This document discusses interference, which occurs when two or more waves overlap. There are two types of interference: constructive and destructive. Constructive interference occurs when waves are displaced in the same direction and amplitudes add, while destructive interference occurs when they are displaced in opposite directions and amplitudes subtract. The document provides examples of interference in light, radio, acoustic, and water waves. It describes Young's double-slit experiment, which demonstrated that light behaves as waves that can interfere and was evidence against the particle theory of light.
What is Polarization?
Types of polarized light
Few related terms
Few laws related to polarization
Applications
FOR MORE VISIT: https://tariqalfayad.blogspot.com/
Light waves superimpose each other and the redistribution of energy due to this can be observed in terms of well defined patterns of maxima and minima. Wherein, maxima refers to more energy and minima refers to less energy. Diffraction can also be called as interference in secondary wavelets.
What is Polarization?
Types of polarized light
Few related terms
Few laws related to polarization
Applications
FOR MORE VISIT: https://tariqalfayad.blogspot.com/
Light waves superimpose each other and the redistribution of energy due to this can be observed in terms of well defined patterns of maxima and minima. Wherein, maxima refers to more energy and minima refers to less energy. Diffraction can also be called as interference in secondary wavelets.
POLARIZATION
Polarization is a property of waves that can oscillate with more than one orientation.
Electromagnetic waves such as light exhibit polarization, as do some other types of wave, such as gravitational waves.
Sound waves in a gas or liquid do not exhibit polarization, since the oscillation is always in the direction the wave travels.
This PPT gives an elementary idea about dispersion. The dispersion through prism is discussed in some details & combination of prisms are made to make either dispersion or deviation to be equal to zero.
Polarization of Light and its Application (healthkura.com)Bikash Sapkota
Download link ❤❤https://healthkura.com/eye-ppt/29/❤❤
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polarization of light & its application.
PRESENTATION LAYOUT
Concept of Polarization
Types of Polarization
Methods of achieving Polarization
Applications of Polarization
POLARIZATION
Transforming unpolarized light into polarized light
Restriction of electric field vector E in a particular plane so that vibration occurs in a single plane
Characteristic of transverse wave
Longitudinal waves can’t be polarized; direction of their oscillation is along the direction of propagation.............
For Further Reading
•Optics by Tunnacliffe
•Optics and Refraction by A.K. Khurana
•Principle of Physics, Ayam Publication
•Internet
Polarization and it's application in OphthalmologyRaju Kaiti
Polarization, types of polarization, mechanisms to produce polarization, Applications of polarization, precautions with polarizing sunglasses, ophthalmic uses of polarization
The slide is about single slit diffraction. this slide gives a complete presentataion on the same. it also contains interesting pictures to get a better idea of the topic.
POLARIZATION
Polarization is a property of waves that can oscillate with more than one orientation.
Electromagnetic waves such as light exhibit polarization, as do some other types of wave, such as gravitational waves.
Sound waves in a gas or liquid do not exhibit polarization, since the oscillation is always in the direction the wave travels.
This PPT gives an elementary idea about dispersion. The dispersion through prism is discussed in some details & combination of prisms are made to make either dispersion or deviation to be equal to zero.
Polarization of Light and its Application (healthkura.com)Bikash Sapkota
Download link ❤❤https://healthkura.com/eye-ppt/29/❤❤
Dear viewers Check Out my other piece of works at ❤❤❤ https://healthkura.com/eye-ppt/ ❤❤❤
polarization of light & its application.
PRESENTATION LAYOUT
Concept of Polarization
Types of Polarization
Methods of achieving Polarization
Applications of Polarization
POLARIZATION
Transforming unpolarized light into polarized light
Restriction of electric field vector E in a particular plane so that vibration occurs in a single plane
Characteristic of transverse wave
Longitudinal waves can’t be polarized; direction of their oscillation is along the direction of propagation.............
For Further Reading
•Optics by Tunnacliffe
•Optics and Refraction by A.K. Khurana
•Principle of Physics, Ayam Publication
•Internet
Polarization and it's application in OphthalmologyRaju Kaiti
Polarization, types of polarization, mechanisms to produce polarization, Applications of polarization, precautions with polarizing sunglasses, ophthalmic uses of polarization
The slide is about single slit diffraction. this slide gives a complete presentataion on the same. it also contains interesting pictures to get a better idea of the topic.
Wireless Communication and Networking by WilliamStallings Chap2Senthil Kanth
Hai I'm Senthilkanth, doing MCA in Mepco Schlenk Engineering College..
The following presentation covers topic called Wireless Communication and Networking
by WilliamStallings for BSc CS, BCA, MSc CS, MCA, ME students.Make use of it.
Wireless Communication and Networking
by WilliamStallings Chapter : 2Transmission Fundamentals
Chapter 2
Electromagnetic Signal
Function of time
Can also be expressed as a function of frequency
Signal consists of components of different frequencies
Time-Domain Concepts
Analog signal - signal intensity varies in a smooth fashion over time
No breaks or discontinuities in the signal
Digital signal - signal intensity maintains a constant level for some period of time and then changes to another constant level
Periodic signal - analog or digital signal pattern that repeats over time
s(t +T ) = s(t ) -¥< t < +¥
where T is the period of the signal
Time-Domain Concepts
Aperiodic signal - analog or digital signal pattern that doesn't repeat over time
Peak amplitude (A) - maximum value or strength of the signal over time; typically measured in volts
Frequency (f )
Rate, in cycles per second, or Hertz (Hz) at which the signal repeats
Time-Domain Concepts
Period (T ) - amount of time it takes for one repetition of the signal
T = 1/f
Phase () - measure of the relative position in time within a single period of a signal
Wavelength () - distance occupied by a single cycle of the signal
Or, the distance between two points of corresponding phase of two consecutive cycles
Sine Wave Parameters
General sine wave
s(t ) = A sin(2ft + )
Figure 2.3 shows the effect of varying each of the three parameters
(a) A = 1, f = 1 Hz, = 0; thus T = 1s
(b) Reduced peak amplitude; A=0.5
(c) Increased frequency; f = 2, thus T = ½
(d) Phase shift; = /4 radians (45 degrees)
note: 2 radians = 360° = 1 period
Sine Wave Parameters
Time vs. Distance
When the horizontal axis is time, as in Figure 2.3, graphs display the value of a signal at a given point in space as a function of time
With the horizontal axis in space, graphs display the value of a signal at a given point in time as a function of distance
At a particular instant of time, the intensity of the signal varies as a function of distance from the source
Frequency-Domain Concepts
Fundamental frequency - when all frequency components of a signal are integer multiples of one frequency, it’s referred to as the fundamental frequency
Spectrum - range of frequencies that a signal contains
Absolute bandwidth - width of the spectrum of a signal
Effective bandwidth (or just bandwidth) - narrow band of frequencies that most of the signal’s energy is contained in
Frequency-Domain Concepts
Any electromagnetic signal can be shown to consist of a collection of periodic analog signals (sine waves) at different amplitudes, frequencies, and phases
The period of the total signal is equal to the period of the fundamenta
The topic discusses about the types of wave front formation. It constitutes the difference between diffraction and interference along with a comparison chart and graphics. It also states the types of fringes formation and also states differences between constructive and destructive interference.
What is reflection and interference?
When a wave is reflected straight back from an obstacle, the reflected wave interferes with the original wave and creates a standing wave. This is a wave that appears to be standing still. A standing wave occurs because of a combination of constructive and destructive interference between a wave and its reflected wave.
Tensile, Impact and Hardness Testing of Mild SteelGulfam Hussain
The main purpose of this report is to study the mechanical properties and
failure mode of mild steel. Three types of standard tests i.e. tensile test, impact
test, and hardness test were conducted on the standard specimens of mild steel.
From the tests, results were obtained; Tensile strength, Impact strength, and
hardness were calculated. It was observed that Tensile Strength, Impact Strength
and Hardness of MS specimen were 1450.833 N/mm², 29.5 J & 59.25 HRB.
3. INTERFERENCE
Interference
is an effect that occurs
when two or more waves overlap.
In general, the individual waves do not
affect one another, and the total wave
amplitude at any point in space is
simply the sum of the amplitudes of the
individual waves at that point.
4. TYPES OF INTERFERENCE
Constructive interference
Destructive interference
Constructive Interference
It
is a type of interference where the two
interfering waves have a displacement
in the same direction
6. It
is also observed when both interfering
waves are displaced downward
7. Destructive Interference
It
is a type of interference where the two
interfering waves have a displacement
in the opposite direction.
8. The
principle of superposition of waves
states that when two or more waves are
incident on the same point, the total
displacement at that point is equal to the
vector sum of the displacements of the
individual waves.
If a crest of a wave meets a crest of another
wave of the same frequency at the same
point, then the magnitude of the
displacement is the sum of the individual
magnitudes, this is constructive interference.
9. If
a crest of one wave meets a trough of another
wave then the magnitude of the displacements is
equal to the difference in the individual
magnitudes, this is known as destructive
interference.
Resultant
wave
Wave 1
Wave 2
Constructive interference Destructive interference
10. Constructive
interference occurs when the phase
difference between the waves is a multiple of 2π
Destructive
interference occurs
difference is an odd multiple of π
Interference
when
the
is a phenomenon in which two waves
superimpose to form a resultant wave of greater
or lower amplitude
11. If the difference between the phases is
intermediate between these two extremes, then
the magnitude of the displacement of the
summed waves lies between the minimum and
maximum values.
Mechanism
1 .Between two plane waves
2 .Between two spherical waves
3 .Radio
4.Optical interference
12. Interference
effects can be observed with all
types of waves, for example
Light
Radio
Acoustic
Surface
water waves.
13.
14. (Thomas Young)
Young's
interference experiment, also
called Young's double-slit interferometer,
was the original version of the modern
double-slit experiment, performed at the
beginning of the nineteenth century by
Thomas Young
The
results of Young's Double Slit
Experiment should be very different if light
is a wave or a particle.
16. In
Young's experiment, two very narrow parallel
slits, separated by a distance. Monochromatic
light, from a distant light-source, passes through
the slits and eventually hits a screen.
17. The light waves emanating from each slit are
superposed on the screen. If the waves are out of
phase
then
destructive
interference
occurs, resulting in a dark patch on the screen. On
the other hand, if the waves are completely in
phase
then
constructive
interference
occurs, resulting in a light patch on the screen.