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ENGINEERING DRAWING
FUNDAMENTALS
CONTENTS
1. Engineering Drawing Definition
2. Projection
3. First Angle Projection
4. Third Angle Projection
5. Multi views
6. Conversion of Isometric to orthographic
7. Conversion of orthographic to Isometric
ENGINEERING DRAWING
1.Engineering Drawing is a two dimensional
representation of a three-dimensional object
graphically.
1.The ability to read drawings is the most important
requirement of all technical people in engineering
profession.
Graphics
language
Describe a shape
(mainly).
Word
language
Describe size, location and
specification of the object.
1.The classification of Engineering Drawings include:
Building drawing, Machine drawing, Electrical
drawing etc.
2.Dimensions are indicated on the drawing to define
geometric characteristics such as lengths,
diameters, radii, angles and locations.
SCALE
Size in drawing Actual size
:
1.All engineering drawings are prepared to some scale. The
scale adopted should be the largest possible one.
1.Full size scale,
2.Reducing scale and
3.Enlarging scale.
2.Full size scale 1:1, Reducing scale 1:2, Enlarging scale 50:1
PROJECTION
 A projection is defined as a representation of an
object on a two dimensional plane. There are
basically three types of projections.
1.Orthographic projection
2.Isometric projection
3.Perspective projection
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
A projection is said to be orthographic, when the point of
sight is imagined to be located at infinity, so that the
rays of sight are parallel to each other and intersect the
plane of projection at right angles to it.
Line of sight
Line of sight
Line of sight is an imaginary ray of
light between an observer’s eye and an object.
Line of sight
Parallel projection
Line of sight
Perspective projection
There are 2 types of LOS : parallel converge
and
Plane of projection is an imaginary flat
plane on which the image is created.
The image is produced by connecting the points where
the LOS pierce the projection plane.
Parallel projection Perspective projection
Plane of projection Plane of projection
Perspective projection is not
used by engineer for manu-
facturing of parts, because
1) It is difficult to create.
2) It does not reveal exact
shape and size. Width is distorted
Disadvantage of
Perspective
Projection
Orthographic projection technique can produce either
1. Multiview drawing
that each view show an object in two dimensions.
2. Axonometric drawing
that show all three dimensions of an object in one view.
Both drawing types are used in technical drawing for
communication.
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW
Axonometric drawing
Multiview drawing
Drawing Sheet Sizes
Trimmed paper of
a size A0 ~ A4.
Standard sheet size
A4 210 x 297
A3 297 x 420
A2 420 x 594
A1 594 x 841
A0 841 x 1189
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
(Dimensions in millimeters)
Example Placement of the text on drawing
Dimension & Notes
Notes Title Block
PROJECTION SYSTEMS
1. First angle system
2. Third angle system
First Quadrant
Third
Quadrant
- European country
- ISO standard
- Canada, USA,
Japan, Thailand
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
1st angle system 3rd angle system
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
1st angle system 3rd angle system
Folding
line
Folding
line
Folding
line
Folding
line
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
1st angle system 3rd angle system
Front View
Front View
Right Side View
Right Side View
Top View
Top View
First angle system Third angle system
PROJECTION SYMBOLS
ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS
 Isometric projection
is a type of pictorial
projection in which
the three dimensions
of a solid are shown
in one view
CONVERSION OF ORTHOGRAPHIC
TO ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
CONVERSION OF ISOMETRIC
TO ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
CONVERSION OF ISOMETRIC
TO ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
Orthographic views of objects with either (i)
a line or (ii) lines missing are given below.
Complete the given views. Also draw
freehand, the isometric view of each object.
MACHINE DRAWING
PRODUCTION DRAWING
EXAMPLE : Interpreting detail drawing
General note
Revision table
Title block
1. Orthographic
views
2. Dimensions
& Tolerances
3. Surface
finishing
Projection
Gen. tolerance
THANK YOU

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fundamentals of drawing and isometric and orthographic projection

  • 2. CONTENTS 1. Engineering Drawing Definition 2. Projection 3. First Angle Projection 4. Third Angle Projection 5. Multi views 6. Conversion of Isometric to orthographic 7. Conversion of orthographic to Isometric
  • 3. ENGINEERING DRAWING 1.Engineering Drawing is a two dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object graphically.
  • 4. 1.The ability to read drawings is the most important requirement of all technical people in engineering profession. Graphics language Describe a shape (mainly). Word language Describe size, location and specification of the object.
  • 5. 1.The classification of Engineering Drawings include: Building drawing, Machine drawing, Electrical drawing etc. 2.Dimensions are indicated on the drawing to define geometric characteristics such as lengths, diameters, radii, angles and locations.
  • 6. SCALE Size in drawing Actual size : 1.All engineering drawings are prepared to some scale. The scale adopted should be the largest possible one. 1.Full size scale, 2.Reducing scale and 3.Enlarging scale. 2.Full size scale 1:1, Reducing scale 1:2, Enlarging scale 50:1
  • 7. PROJECTION  A projection is defined as a representation of an object on a two dimensional plane. There are basically three types of projections. 1.Orthographic projection 2.Isometric projection 3.Perspective projection
  • 8. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION A projection is said to be orthographic, when the point of sight is imagined to be located at infinity, so that the rays of sight are parallel to each other and intersect the plane of projection at right angles to it. Line of sight Line of sight
  • 9. Line of sight is an imaginary ray of light between an observer’s eye and an object. Line of sight Parallel projection Line of sight Perspective projection There are 2 types of LOS : parallel converge and
  • 10. Plane of projection is an imaginary flat plane on which the image is created. The image is produced by connecting the points where the LOS pierce the projection plane. Parallel projection Perspective projection Plane of projection Plane of projection
  • 11. Perspective projection is not used by engineer for manu- facturing of parts, because 1) It is difficult to create. 2) It does not reveal exact shape and size. Width is distorted Disadvantage of Perspective Projection
  • 12. Orthographic projection technique can produce either 1. Multiview drawing that each view show an object in two dimensions. 2. Axonometric drawing that show all three dimensions of an object in one view. Both drawing types are used in technical drawing for communication. ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW
  • 14. Drawing Sheet Sizes Trimmed paper of a size A0 ~ A4. Standard sheet size A4 210 x 297 A3 297 x 420 A2 420 x 594 A1 594 x 841 A0 841 x 1189 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 (Dimensions in millimeters)
  • 15. Example Placement of the text on drawing Dimension & Notes Notes Title Block
  • 16. PROJECTION SYSTEMS 1. First angle system 2. Third angle system First Quadrant Third Quadrant - European country - ISO standard - Canada, USA, Japan, Thailand
  • 17. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION 1st angle system 3rd angle system
  • 18. ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS 1st angle system 3rd angle system Folding line Folding line Folding line Folding line
  • 19. ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS 1st angle system 3rd angle system Front View Front View Right Side View Right Side View Top View Top View
  • 20. First angle system Third angle system PROJECTION SYMBOLS
  • 21. ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS  Isometric projection is a type of pictorial projection in which the three dimensions of a solid are shown in one view
  • 22. CONVERSION OF ORTHOGRAPHIC TO ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
  • 23. CONVERSION OF ISOMETRIC TO ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
  • 24. CONVERSION OF ISOMETRIC TO ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
  • 25. Orthographic views of objects with either (i) a line or (ii) lines missing are given below. Complete the given views. Also draw freehand, the isometric view of each object.
  • 28. EXAMPLE : Interpreting detail drawing General note Revision table Title block 1. Orthographic views 2. Dimensions & Tolerances 3. Surface finishing Projection Gen. tolerance
  • 29.
  • 30.