The document discusses the history and concepts of sustainability and sustainable development. It notes that the terms sustainability and sustainable were first used in the 18th century in reference to forestry management. The World Commission on Environment and Development defined sustainable development in 1987 as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." Manufacturing has significant environmental impacts through toxic chemical releases, waste generation, high energy consumption, and carbon emissions. Motivations for green manufacturing include reducing these environmental impacts as well as economic and regulatory pressures.
a complete review on Green Manufacturing, Methods,Literature review,global and Indian scenario, Case study on FORD Field,Implementation of Green Manufacturing...
Students must refer the ppt.....
This document discusses how climate change and resource constraints are driving manufacturers to adopt more sustainable practices. It outlines the scientific consensus on climate change and growing emissions. Market demand is also increasing for more sustainable products and supply chains. The document proposes that manufacturers take an enterprise-wide approach to sustainable manufacturing across business strategy, product design, supply chain, and operations. Key levers for manufacturing operations include energy management, emissions monitoring, and process improvements.
Green manufacturing aims to minimize waste and pollution through product and process design. It implements substitutions that reduce energy use, waste, and pollution. Green manufacturing follows principles of manufacturing for reuse and design for disassembly. Case studies presented green manufacturing practices in automotive, oil, and heavy electrical industries that improved corporate image, production efficiency, and cost savings while reducing environmental impact.
The document discusses steps for green manufacturing in foundries. It outlines various processes that can be made more environmentally friendly, such as implementing energy savings techniques in melting, sand reclamation, machining and labs. Pollution can be reduced by upgrading core making, moulding, melting, pouring and other processes with automated equipment. While making these changes requires investment, it leads to reduced pollution and energy usage, helping foundries become greener manufacturers. The key is replacing outdated equipment with advanced technologies that minimize waste and emissions.
Green manufacturing aims to minimize waste and pollution through product and process design. It is a philosophy rather than a standardized process. Benefits include cost savings and improved reputation. Companies invest in pollution prevention through techniques like just-in-time manufacturing, zero emissions strategies, and life cycle management. They also use standards like ISO 9000 and 14000. An example is Murray Ohio Manufacturing, which switched from an oil lubricant to Coldkote, reducing scrap rates and costs while making waste less toxic.
The document discusses green manufacturing. It defines green manufacturing as implementing processes that reduce energy and resource consumption, waste, and water usage. It explains that green manufacturing aims to minimize the environmental impact of manufacturing through using renewable energy sources, reducing pollution and emissions, recycling and reusing materials. The document outlines the need for green manufacturing due to issues like climate change, depletion of natural resources, and waste generation. It presents examples of companies like Tesla and Nike that have implemented green energy, green processes, and green products into their manufacturing.
The document discusses green manufacturing. It defines green manufacturing as a method for manufacturing that minimizes waste and pollution through product and process design. It highlights benefits like saving costs, reducing environmental waste, and improving efficiency. Green manufacturing involves moving from end-of-pipe controls to technologies like waste reduction at source, recycling, and end-of-life management. The document provides examples of green manufacturing applications in industries like automobiles, where fuel efficiency has increased.
The document discusses green manufacturing, defining it as implementing substitutions that reduce energy, resource consumption, waste, and water usage. It outlines the need for green manufacturing due to environmental and business reasons. The goals of green manufacturing are achieving sustainability and conserving resources for future generations. Benefits include improved reputation and reduced costs. Examples of green manufacturing processes and products are provided.
a complete review on Green Manufacturing, Methods,Literature review,global and Indian scenario, Case study on FORD Field,Implementation of Green Manufacturing...
Students must refer the ppt.....
This document discusses how climate change and resource constraints are driving manufacturers to adopt more sustainable practices. It outlines the scientific consensus on climate change and growing emissions. Market demand is also increasing for more sustainable products and supply chains. The document proposes that manufacturers take an enterprise-wide approach to sustainable manufacturing across business strategy, product design, supply chain, and operations. Key levers for manufacturing operations include energy management, emissions monitoring, and process improvements.
Green manufacturing aims to minimize waste and pollution through product and process design. It implements substitutions that reduce energy use, waste, and pollution. Green manufacturing follows principles of manufacturing for reuse and design for disassembly. Case studies presented green manufacturing practices in automotive, oil, and heavy electrical industries that improved corporate image, production efficiency, and cost savings while reducing environmental impact.
The document discusses steps for green manufacturing in foundries. It outlines various processes that can be made more environmentally friendly, such as implementing energy savings techniques in melting, sand reclamation, machining and labs. Pollution can be reduced by upgrading core making, moulding, melting, pouring and other processes with automated equipment. While making these changes requires investment, it leads to reduced pollution and energy usage, helping foundries become greener manufacturers. The key is replacing outdated equipment with advanced technologies that minimize waste and emissions.
Green manufacturing aims to minimize waste and pollution through product and process design. It is a philosophy rather than a standardized process. Benefits include cost savings and improved reputation. Companies invest in pollution prevention through techniques like just-in-time manufacturing, zero emissions strategies, and life cycle management. They also use standards like ISO 9000 and 14000. An example is Murray Ohio Manufacturing, which switched from an oil lubricant to Coldkote, reducing scrap rates and costs while making waste less toxic.
The document discusses green manufacturing. It defines green manufacturing as implementing processes that reduce energy and resource consumption, waste, and water usage. It explains that green manufacturing aims to minimize the environmental impact of manufacturing through using renewable energy sources, reducing pollution and emissions, recycling and reusing materials. The document outlines the need for green manufacturing due to issues like climate change, depletion of natural resources, and waste generation. It presents examples of companies like Tesla and Nike that have implemented green energy, green processes, and green products into their manufacturing.
The document discusses green manufacturing. It defines green manufacturing as a method for manufacturing that minimizes waste and pollution through product and process design. It highlights benefits like saving costs, reducing environmental waste, and improving efficiency. Green manufacturing involves moving from end-of-pipe controls to technologies like waste reduction at source, recycling, and end-of-life management. The document provides examples of green manufacturing applications in industries like automobiles, where fuel efficiency has increased.
The document discusses green manufacturing, defining it as implementing substitutions that reduce energy, resource consumption, waste, and water usage. It outlines the need for green manufacturing due to environmental and business reasons. The goals of green manufacturing are achieving sustainability and conserving resources for future generations. Benefits include improved reputation and reduced costs. Examples of green manufacturing processes and products are provided.
Green technology aims to reduce environmental impact through more sustainable practices. It encompasses areas like green chemistry, green nanotechnology, green building, green IT, and green energy. Green chemistry principles focus on reducing waste and hazardous materials. Green nanotechnology applies nanoscience to make processes more environmentally friendly. Green building uses renewable materials and solar energy to reduce environmental impact. Green IT focuses on improving energy efficiency of computing systems. Green energy generates power from renewable sources like solar and wind to reduce pollution. Triple bottom line accounting and corporate social responsibility integrate environmental and social metrics with financial performance.
This is a group work carried out in the field of economics of sustainability. It looked at hidden cost and externalities. Also tried to appraise the emergence of carbon economics and carbon tax systems.
This document discusses green manufacturing. It defines green manufacturing as preventing pollution and waste by developing new processes that reduce or eliminate hazardous substances. The goals of green manufacturing are to identify, quantify, assess, and manage environmental waste flows to minimize environmental impact while maximizing resource efficiency. Benefits include environmental protection, improved company reputation and social responsibility, and new research and technology development opportunities. Challenges include the long-term effort, upfront investment costs, and increased production costs required. The document provides examples of Panasonic's energy-efficient air conditioners and more fuel-efficient asphalt highways.
Green Business Process Management
The document discusses green business process management. It defines green BPM as the sum of all IS-supported management activities that help monitor and reduce the environmental impact of business processes throughout their lifecycle, as well as lead to cultural change. The document outlines three key dimensions of green BPM: (1) management activities like planning and controlling, (2) stages of the process lifecycle from design to operation, and (3) goals of reducing environmental impact and driving cultural change. It presents a conceptual research framework with these three dimensions for analyzing green BPM.
This document discusses green manufacturing. It defines green manufacturing as producing products using less natural resources that are reusable and recyclable. The need for green manufacturing is due to resource scarcity, pollution, and manufacturer responsibilities. The goal is sustainability by conserving resources for future generations. Implementation involves green product and process design using principles like reducing waste. Industries are adopting green initiatives for benefits like cost savings and competitive advantage. Technologies discussed include carbon sinks, efficient fuels, and industry efficiency. The document outlines frameworks and agendas to promote green manufacturing in India through green energy, products, and business processes. It provides examples of companies implementing green manufacturing like Tesla, Coca-Cola, Toyota, Dell, and Honda.
This document provides an introduction to sustainable manufacturing. It discusses why manufacturing is becoming more environmentally conscious due to increasing regulation, customer demands, and cost savings. Sustainability is defined as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. Key concepts in sustainable manufacturing include clean technologies, sustainable production processes, and green product design. Implementing sustainable practices can range from simple housekeeping to new technologies and is a continuous improvement process rather than a final destination.
Carbon neutrality involves balancing carbon emissions with carbon removal to reach a net zero carbon footprint. The document outlines the steps to achieve carbon neutrality which include calculating an organization's carbon footprint, avoiding emissions where possible, reducing remaining emissions through efficiency measures, and offsetting any emissions that cannot be eliminated by supporting carbon removal projects.
This seminar report discusses green technology and its goals. Green technology aims to conserve natural resources and the environment through sustainable practices like rethinking resource usage, recycling waste, renewing energy sources, reducing consumption and taking responsibility. The report outlines different types of green technology including green energy, green building, green purchasing, green chemistry and green nanotechnology. It provides examples like how green buildings can save on energy and water usage. The conclusion is that while green technology has challenges, continued efforts are needed to address issues like global warming and energy shortages through solutions offered by green technology.
This document discusses ways to go green and live more sustainably. It defines going green as living in a way that is environmentally friendly and helps preserve natural resources for future generations. Some key ways to go green discussed are reducing pollution and waste, conserving energy and water, using renewable resources, and protecting ecological balance. Global warming is presented as a major reason to adopt more sustainable practices, as human activities are causing the climate to change in damaging ways such as rising sea levels from melting glaciers. Specific tips provided for going green include recycling, reducing consumption, using efficient appliances, harvesting rainwater, and planting trees. The importance of green marketing for environmentally-friendly products is also highlighted.
This document presents information on waste to energy conversion. It discusses how plastic waste is a growing problem in India, with approximately 8.5 million tons generated per year. Methods for dealing with plastic waste include burning, landfilling, recycling, and converting it to energy. The document then describes pyrolysis as a suitable method for converting plastic waste to fuel through thermal cracking without oxygen. The process and production of bio-oil, activated carbon, and briquettes from plastic waste are explained. Current waste to energy practices in countries like China, Europe and the UK are also summarized.
The document discusses carbon tax, which is a tax placed on carbon dioxide emissions from the use of fossil fuels. It aims to reduce CO2 emissions and protect the environment by making carbon-intensive activities more expensive. While a carbon tax has advantages like economic growth and emission reductions, there are also disadvantages like increased costs for companies and the poor. Only a few countries have implemented carbon taxes successfully so far. The document concludes that a carbon tax is important for environmental sustainability but will be challenging to implement in India due to economic priorities.
Green engineering aims to minimize pollution and risks to human health and the environment through more sustainable product and process design. It follows principles like using life-cycle thinking, conserving ecosystems, and ensuring materials and energy are safe and benign. Green engineering also strives to prevent waste and engage stakeholders. Traditional chemical processes can be modified to be greener by reducing pollution control costs and recycling wastes. Going green through technologies like solar, geothermal, and carbon capture can help reduce emissions and reliance on fossil fuels.
This document discusses sustainability and provides definitions. It defines sustainability as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs. It addresses myths about sustainability and types of sustainability, including economic, social, and environmental. For each type, it gives examples of why that aspect of sustainability is important, such as addressing issues like pollution, poverty, and global warming. It also provides tips for individual sustainability actions.
This document discusses how waste management relates to the concept of a circular economy in the context of the emerging third industrial revolution. It describes how waste management has evolved over the course of previous industrial revolutions from a public health issue to a regulated industry. The concept of a circular economy aims to improve resource productivity and control scarcity through closed-loop material flows and business models. The third industrial revolution, driven by new technologies, presents both a threat and opportunity for transitioning to more circular models of production and consumption.
This tutorial on Carbon Footprint gives you a brief introduction to Emission of Carbon Dioxide from our daily activities.
This tutorial covers the following topics:
1. About Carbon Footprint?
2. Measuring CO2
3. Calculate CO2 based on fuel
4. Types of Carbon Calculator
5. Carbon Footprint Calculators
Current environmental challenges and corresponding solutionSourabh Tailor
Climate change, pollution, deforestation, water scarcity, loss of biodiversity, and lack of enforcement of environmental regulations are some of the major environmental challenges discussed in the document. The document outlines government policies and plans to address these issues, such as the National Action Plan for Climate Change, prevention and control of pollution acts, forest conservation acts, and biodiversity action plans. However, it questions if these efforts are enough due to a lack of political will and independent regulatory bodies to properly enforce environmental regulations. Strengthening regulatory enforcement and increasing public awareness are suggested as ways to more effectively address India's environmental problems.
Green technology aims to reduce environmental impact through more sustainable practices. It encompasses areas like green chemistry, green nanotechnology, green building, green IT, and green energy. Green chemistry principles focus on reducing waste and hazardous materials. Green nanotechnology applies nanoscience to make processes more environmentally friendly. Green building uses renewable materials and solar energy to reduce environmental impact. Green IT focuses on improving energy efficiency of computing systems. Green energy generates power from renewable sources like solar and wind to reduce pollution. Triple bottom line accounting and corporate social responsibility integrate environmental and social metrics with financial performance.
This is a group work carried out in the field of economics of sustainability. It looked at hidden cost and externalities. Also tried to appraise the emergence of carbon economics and carbon tax systems.
This document discusses green manufacturing. It defines green manufacturing as preventing pollution and waste by developing new processes that reduce or eliminate hazardous substances. The goals of green manufacturing are to identify, quantify, assess, and manage environmental waste flows to minimize environmental impact while maximizing resource efficiency. Benefits include environmental protection, improved company reputation and social responsibility, and new research and technology development opportunities. Challenges include the long-term effort, upfront investment costs, and increased production costs required. The document provides examples of Panasonic's energy-efficient air conditioners and more fuel-efficient asphalt highways.
Green Business Process Management
The document discusses green business process management. It defines green BPM as the sum of all IS-supported management activities that help monitor and reduce the environmental impact of business processes throughout their lifecycle, as well as lead to cultural change. The document outlines three key dimensions of green BPM: (1) management activities like planning and controlling, (2) stages of the process lifecycle from design to operation, and (3) goals of reducing environmental impact and driving cultural change. It presents a conceptual research framework with these three dimensions for analyzing green BPM.
This document discusses green manufacturing. It defines green manufacturing as producing products using less natural resources that are reusable and recyclable. The need for green manufacturing is due to resource scarcity, pollution, and manufacturer responsibilities. The goal is sustainability by conserving resources for future generations. Implementation involves green product and process design using principles like reducing waste. Industries are adopting green initiatives for benefits like cost savings and competitive advantage. Technologies discussed include carbon sinks, efficient fuels, and industry efficiency. The document outlines frameworks and agendas to promote green manufacturing in India through green energy, products, and business processes. It provides examples of companies implementing green manufacturing like Tesla, Coca-Cola, Toyota, Dell, and Honda.
This document provides an introduction to sustainable manufacturing. It discusses why manufacturing is becoming more environmentally conscious due to increasing regulation, customer demands, and cost savings. Sustainability is defined as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. Key concepts in sustainable manufacturing include clean technologies, sustainable production processes, and green product design. Implementing sustainable practices can range from simple housekeeping to new technologies and is a continuous improvement process rather than a final destination.
Carbon neutrality involves balancing carbon emissions with carbon removal to reach a net zero carbon footprint. The document outlines the steps to achieve carbon neutrality which include calculating an organization's carbon footprint, avoiding emissions where possible, reducing remaining emissions through efficiency measures, and offsetting any emissions that cannot be eliminated by supporting carbon removal projects.
This seminar report discusses green technology and its goals. Green technology aims to conserve natural resources and the environment through sustainable practices like rethinking resource usage, recycling waste, renewing energy sources, reducing consumption and taking responsibility. The report outlines different types of green technology including green energy, green building, green purchasing, green chemistry and green nanotechnology. It provides examples like how green buildings can save on energy and water usage. The conclusion is that while green technology has challenges, continued efforts are needed to address issues like global warming and energy shortages through solutions offered by green technology.
This document discusses ways to go green and live more sustainably. It defines going green as living in a way that is environmentally friendly and helps preserve natural resources for future generations. Some key ways to go green discussed are reducing pollution and waste, conserving energy and water, using renewable resources, and protecting ecological balance. Global warming is presented as a major reason to adopt more sustainable practices, as human activities are causing the climate to change in damaging ways such as rising sea levels from melting glaciers. Specific tips provided for going green include recycling, reducing consumption, using efficient appliances, harvesting rainwater, and planting trees. The importance of green marketing for environmentally-friendly products is also highlighted.
This document presents information on waste to energy conversion. It discusses how plastic waste is a growing problem in India, with approximately 8.5 million tons generated per year. Methods for dealing with plastic waste include burning, landfilling, recycling, and converting it to energy. The document then describes pyrolysis as a suitable method for converting plastic waste to fuel through thermal cracking without oxygen. The process and production of bio-oil, activated carbon, and briquettes from plastic waste are explained. Current waste to energy practices in countries like China, Europe and the UK are also summarized.
The document discusses carbon tax, which is a tax placed on carbon dioxide emissions from the use of fossil fuels. It aims to reduce CO2 emissions and protect the environment by making carbon-intensive activities more expensive. While a carbon tax has advantages like economic growth and emission reductions, there are also disadvantages like increased costs for companies and the poor. Only a few countries have implemented carbon taxes successfully so far. The document concludes that a carbon tax is important for environmental sustainability but will be challenging to implement in India due to economic priorities.
Green engineering aims to minimize pollution and risks to human health and the environment through more sustainable product and process design. It follows principles like using life-cycle thinking, conserving ecosystems, and ensuring materials and energy are safe and benign. Green engineering also strives to prevent waste and engage stakeholders. Traditional chemical processes can be modified to be greener by reducing pollution control costs and recycling wastes. Going green through technologies like solar, geothermal, and carbon capture can help reduce emissions and reliance on fossil fuels.
This document discusses sustainability and provides definitions. It defines sustainability as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs. It addresses myths about sustainability and types of sustainability, including economic, social, and environmental. For each type, it gives examples of why that aspect of sustainability is important, such as addressing issues like pollution, poverty, and global warming. It also provides tips for individual sustainability actions.
This document discusses how waste management relates to the concept of a circular economy in the context of the emerging third industrial revolution. It describes how waste management has evolved over the course of previous industrial revolutions from a public health issue to a regulated industry. The concept of a circular economy aims to improve resource productivity and control scarcity through closed-loop material flows and business models. The third industrial revolution, driven by new technologies, presents both a threat and opportunity for transitioning to more circular models of production and consumption.
This tutorial on Carbon Footprint gives you a brief introduction to Emission of Carbon Dioxide from our daily activities.
This tutorial covers the following topics:
1. About Carbon Footprint?
2. Measuring CO2
3. Calculate CO2 based on fuel
4. Types of Carbon Calculator
5. Carbon Footprint Calculators
Current environmental challenges and corresponding solutionSourabh Tailor
Climate change, pollution, deforestation, water scarcity, loss of biodiversity, and lack of enforcement of environmental regulations are some of the major environmental challenges discussed in the document. The document outlines government policies and plans to address these issues, such as the National Action Plan for Climate Change, prevention and control of pollution acts, forest conservation acts, and biodiversity action plans. However, it questions if these efforts are enough due to a lack of political will and independent regulatory bodies to properly enforce environmental regulations. Strengthening regulatory enforcement and increasing public awareness are suggested as ways to more effectively address India's environmental problems.
1) The document discusses the concept of eco-industrial parks (EIPs) as a strategy for sustainable industrial development that can help address pollution issues in developing countries like India, China, and Indonesia.
2) It provides background on industrial pollution problems and reviews case studies of EIPs in India, China, and Indonesia to identify lessons learned and best practices.
3) The key findings are that EIPs can help industries reduce costs by utilizing waste as resources, lower pollution levels to benefit the environment and public health, and provide economic opportunities through industrial synergies.
Environmental and societal issues, energy conservation through better process...Manish Gupta
Energy conservation and reducing environmental impact are important goals that can be addressed through better machine design and tribology. Some key approaches include reducing friction and wear to increase efficiency, identifying aspects of technologies that most impact the environment to reduce this, and exploring renewable energy options. Green tribology focuses on biomimetic surfaces, biodegradable lubricants, and renewable energy tribology to develop more sustainable solutions. Areas like reducing waste, prolonging component life, reuse, and minimal lubrication are also important to green tribology and manufacturing.
Alice(Yulingling)-Global Environmental Policy -The United Nations and Climate...DrPerryBTizon
1. The document discusses ten major global environmental problems: global warming, ozone layer destruction, declining biodiversity, acid rain, deforestation, land desertification, shortage of resources, water pollution, air pollution, and solid waste.
2. It then covers several aspects of addressing these issues, including establishing international cooperation mechanisms, formulating unified response plans, and clarifying responsibilities between developed and developing countries.
3. Finally, it discusses China's efforts to build capacity to address climate change, including establishing organizations and promulgating laws, regulations, and plans related to energy conservation and emissions reduction.
1. The document discusses waste management and sustainability strategies to address pollution from waste. It covers topics like waste classification, sources of waste, effects of waste pollution, and international agreements to control hazardous waste.
2. Sustainable waste management strategies include reducing waste production, reusing materials, recycling, and proper disposal methods like sanitary landfills and incineration. Industries can help prevent pollution by improving efficiency, finding new uses for waste, and designing products for recyclability.
3. Major international agreements discussed are the Basel Convention on hazardous waste trade and the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. Both aim to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of hazardous materials.
the delicate topic of Sustainable Development through a
book which I have co-authored and give to the audience also a perspective on
how Education can sensitively provide support for this framework.
I will participate in my role of affiliate professor of management and behavior
for Grenoble Graduate School of Business, France ( www.ggsb.com)
by mark esposito (m.esposito@ht.umass.edu)
The document discusses sustainable waste management and resource efficiency. It promotes reducing waste at the source through the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle). Effective waste management requires considering the entire lifecycle of products and materials. It should prioritize waste prevention over disposal or recycling. The growing waste problem is exacerbated by population growth, urbanization, and unsustainable consumption patterns. Current approaches often do not view waste as a resource or support the informal waste sector. A more circular economy is needed that minimizes resource use and keeps materials in use.
Concept of sustainable global developmentodevz1235
The document discusses the concept and history of sustainable global development. It traces the origins of the term back to the 1980s and defines it as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. It also discusses related concepts like green development and lists key areas and challenges of achieving sustainable development.
Sustainable Manufacturing in asian countriesMuhammad Talha
This document discusses sustainable manufacturing in Asian countries. It defines sustainability and sustainable development according to the Brundtland Commission report. Sustainability means activities whose environmental impact is below the level of natural recovery. The three pillars of sustainability are environmental, economic, and social. It notes that in the last 50 years humans have consumed more resources than all previous history. Sustainable manufacturing aims to create products using non-polluting processes that conserve energy and resources while being safe and economically sound. The document discusses strategies for Pakistan to promote sustainable manufacturing and economic growth, such as trade liberalization, export promotion, and developing human capital.
1. Sustainable development aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
2. The concept has its roots in the late 1700s but gained attention in the 1980s with the Brundtland Commission report which defined sustainable development.
3. There are three pillars of sustainable development - environment, economy, and society. Achieving balance across these three is the goal of sustainable development.
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse effects. The document defines several types of pollution such as air, water, soil, noise, thermal, and nuclear pollution. It then discusses the causes of each type which include vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, agricultural runoff, and other human activities. The consequences of pollution are outlined as negative health impacts, reduced biodiversity, climate change effects, and economic damages. Approaches to addressing pollution prevention are presented, along with relevant legal provisions and initiatives by environmental non-governmental organizations in India. The role of social workers in creating awareness and finding sustainable solutions is also covered.
Environment means the surroundings or conditions of life, may be social, political, economic, cultural, natural etc.
Natural resources are used with other man made resources in order to produce goods in agriculture, industry or other spheres of economic activity.
This is the 5th lesson of the course - Foundation of Environmental Management taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
The document discusses environmental laws and policies in India. It outlines how the Department of Environment was established in 1980 and became the Ministry of Environment and Forests in 1985 after the Bhopal gas tragedy. It also summarizes the key types of environmental pollution in India like air, water, land, noise, and thermal pollution. The underlying causes of environmental degradation are identified as social factors like population and poverty, economic factors like market distortions, and institutional factors like lack of implementation of laws.
Municipal Solid Waste and Energy Production in the United StatesMohammed Alsharekh
This document summarizes a research paper about converting municipal solid waste into bioenergy in the United States. It provides background on municipal solid waste generation and management in the US. It then discusses various technologies used to convert municipal solid waste into bioenergy, such as waste-to-energy plants, landfilling, composting, and anaerobic digestion. It also covers applications of these technologies and their costs and benefits. The conclusion discusses the prospects for further developing waste-to-energy conversion technologies.
The document discusses environmental problems, their causes, and sustainability. It covers three key principles of sustainability: 1) life depends on solar energy, 2) biodiversity provides natural services, and 3) chemical/nutrient cycling means there is little waste in nature. It also discusses how human activities can degrade natural capital and lead to environmental problems through unsustainable resource use, population growth, poverty, and excluding environmental costs from market prices. Solutions discussed include implementing sustainable practices, pollution prevention, and including full environmental costs in prices.
The document discusses the multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies. It states that environmental studies requires skills from various disciplines like chemistry, biology, earth sciences, and geography. It also outlines the scope of environmental studies, which includes ecosystem structure, natural resource conservation, pollution control, environmental management, and more. Finally, it discusses some of the major environmental problems like air pollution, water pollution, biodiversity degradation, waste generation, and food supply problems.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Sustainability and gren manufacturing presentation
1. "If you are not part of solution, you are part of problem”.
(Elbridge Cleaver )
“Man has long forgotten that the earth was given to him for usufruct
alone, not for consumption, still less for profligate waste”.
(Marsh stated)
“A new way of thinking is essential if the mankind is to survive and
move towards higher level” Albert Einstein
2. Sustainable development – historical roots of the concept
• Plato in the 5th century BC, Strabo and Columella in the
1st century BC and Pliny Elder in the 1st century AD
discussed different types of environmental degradation
resulting from human activities such as farming, logging
and mining .These authors also recommended remedies
(sustainable practices) to maintain the everlasting youth
of earth. Varro (1st century AD) stated that ‘we can, by
care, lessen the evil effects’.
• The ancient Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Greek and Roman
civilizations faced environmental problems such as
deforestation and the salinization and loss of fertility of
soil (sustainability problems).
Salinization
3. • The term ‘sustainability’ was first used in
German forestry circles by Hans Carl von
Carlowitz (Mining Engineer) in “Sylvicultura
Oeconomica” in 1713.
• Carlowitz suggested nachhaltende Nutzung
(sustainable use) of forest resources, balance
between harvesting and implanting.
• ‘Sustainability’ and ‘Sustainable’ appeared for
the first time in the Oxford English Dictionary
during the second half of the 20th century.
• Sustainability problem moved from forest(18th
century)-coal(19th century)-oil(20th century)
and so on.
Sustainable development – historical roots of the concept
4. Sustainability
Meaning of sustainability
• Living within the limits
• Understanding the interconnections
among economy, society, and
environment
• Equitable distribution of resources
and opportunities
5. Sustainability Concept
• Sustainability is three legged stool.
• A product, system or service is said to be
sustainable if it promotes socialism,
environmentalism and economically sounds.
These three factors are also called three pillars
of sustainability or sustainability three pillars
concepts.
• The most important factor is environmental
factor. If this is not solved, then no matter how
hard we try the other pillars cannot be made
strong because they are dependent on the
greater system they live within, the
environment.
6. Sustainable Development
• In 1987 World Commission on
Environment and Development defined
sustainable development as “development
that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future
generation to meet their own needs.”
• "A process of change in which the
exploitation of resources, the direction of
investments, the orientation of
technological development and
institutional change are all in harmony and
enhance both current and future potential
to meet human needs and aspirations" The
World Commission on Environment and
Development
7. Sustainable Development
• "The environment must be protected… to preserve
essential ecosystem functions and to provide for the
wellbeing of future generations; environmental and
economic policy must be integrated; the goal of policy
should be an improvement in the overall quality of life,
not just income growth; poverty must be ended and
resources distributed more equally; and all sections of
society must be involved in decision making". (The Real
World Coalition 1996, a definition based on the work of
the World Commission on Environment and
Development)
• "We cannot just add sustainable development to our
current list of things to do but must learn to integrate the
concepts into everything that we do." (The Dorset
Education for Sustainability Network)
8. Ricoh’s Sustainability Concept
• Japanese copier company Ricoh stated that "We are aiming to create a society
whose environmental impact is below the level that the self-recovery capability of
the natural environment can deal with."
• Ricoh concept of sustainable society (LMAS,university of California). The Comet
Circle
9. What is Green
• “Green” is an adjective. It can be defined as
“concerned with or supporting environmentalism
and tending to preserve environment quality (as by
being recyclable, biodegradable, or nonpolluting)”.
• “Green” can also be implied as verb. It would be
referred as process of reducing the environmental
impact of a manufacturing process or system when
compared to previous state.
• Green is a subset of sustainability. Wood is
clearly a very green product, but it’s only
sustainable if the company that harvests the
wood has a sustainable forest plan that doesn’t
deplete the source forests over time and on
balance.
10. Sustainable & Green Manufacturing
• U.S. Department of Commerce has sustainable
manufacturing as “the creation of manufacturing
products that use materials and processes that minimize
negative environmental impacts, conserve energy and
natural resources, are safe for employees, communities,,
and consumers and are economically sounds”
• Green Manufacturing is a process or system which has a
minimal, nonexistent, or negative impact on the
environment.
• Greening of manufacturing system is reducing the
volume of hazardous wastes, cutting down coolant
consumed, changing the energy mix to include
renewable energy resources etc.
11. Environmental Impact of Manufacturing
Manufacturing is highly dependent on material and
energy. It usually consumes water also.
Environmental impact of manufacturing is due to
materials, energy and water consumed in
manufacturing systems.
Manufacturing’s dominant environmental impacts.
• Toxic chemicals
• Waste generation
• Energy consumption
• Carbon emissions
12. Toxic Chemical release
• Toxic chemicals are widely used in many
manufacturing industries for product
development and process operation.
• US EPA established the TRI program in 1987 to
collect data about the toxic chemical release of
chemical manufacturing and other sectors
including metal mining, coal mining, electric
utilities, petroleum bulk terminals, chemical
wholesalers, hazardous waste treatment, and
solvent recovery. This data is collected annually.
• TRI data is publicly available containing
information on toxic chemical releases and
other waste management activities in
the United States.
13. Toxic Chemical release
TRI statistics of 2001 about the release of toxic
chemicals in United States.
Manufacturing industry released about 1.99 billion
pounds
Metal mining 2.3 billion pounds.
Total air emissions are roughly 30%.
Land release 62%
Water discharge and underground injections 4%.
Many small scale manufacturing entities are not
required to report their toxic chemical emissions so,
the actual chemical release of manufacturing are
much more significant.
The U.S. toxic release inventory in 2001
14. Waste Generation
• Manufacturing industry generates a huge
amount of waste usually inform of solid
waste, waste water which causes significant
environmental concerns and impacts.
• Waste of manufacturing industry is much
more than other industries in US.
• The amount of manufacturing’s waste is even
larger then the sum of seven other industries.
• Reducing the waste of manufacturing industry
in one of the major objective of Green
Manufacturing.
Amount of waste generated in US
15. Energy Consumption
• Manufacturing consume enormous amount of
energy in different processes and operations.
• Manufacturing industry is very energy
extensive.
• According to 2003 statistics manufacturing
consumed 23% of total energy in US.
• Energy consumption in manufacturing is
ranked 2nd by transportation.
• But in many cases transportation is a major
element is manufacturing due to complex
supply chains employed.
U.S. energy consumption by sector
16. Energy Consumption
• Energy consumption causes environmental
impacts due to the fact that 71.4% of energy
is generated from fossil fuels (in 2006). Only
2.11% of energy is produced by clean energy
sources.
• Fossils fuels contain various polluting
elements such as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur.
• Energy generation from fossil fuels produces
carbon di-oxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen
oxides which causes global warming,
acidification and smog.
U.S. electricity mix
17. Carbon Emissions
• Green house gas emissions are serious concerns of global society.
Industrial production is a heavy consumer of fossils fuels directly or
indirectly which induces global warming problems and serious
anthropogenic interference with climate system.
• According to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change expected
average temperature rise on current emissions trends is 1.4-5.8OC
between 1990-2100.
• Kyoto protocol is established for making legally binding targets for
the reduction of green house gases including carbon dioxide,
methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, hydro fluorocarbons,
and per fluorocarbons.
• Graph shows U.S. GHG emissions in economic sector between 1998-
2004.
• Industrial sector has the largest result, while manufacturing industry
produces 80% of industrial CO2 emissions.
• Major source of CO2 emissions in manufacturing are the use of
energies generated by fossil fuels (directly or indirectly).
• About 120GJ energy is consumed in the manufacturing of a car which
would generate 23 metric tons of CO2 and other pollutants.
• Petroleum industry has the largest CO2 emissions per $10,000 value
generated, followed by primary metals and chemicals industry.
Carbon emissions of manufacturing(ton CO2/$10,000)
18. Motivations for Green Manufacturing
• Impact on the Environment
• Pressure Government (Regulations, Penalties, and Tax benefits)
• Interest in Efficiency
• Scarcity of Resources/Risk
• Continuous Improvement
• Pressure from Society/Consumers/Customers and other competitors
• Desire to Maintain Market Leadership
19. Strategies for Sustainble Manufacturing
• Inverse Manufacturing
The life of any product
can be extended by disassembly the original
product at the end of its original life into
components that could be reused, maintained
or up-graded. For example, Fuji Xerox is
making entire machines with 70% reused
parts, this reduces 75% of the CO2 emissions
associated with manufacturing.
Several strategies have been developed make efficient use of resources, minimize pollution and waste.
• Recycling
The proves of converting waste
material into useful material or objects. It is one of the
better known strategies for sustainable manufacturing.
It should be mandatory to every one to participate in
recycling programs. Coca Cola recycling program
20. • Re-Manufacturing
The process of rebuilding a unit/machinery
to restore it condition “as good as new”
after overhaul and replacement of some
component parts and it is ensured that
remanufactured product meet the
tolerance’s and capabilities of new
product. Re-manufacturing of typres
• Reverse Logistic
It requires that manufacturers take a “cradle to gave” for their products. The
manufacturer is forever responsible for the product. It is also referred as “
product stewardship” . Product stewardship is driven by public outcry about the
degradation of environment.
In 2004, Xerox supplies return initiatives prevented more than 13.8 million
pounds of waste from entering landfills worldwide. The Xerox Waste Toner
Return Program (since 1998) received more than13 million pounds of waste
toner and over 2 million pounds in 2004 alone. Customers worldwide returned
nearly 3.2 million cartridges to Xerox in 2004 for reuse and recycling.
21. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
LCA definition proposed by ISO “ a technique for assessing
environmental aspects and potential impacts associated (with
products and services) …. LCA can assist in identifying
opportunities to improve environmental aspects of products
and services at various points of their life cycle”. It is also
referred as “cradle to grave” approach. It emphasis
environmental impacts of product from concept stage (i.e. raw
material generation) to end life (i.e. recovery or disposal).
It involves three major activities
• Inventory Analysis: Identification and quantification of energy
and resources used, environmental discharge to air, water
and land.
• Impact Analysis: technical assessment of environmental risk
and degradation.
• Improvement Analysis: identify opportunities to improve
environmental performance.
22. Eco-Labelling
The aim of eco-labelling is to make consumers
well aware of the health and environmental
impact of the product they use. In this way
choices are provided to customers between
products (to identify green products) to force
the manufacturer toward environment
conscious manufacturing system. There are also
standards of ISO for supporting environment,
ISO 14000 Environment Management System
Design for the Environment
This strategy implies an efficient designing of
product for environment management. Products
are to be designed with ease of disassembly and
recovery of valuable part to conserve energy and
resources while minimizing waste.
Three main design strategies are
Design for recyclability: the ease with which a
product can be disassembled and components
parts are recovered.
Design for remanufacture: it identifies
different stages of equipment or product wear.
Design for disposal: it identifies the strategies
to design the product with of disposal to
minimize hazardous and unsafe effects.
23. Barriers to Green Manufacturing
• Although green manufacturing is driven
by a number of positive factors, the
manufacturing industry still faces some
barriers and challenges that hinder the
application of green manufacturing
strategies in practice.
• In order to mitigate these barriers, the
prioritization of barriers is essential as
high-priority barriers can be taken up first
to address the issue more effectively
within the available resources.
• In the given table major barriers are
prioritized by a quantitative approach
(fuzzy TOPSIS multi-criteria decision
model ) in descending vitality order.
24. Environmentally Benign Manufacturing
EBM research group is the part of Laboratory
for Manufacturing and Productivity headed by
Professor Timothy Gutowski at MIT.
Main Research contents:
• RAFFT(Rapid Free Form Sheet Metal Forming
Technolocy) Project: Modeling the benefits of
a new incremental sheet forming technology
• Additive manufacturing: Tracking the energy
use of emerging technology
• Single stream recycling: Modelling of
material, exergy and energy flows
• Automobile assembly plant: Energy used and
carbon emitted
25. National Institute of standards and Technology
NIST is awarding $ 7.4 to accelerate use and innovation with
additive manufacturing.
NIST's Engineering Laboratory, the Measurement Science for
Additive Manufacturing Program has four projects.
Real-Time Control of Additive Manufacturing Processes:
Ensure process consistency, develop process metrology, in
process sensing methods and real time process control.
Qualification for Additive Manufacturing Materials and
Processes:
For critical important parts (turbine blade, medical parts)
Systems Integration for Additive Manufacturing:
Facilitate coordination of design and machine control softwares
to reduce design-to-product cycle time.
Characterization of Additive Manufacturing Materials:
Develop measurements and standards for powder metal raw
materials in terms of particle size, shape, chemical consistency
and size consistency.
by the process.
26. Sustainability is a Journey, not a Destination
• Remember there is no such thing as a company with
no environmental impact. There is no sustainability
“destination”.
• Goal should be continuous improvement – making
constant advances in company’s overall sustainability
performance.