaksa-egyptian-engineers-association/
رابط التسجيل العام للمحاضرات
https://forms.gle/vVmw7L187tiATRPw9
A brief overview on how civil engineers can participate in making global sustainable development. from the Civil Engineering Student Society Conference (CESSCON), University of Khartoum, Mar 2016.
Definition of green building. Advantages of implementation of green building. Countries having councils for helping the concept grow. How to make a green building cost effective. Cost and payoff of green building.
Green Building Construction: Case study on Green BuildingKetulKhatri
To understand the concept of Green Building Construction.
To understand the difference between Normal Building and Green Building.
To evaluate the different Green Building Construction Techniques.
To study the property and use of various Green Building Construction materials.
To analyse Green Building Construction.
Known to be anti-thesis to environment and ecology besides large consumers of energy, resources; generators of waste; buildings are known for its dualities and contradictions. Buildings have major implications and contributions in promoting climate change, raising temperature, global warming and rising temperature. Prime reason for this negativity remains the irrational planning, designing, construction and operation of buildings. Majority of buildings, universally are designed by people who have little knowledge , expertise and understanding of what goes into making of a healthy building. Unfortunately buildings are seen as commodity to be traded and bartered for generating more money. Very little of buildings is seen as a space for habitation to be used by human beings. This perception about buildings must change. Buildings as a space for human habitation must make human living more productive, qualitative, rational and supportive of environment and ecology. Buildings must be designed and constructed to make value addition to nature and planet earth. Minimizing built environment, making it smart, using minimum of resources, energy and generating waste should be underlying theme , philosophy and approach to designing buildings. Pollution is never a solution and all human activities and actions which
pollute environment and promote wastage of resources should be eliminated and dispensed with. Accordingly architect and engineers have a critical and perpetual role of making buildings more sustainable, livable and supporters of human living and saving planet earth from all possible options of exploitation. There is only one planet which supports human living. Any effort made to destroy it by human greed and undue exploitations shall be good option to destroy the humanity itself. Back to basics and back to nature must remain the underlying theme. All human knowledge, understanding and technology available with humanity an communities must be leveraged/used to make this planet a better place to live and work.
Buildings, as definers of character and fabric of any city, are known for their positivity, negativities, dualities and contradictions. Consuming half of the global energy, majority of resources and generating 45% carbon emissions, buildings are largely responsible for consumption of resources, generation of waste, climate change and global warming. Sustainable Development Goals enunciated by UNO also mandate the critical role of buildings in promoting global sustainability. However, majority of buildings are designed without any concern for energy, resources and environment. For making buildings least consumers of energy, resources and generators of waste, traditional approach to buildings have to be changed and redefined. Appropriate options of designing sustainable, environment friendly and energy efficient buildings would involve the study, analysis and application of the relevance of climate both at regional, city and local levels; site and orientation ; options for energy and water efficiency; context of building materials and indoor air quality, active and passive means of heating cooling and using resources provided with nature for making buildings green and energy efficient.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
2. Dr.Sagarika Kamath, Dr.Rajesh Kamath, Ms.Brayal D’Souza, Mr.Biju Soman, Ms.Aswathi Raj
and Ms.Laxmi Kamath
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 1883 editor@iaeme.com
Cite this Article: Dr.Sagarika Kamath, Dr.Rajesh Kamath, Ms.Brayal D’Souza,
Mr.Biju Soman, Ms.Aswathi Raj and Ms.Laxmi Kamath, Green Buildings: Sustainable
Construction Principles, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology,
10(01), 2019, pp. 1882–1892
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=01
Green buildings are also referred to as green construction or sustainable buildings. This term
refers to the environment friendly and resource efficient structures and processes in a building's
life-cycle: including all the steps involved in the planning, design, construction, operation,
maintenance, renovation and demolition of the building structures.1
The Green Building
concept endeavors to address the classical building design concerns of utility, economy,
comfort and durability. This necessitates close cooperation among all stakeholders including
contractors, architects, engineers and clients at all stages of the project. New technologies are
coming up all the time to strengthen existing approaches to creating greener structures. The
overarching objective of the green building concept are: To decrease the negative impact of
buildings on the natural environment and on the health of humans by ensuring that resources
are used efficiently; to protect the health of the occupants; to improve employee productivity;
and to reduce waste, pollution and environmental degradation.2
The popular LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is a group of rating
systems that deals with the designing, construction processes, operations, and the maintenance
of green buildings. It has been developed by the U.S. Green Building Council. BREEAM
(Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) is a British certificates
system for buildings and large-scale developments. The World Green building council is the
entity that does research on the effects on the productivity and health of occupants of green
buildings. The council also works with the World Bank to promote green Buildings in emerging
Markets through the EDGE (Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies) Market
Transformation Program and certification.
The concept of natural buildings is similar. Natural buildings are generally smaller in scale.
They focus on the use of locally available natural materials.3
Sustainability is defined as
meeting the needs of the current generations without compromising on the ability to meet the
requirements of future generations. The principles of green construction can be applied to new
construction as well as to retrofit work.
2. REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
A large amount of land is occupied by buildings. The United States of America has more than
4.3 lakh square kilometers of land developed. As per the International Energy Agency’s
estimates, more than 40% of the world's total primary energy consumption is accounted for by
existing buildings. These same buildings have a 24% share of global carbon dioxide emissions.4
All over the world, buildings consume a very significant share of water and energy resources.
The potential for significant cuts in emissions at very little cost is the greatest in the buildings
sector.
According to the United Nations Environment Program, carbon dioxide emissions could
double by 2050 if new construction technologies are not adopted. The environmental impact
of constructing buildings is sought to be mitigated with Green building practices. In terms of
reducing the impact on the environment, the first principle is that not building anything is a
superior option to green building since construction activity almost always negatively affects
and degrades the site of construction. The second principle is that every building must be as
small as possible. The third principle is that sprawl must not be encouraged, in fact it must be
3. Green Buildings: Sustainable Construction Principles
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 1884 editor@iaeme.com
actively frowned upon, even if the most environmentally friendly and energy efficient methods
are implemented in the design and construction of the buildings.
3. AIMS OF THE GREEN BUILDING MOVEMENT:
Even though the constantly evolving technological practices used in green buildings may differ
from region to region, the fundamental principles remain the same: Efficiency in sitting and
structure design, efficiency in energy consumption, efficiency in water consumption, efficiency
in material usage, enhancement of the quality of indoor environments, optimization of
operations and maintenance and reduction of waste.5
It is possible to trace the development of
the concept of sustainable development to the fossil oil crisis and the environmental pollution
concerns of the 1960s and 70s.6
Rachel Carson was among the first to discuss sustainable
development in terms of green building in her book, “Silent Spring”(1962).7
The desire for
more environment friendly and energy efficient construction practices resulted in the origin of
the green building movement in the United States. Green buildings have economic, social and
environmental benefits. Modern sustainability initiatives require an integrated and synergistic
design for both new construction and retrofitting of existing structures.
The concept of green buildings amalgamates a wide range of techniques, skills and
practices to decrease and finally eliminate the detrimental effects of building construction on
the natural environment and on human health. It includes but is not limited to the use of
renewable resources like sunlight through active and passive solar and photovoltaic equipment;
the use of plants and trees through rain gardens and green roofs and the reduction of rainwater
run-off. The other techniques that are used are:the use of low-impact building materials,
permeable concrete or packed gravel instead of asphalt or conventional concrete: this is done
so that the rate of replenishment of the ground water is enhanced.
The aesthetic side of the green building concept is manifested in what has been termed
“green architecture” or “sustainable design”, which manifests in the philosophy of designing
buildings that are in harmony with the resources and the natural features at and around the site
of construction.
3. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) IN GREEN BUILDINGS:
It is widely recognized that LCA is the best way to evaluate the environmental impacts of
buildings, with ISO 14040 providing a unique recognized methodology for LCA.But it is still
not a regular requirement in the rating systems and codes used for green buildings.In the US
and Canada, the Green Globes rating system rewards LCA. Also, LCA is a part of the new
American National Standard that is based on Green Globes.8
the LEED system has LCA
included in it as a pilot credit. LCA has been included as a voluntary measure by California in
its draft Green Building Standards Code.
Life cycle assessments (LCA) facilitate the avoidance of the adoption of a narrow
perception of economic, social and environmental concerns.9
they do this by assessing the
complete span and range of impacts of every stage of the process: including the extraction of
raw materials through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, maintenance,
disposal and recycling. The impacts that are assessed include the potential for global warming,
resource use, air pollution, water pollution and waste. In the last few years, there has been a
shift away from a prescriptive approach, in which certain practices were prescribed and
assumed to be better for the environment. The emphasis now is on an evaluation of evidence
by the scientific evaluation of the actual performance of the LCA.A major drawback of the
LCA is that it is perceived as overly complex and time consuming for regular use by design
professionals. In order to overcome this drawback and make LCA more accessible, research
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organisations like the Athena Sustainable Materials Institute in North America and BRE in the
United Kingdom are working towards making LCA more accessible.
4. SUSTAINABLE DESIGN IN GREEN BUILDINGS:
Concept and design are the foundation of any construction project. The largest impact in terms
of financial implications and performance is seen from the concept stage, which is one of the
major steps in the life cycle of a project. The objective in the process of designing buildings
that are environmentally optimal, is to minimize the gross impact on the environment across
all the life cycle stages of the building. But the building process is nowhere near as streamlined
as an industrial process:it varies from building to building and is almost never repeated
identically. Also, buildings are very complex products, and are made up of very many
materials, each of which has various design variables which are decided at the design stage.10
4.1. Energy savings:
Green buildings have to operationalize strategies to decrease energy usage- Green buildings
often include measures to reduce the energy consumption in the extraction, processing,
transportation and installation of building materials and the operating energy required to render
services like heating and powering equipment. High-performance green buildings use less
operating energy, because of which the importance of embodied energy has increased:
embodied energy can make up upto 30% of the overall life cycle energy consumption. The
U.S. LCI Database Project11
and other studies have shown that buildings constructed mainly
out of wood have lower embodied energy than buildings constructed mainly with brick,
concrete, or steel. The environmental impact of the building can be significantly reduced by
the adoption of onsite generation of renewable energy through biomass, wind power, hydro
power or solar power. The costliest feature in a building is generally power generation.
In order to reduce the operating energy consumption, building designers try to reduce air
leakage through the building envelope. The building envelope is the barrier between the
unconditioned space and the conditioned space. Additional insulation in floors, walls and
ceilings; and high performance windows are also prescribed. Passive solar building design is
another strategy that is often implemented in low energy habitations. With the aim of shading
windows and roofs in the summer and maximizing solar gain in the winter, designers specially
orient windows and walls and place trees, porches and awnings. Also, daylighting or effective
window placement can increase the supply of natural light and decrease the requirement of
electricity fueled lighting in the day. The use of solar energy to heat water can reduce energy
costs further.
4.2. Water savings:
EED certification can be conferred on large commercial buildings with energy and water
efficiency. The tallest building in Philadelphia is the Comcast Center, which is also one of the
tallest LEED certified buildings in the USA. The Comcast center is 58 storeys tall and has 1.4
million square feet of area. The environmental engineering here is composed of a hybrid central
chilled water system which, instead of water, uses steam to cool the floors.
Two key objectives in sustainable building are decreasing water consumption and
protecting water quality. A critical issue of water consumption that arises in many areas is that
the demand on the supplying aquifier exceeds its ability to replenish itself. Facilities should,
therefore, as far as possible, depend on water that is collected, purified, used and reused on-
site. This may be partly accomplished by designing dual plumbing that recycles consumed
water. The generation of waste water can be minimized by using water conserving fixtures like
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low flow shower heads and ultra-low flush toilets. Bidets help in multiple ways: the use of
toilet paper can be eliminated, sewer traffic can be reduced, and the possibilities of recycling
water on-site can be increased. Water quality and energy efficiency can be improved while
reducing the amount of water in circulation through the use of “Point of use water treatment”.
The demands on the local aquifier can be reduced significantly through the use of non-sewage
and greywater for onsite use such as site-irrigation.12
4.3. Sustainable Architecture:
Typical green building materials would include lumber sourced from forests that have been
certified to a third party forest standard, bamboo and straw and other rapidly renewable plant
materials, dimension stone, recycled metal, recycled stone and other products that are reusable,
renewable, recyclable and nontoxic. In concrete, Roman self-healing concrete or high
performance concrete can be utilized.13
the use of recycled industrial goods like foundry sand,
coal combustion products and demolition debris from construction projects has been suggested
by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). Energy rebate programs in the United States
promote energy efficient building materials and appliances. Brummundal, a town near Oslo in
Norway, has an entire multi-storey block being constructed out of wood. This eighteen storey
building has been designed to house offices, a hotel, restaurants and apartments. Upon
commissioning, which is expected in spring 2019, it will become the world’s tallest wooden
tower.
4.4. Indoor air quality:
The provision of well-being, productivity and comfort of the occupants was the purpose of the
creation of the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) category, which is one of the five
environmental categories in LEED standards. The guidelines addressed by the LEED IEQ
category are the design and construction guidelines, especially: thermal quality, lighting quality
and indoor air quality.14,15
The reduction of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and microbial contaminants is the
primary aim of Indoor Air Quality. A well designed ventilation system is an absolutely vital
necessity for buildings. The ventilation system can be powered mechanically or naturally. The
source of air can be outdoors or recirculated, filtered air from indoors. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
can be improved by choosing interior finish products and construction materials with zero or
low VOC emissions during the design and construction process. Many VOCs including
formaldehyde, and most building materials and cleaning/maintenance products emit gases,
some of which are toxic. The productivity, health qnd comfort of the building occupants can
suffer a detrimental impact because of these gases. A building’s indoor environmental quality
(IEQ) can be increased by avoiding these products. Specifications on the use of low emitting
interiors can be obtained from LEED,16
HQE and Green Star17
. Formaldehyde emissions are
limited by BREEAM, which is silent on all other VOCs. Low VOC emitting products in the
marketplace can be delineated by MAS Certified Green, which is a registered trademark.18
The
MAS Certified Green Program ensures that any potentially hazardous chemicals released from
manufactured products have been thoroughly tested and meet rigorous standards established
by independent toxicologists to address recognized long term health concerns. These IAQ
standards have been adopted by and incorporated into the following programs: (1) The United
States Green Building Council (USGBC) in their LEED rating system (2) The California
Department of Public Health (CDPH) in their section 01350 standards18 (3) The Collaborative
for High Performance Schools (CHPS) in their Best Practices Manual and (4) The Business
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and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers Association (BIFMA) in their level® sustainability
standard.19
In situations where building occupants are known to have allergies to dust or other
particulates, solid wood products, especially flooring, are often specified. Soft finishes like
carpet are prone to the buildup of particles, in contrast to wood, which is considered to be
hypoallergenic and whose smooth surfaces prevent the buildup of particles. Hardwood, slate,
vinyl and linoleum are recommended in place of carpet by the Asthma and Allergy Foundation
of America.20
Air quality can be improved by the use of wood products, which will moderate
humidity by absorbing or releasing moisture in the air. The indoor air quality is determined by
the interactions among the occupants and all the indoor components. Indoor Air, a journal,
documents the extensive investigation of such processes, which is the subject of indoor air
scientific research.21
Factors impacting indoor air quality are dampness that leads to mold growth, and the
presence of viruses, bacteria, dust mites ad other microbiological cincerns. Microbial growth
can be enhanced and sustained by the intrusion of water through the envelope of a building and
by water condensing on cold surfaces on the interior of the building. A tightly sealed and well
insulated envelope can reduce moisture problems Adequate ventilation is important to
eliminate moisture from indoor sources like cooking, bathing, cleaning and human metabolic
processes. A building’s thermal quality can be augmented with a properly designed building
envelope coupled with airflow and personal temperature control over the HVAC system. The
energy performance and lighting quality of a structure can be improved through the creation of
a high performance luminous environment by the careful integration of electricity fuelled light
sources and daylight.22,23
5. OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE OPTIMIZATION
Proper operations and maintenance are crucial to ensure that a building planned for
sustainability remains sustainable, after the design and construction stage. Retaining the green
criteria designed at the onset of the project would be possible by ensuring that operations and
maintenance (O&M) personnel are part of the planning and development process. The O & M
phase in the life of a building has every aspect of green building integrated into it. The O & M
staff are responsible for the addition of new green technologies. Green practices such as air
quality enhancement and recycling take place in the O & M phase, even though the goal of
waste reduction is applied in the design, construction and demolition phases of the life cycle of
a building. Establishing best practices in resource conservation, ecologically sensitive
products, energy efficiency and other sustainable practices should be the aim of the O & M
staff. The key to the effective implementation of sustainable strategies in O & M services is
the education of building operators and occupants.24
5.1. Reducing waste
He waste of water, energy and other materials used during construction is sought to be reduced
by green architecture. For example, nearly 60% of the waste of California State comes from
commercial buildings. Reducing the amount of waste going to landfills must be one of the
goals in the construction phase. The amount of waste generated by occupants can be reduced
by well-designed buildings. This can be done through the implementation of on-site tools such
as compost bins to reduce the amount of matter going to landfills. Neutral Alliance, which is a
coalition consisting of NGOs, the forest industry and the government, created the website
“dontwastewood.com”, to reduce the amount of wood going to landfills. This website provides
a a variety of resources for entities looking for information on wood recycling;this includes
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developers, municipalities, regulators, contractors, owners, operators, individuals and
homeowners looking for information on wood recycling.
Buildings are typically demolished and hauled to landfills when they reach the end of their
useful life. The harvesting of what is commonly classified as "waste" and reclaiming it into
useful building material is called Deconstruction.25
Waste can be reduced by extending the
useful life of a structure. Renovations are made easier by building materials like wood that are
light and easy to work with. Several options exist to mitigate the negative impact on wells and
water treatment plants. Waste water from sources such as washing machines and dishwashers,
called “Greywater”, could be utilsed for subsurface irrigation. If this Greywater is treated, it
could be used for non-potable purposes like flushing toilets and washing cars.
Centralized wastewater treatment systems can be expensive and energy intensive. An
alternative by which these costs can be avoided and other benefits can be harnessed is to convert
waste and wastewater into fertilizer. Liquid fertilizer can be produced by collecting human
waste at the source and along with other biological waste, transporting it to a semi centralized
biogas plant. The first demonstration of this concept was in the late 1990s by a settlement in
Lubeck Germany. These practices help in offsetting greenhouse gas emissions by providing
the soil with organic nutrients and creating carbon sinks that remove carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere. This process is cheaper than producing artificial fertilizer in energy terms.26
5.2. Saving electricity
Peak load or peak demand determines how electricity networks are built. Watts is the unit of
measurement of Peak demand. It shows the rate of consumption of electrical energy. Green
buildings may not necessarily reduce peak demand but are very often capable of saving
electrical energy. The impact on carbon emission and climate change can be ameliorated and
the desire for electricity network expansion can be reduced by the reduction of peak demand
which will ensue when the design, construction and operation of sustainable building features
is executed constructed and operated efficiently. These sustainable features can be good
orientation, adequate indoor thermal mass, adequate insulation, photovoltaic panels, thermal or
electrical energy storage systems and smart building (home) energy management systems.27
5.3. Costs and benefits
Price is the most sensitive issue when it comes to constructing environmentally friendly
buildings. The premium cost for most green buildings is less than 2 percent, but the yield over
the entire life of the building is 10 times as much. With regard to the economic benefits of
green building, if considered over a period of 20 years, the returns typically exceed the cost of
greening by 400 to 600 percent. Other benefits like reductions in greenhouse gases (GHGs)
and other pollutants have a substantial positive impact on surrounding communities and on the
planet.”28
The limiting factor is the lacuna in the knowledge of up-front cost vs. life-cycle cost.
Decreased energy bills can result from more efficient use of utilities which can save money.
The projected savings for different sectors on energy bills is $130 billion.29
Savings and cost
deductions can also include higher student and worker productivity.
Numerous studies have shown the measurable benefits on worker productivity of green
building initiatives. It has been observed that "there is a direct correlation between increased
productivity and employees who love being in their work space.” Certain aspects of green
building design like advanced ventilation systems, the use of nontoxic building materials,
improved lighting and reduction of pollutants can positively impact worker productivity.30
The
U.S. Green Building Council, in “The Business Case for Green Building”, gives a specific
example of how worker health and productivity can be increased by commercial energy
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retrofits: It says that people in the United States spend about 90% of their time indoors. EPA
studies indicate that the indoor levels of pollutants may be up to ten times higher than the
outdoor levels. LEED-certified buildings ensure health benefits for ocupants by ensuring the
design of healthier, cleaner indoor environmental quality. Studies have shown that some green
buildings have yielded returns of $53 to $71 per square foot back on investment over a 20 year
life period.31
Commercial real estate market studies have observed that Energy star and LEED
certified buildings command significantly higher rents, occupancy rates and sale prices,
confirming the superior rentability of green building investments. The capitalization rates of
these buildings are also lower, potentially reflecting lower investment risk.
6. REGULATION
With increased interest in green building concepts and practices, numerous organisations have
rating systems, standards and codes that allow consumers, government regulators and building
professionals embrace green buildings with confidence. In some instances, codes are written
so that local governments can adopt them as bylaws in order to ameliorate the local
environmental impact of buildings.
Consumers are assisted in determining a structure’s level of environmental performance by
Green building rating systems like BREEAM (United Kingdom), LEED (United States and
Canada), DGNB (Germany), CASBEE (Japan), and VERDEGBCe (Spain). Optional building
features that support green design such as conservation of water, energy, building materials,
occupant health and comfort, and location and maintenance of building site are awarded credits.
The level of achievement can be determined by the number of credits.
7. INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORKS
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007, the Fourth Assessment Report
(AR4) of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), is the fourth
in a series of such reports. The assessment of socio-economic, technical and scientific
information concerning climate change, its potential effects and options for adaptation and
mitigation are the primary concerns of the IPCC which was established by the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
UNEP and Climate change: Supporting climate proofing efforts, facilitating the transition
to low carbon societies, raising awareness and improving understanding of climate change
science are the chief goals of the United Nations Environment Program UNEP.
GHG Indicator: The Greenhouse Gas Indicator: UNEP Guidelines for Calculating
Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Businesses and Non-Commercial Organizations
Agenda 21: Agenda 21 is a programme related to sustainable development run by the
United Nations (UN). It is an exhaustive blueprint of action to be taken in every area in which
humans have an impact on the environment. The action is to be taken locally, nationally and
globally by major groups in every area, governments and organisations of the U.N. The
significance of the number 21 is that it refers to the 21st century.
FIDIC's PSM: With the objective of assisting project engineers and other relevant
stakeholders in setting sustainable development goals for their projects that are recognized and
accepted as being in the interests of society, the The International Federation of Consulting
Engineers (FIDIC) Project Sustainability Management Guidelines were created. This process
is intended to assist those involved in the management of projects to measure and verify their
progress and also to allow the alignment of project goals with local conditions.
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Under the Project Sustainability Management Guidelines, the three main sustainability
headings of Economic, Social and Environmental are structured with Themes and Sub-Themes.
A core project indicator is defined along with guidance as to the relevance of that issue in the
context of an individual project for each individual sub-theme. The Sustainability Reporting
Framework provides stakeholders a universally applicable and comparable framework in
which they can understand disclosed information, while providing guidance to organizations
to use as the basis for disclosure about their sustainability performance. The core product of
the sustainability reporting guidelines and the protocols and sector Supplements are contained
in the reporting framework. The Guidelines are utilised as the basis of all reporting, and are the
foundation upon which the guidance for all other reporting is based. The core content for
reporting that is broadly relevant to all organizations regardless of location, size or sector is
outlined in the guidelines. Guidance and principles as well as standard disclosures, including
indicators to outline a disclosure framework that organizations can incrementally, flexibly and
voluntarily adopt, are contained in the Guidelines.
Protocols underpin each indicator in the Guidelines is underpinned by protocols which
include compilation methodologies, the intended scope of the indicator, definitions for key
terms in the indicator and other technical references. The limits of a one-size-fits-all approach
are responded to by sector supplements. The use of the core Guidelines are supplemented by
the Sector Supplements which go on to capture the particular set of sustainability issues faced
by sectors like banking, mining, public agencies, automotive and others.
8. IPD ENVIRONMENT CODE
February 2008 witnessed the launch of the The IPD Environment Code. The Code is intended
to serve as a good practice global standard for measuring the environmental performance of
corporate buildings. Its aim is to accurately measuring and managing the environmental
impacts of corporate buildings and enabling property executives to generate comparable, high
quality performance information about their buildings from anywhere in the world is the aim
of the IPD Environment Code. The Code aims to inform and support the following while
covering a wide range of building types (from offices to airports):
Creating a strategy for the environment; Providing inputs to real estate strategy;
Communicating a commitment to environmental improvement; Creating performance targets;
Plans for the improvement of the Environment; Measurement and assessment of performance;
Assessments of life cycles; Disposal and acquisitions of buildings; Management of suppliers;
Data population and Information systems; Regulatory compliance; Personal and team
objectives.
The estimate by the IPD for the amount of time that it will take to develop a strong set of
baseline data that could be utilised across a typical corporate estate is approximately three
years. The successful worldwide adoption of green building technology, especially in the
developing world giants China and India, will be an important element in the approach to
combatting global warming and building a sustainable world.
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