INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN COTTON
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In this PPT you will be able to study about the integrated pest management in cotton, and the different pest which attacks the cotton crop, and what are the ways in which they can be prevented and its control measures (or) its management practices.
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Insect parasitoids have an immature life stage that develops on or within a single insect host, ultimately killing the host, hence the value of parasitoids as natural enemies. Adult parasitoids are free-living and may be predaceous. Parasitoids are often called parasites, but the term parasitoid is more technically correct. Most beneficial insect parasitoids are wasps or flies, although some rove beetles (see Predators) and other insects may have life stages that are parasitoids.
where as the Major characteristics of arthropod predators includes adults and immatures are often generalists rather than specialists, they generally are larger than their prey, they kill or consume many prey males, females, immatures, and adults may be predatory and they attack immature and adult prey.
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Integrated pest management (ipm)
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a pest population management system using all suitable techniques in a compatible manner to keep pest populations below an economic injury level. It was first defined in the 1960s as using both chemical and biological methods to control pests. The key concepts of IPM include understanding agroecosystems, planning crops to avoid susceptible varieties, using cost-benefit analysis and tolerance thresholds, conserving natural enemies, timing treatments based on monitoring, and gaining public understanding of management practices. IPM aims to reduce reliance on pesticides and their negative impacts on health, resistance, and the environment.
Parasitoids
Parasitoids are insects that live on or in the body of another insect host, from which they obtain food and protection for at least part of their lifecycle. They are classified based on their developmental site in the host (ecto- vs endoparasitoid), competition among immature stages (simple, multiple, super parasitism), number developing from a single host (solitary vs gregarious), host specificity (monophagous, oligophagous, polyphagous), and trophic level (primary, secondary, tertiary parasitoids). Important agricultural parasitoids include Trichogramma spp., Chelonus blackburni, Bracon brevicornis, and
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This document discusses cultural control methods for pest management. It defines cultural control as the manipulation of agricultural practices, such as planting time, seed rate, spacing, tillage, crop rotation, and sanitation, to reduce pest damage to crops. The document provides examples of how each cultural control practice can be used against specific pests. It also discusses the historical origins of using cultural practices for pest control in India and provides an overview of different cultural control techniques.
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Pest surveillance involves regularly monitoring pest populations over time in a given area to assess changes. It is important for determining which pest control measures to implement. Common methods of pest surveillance include qualitative and quantitative surveys using various traps, counts, and indices to estimate pest numbers and damage. The key objectives are to identify pests, study population dynamics, estimate crop losses, and monitor how weather and other factors influence pest levels to forecast problems and schedule management actions.
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This document discusses the principles of integrated pest and disease management. It defines integrated pest management as a sustainable approach that combines biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools to manage pests while minimizing risks. The key aspects of IPM include monitoring pests and their natural enemies, using economic thresholds to determine when control is needed, and integrating multiple control tactics such as cultural practices, host plant resistance, and selective use of pesticides.
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Lac is a resinous secretion produced by lac insects for commercial purposes. The most commonly cultivated lac insect species is Kerria lacca. India is the largest producer of lac, with Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh being the chief producers. Lac insect biology and life cycle is described. Rearing of lac insects provides livelihoods while conserving forests. However, lac production faces constraints from natural enemies like predators, parasitoids and insect pests. Integrated pest management approaches like cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical methods are used to manage pests and increase lac yields.
Management of diamond back moth (plutella xylostella linn ) on cabbage
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Mass culturing of npv
This document outlines the process for mass producing Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) of Spodoptera litura. It begins by describing key features of NPV, including that it occurs in polyhedral inclusion bodies and infects the cell nucleus. It then details the steps to culture S. litura on castor leaves and induce infection by feeding virus-coated leaves. The process involves collecting diseased larvae, extracting polyhedral occlusion bodies through centrifugation, and purifying through repeated centrifugation to produce a pure virus suspension quantified as larval equivalents.
Ecological manipulation in pest management
Ecological manipulation and integrated pest management are important approaches. Cultural control methods manipulate the environment to make it less suitable for pests through practices like proper cultivation, crop rotation, trap cropping and resistant varieties. Ecological engineering enhances natural pest control by providing food and shelter for natural enemies. Biological control uses natural enemies like parasitoids and predators that are encouraged and disseminated. The AESA method involves observing crop fields and analyzing the interactions between pests, natural enemies and the environment to inform sustainable management practices.
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Insect Behaviour in IPM_S.Srinivasnaik_RAD21-25.ppt
Insect Behaviour in IPM_S.Srinivasnaik_RAD21-25.ppt
Economic importance of insect-pest , monitoring , survey & surveillance
Economic importance of insect-pest , monitoring , survey & surveillance
Lac insect, it's natural enemies and their management
Lac insect, it's natural enemies and their management
Management of diamond back moth (plutella xylostella linn ) on cabbage
Management of diamond back moth (plutella xylostella linn ) on cabbage
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The document discusses the major pests that affect groundnut production in India such as defoliators, sucking pests, and subterranean pests. It then outlines an integrated pest management approach for groundnuts involving cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical control methods. The summary concludes by listing some key recommendations from research on integrated pest management practices for groundnuts.
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Weeds have been known since the ancient times. Weed are unwanted plant that grow along with the main crop in the field. Weed are considered as cumbersome for successful agriculture production. Due to crop-weed competition the crop yield losses are generally high in agriculture production. So, in order to minimize such losses farmers are practicing several weed management strategies which includes prevention, eradication, control (mechanical, cultural, biological and chemical method). The cultural methods are expensive and time consuming so, farmer have to move towards other alternative methods of weed control Varga et.al (2000). Furthermore, due to rising labor cost and non-availability of labor for manual weeding during the critical period of weed control has contributed to use of herbicides. Herbicides not only timely and effectively controls the weed but also offer a great scope for minimizing the cost of production Varga et.al (2000). Control methods are applied after the emergence of weed on the field while prevention methods of weed control are adopted before sowing the crops. Generally, there are two objectives: 1. To prevent the entry and establishment of weed species in an area.2. To prevent the spread of weed or to limit the weed build up in a field.
These objectives are referred as prevention. And any method that are applied before sowing the crop to prevent there entry , establishment and spreads comes under the prevention category. Focusing on second objective of preventive measures of weed control we can say that some cultural methods such as crop rotation or crop diversification, stale seed bed, tillage system, cover crops ( used as green manures or dead mulches),soil solarization, irrigation and drainage systems and crop residues managements can be included under preventive methods of weed control. In practice, weed management strategies should integrate indirect (preventive) methods with direct (cultural and curative) methods. The first category includes any method used before a crop is sown, while the second includes any methods applied during a crop growing cycle. Methods in both categories can influence either weed density (i.e., the number of individuals per unit area) and/or weed development (biomass production and soil cover). However, while indirect methods aim mainly to reduce the numbers of plants emerging in a crop, direct methods also aim to increase crop competitive ability against weeds.The success of prevention depends on awareness of the problem, species, effort, Co-operation, area.
•Most effective where adopted against a single species on a large area on a cooperative basis.
In conclusion we can say that farmers have several preventive methods in their arsenal that they can put together to build up a good weed management strategy. Preventive weed control is permanent weed control and usually require community action. it. For this process, a collective or joint effort and commitment is required.
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integrated pest management practices for cotton
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cotton crop needs highest pesticide application for pest management, So we came with ipm practices for reducing insecticide spray, to manage the resistance development and secondary outbreak of sucking pestBanana in bihar new
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16. project report of mushroom cultivation
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INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN COTTON
- 1. AEN301.Pests of Field Crops and Stored Produces and their Management (1+1) IPM in Cotton
- 2. Integrated Pest management •Integrated pest management (IPM), also known as integrated pest control (IPC) is a broad-based approach that integrates practices for economic control of pests. IPM aims to suppress pest populations below the economic injury level (EIL).
- 3. Cotton- Gossypium sp • It is a important fiber crop in India and also high valued commercial crop for textile industries • India occupies the largest area in the world under cotton and it ranks third in production. At present this crop is grown in anArea- 12.18 million haProduction-13.73million bales (170kgs each) • All the 4 spices of cotton i.e.Gossypium herbaiumG. herboriumG. hirsutumG. Barbadens are grown in India commercially that's why India is much important in cotton cultivation.
- 4. Cotton pests
- 7. IPM strategies in cotton • Variety traits • Consider insect resistance or tolerance when selecting varieties. For example, early-maturing varieties are less exposed to late-season infestations of pests such as tobacco budworms, bollworms, armyworms and loopers. Additionally, some cotton varieties provide tolerance to diseases and nematodes, which are pests that can delay maturity and increase susceptibility to insects.
- 8. Bt- transgenic varieties • Dual-gene, Bt-transgenic cotton varieties provide better suppression of bollworms and other caterpillar, or lepidopteran, pests than the single-gene Bollgard varieties did. New three-gene Bt technologies are now entering the market that will provide even better performance against worm pests. Additionally, the three- gene Bt technologies will help prevent the development of resistance in worm populations.
- 9. Cultural practices • Plough deeply, clean cultivation to expose the resting pupae, crop rotation and avoidance of ratooning reduces pest population. • Use tolerant varieties. • Trap cropping with crops like tomato, and destroying them when the population is high. • Use of maize and cowpea on borders and wild brinjal and setaria as intercrop significantly helps in reducing the pest population.
- 10. • Sow the crop early. • Use resistant varieties such as Khandwa-2 or the varieties having leaves rich in tannin contents. • Do not use high doses of nitrogenous fertilizers. • Grow cowpea/onion/soybean as an intercrop in cotton to reduce early stage pest. • Use Okra as a trap crop. • Adopt proper crop rotation.
- 11. Pest Monitoring • Pheromone traps are useful tools for monitoring moths. It is an important and major pest of Cotton. Pheromone Traps and Lures 10 No's per acre from 30 day crop stage for effective control of Pink boll worm It is cheaper, simpler, easy to use and maintain. Change lures periods every 45 days for greater efficiency.
- 12. Mechanical control • Cotton is harvested in 3-4 pickings by hand as the boll mature. • The number of pickings varies with the maturity habit of the variety. • Cotton from damaged boll should not be kept with good quality cotton. • Never pick wet cotton. • On dew days, pick cotton in late mornings to avoid moisture in cotton.
- 13. Biological control • Release of egg parasitoids like Trichogramma chilonisor T. brasielenis or T. Achaea @ 150,000 /ha from 45th day onwards at 10-15 days interval (6 releases) and larval parasitoids such as Chilonus blackburni or Bracon brevicornis or Telenomus heliothidae or Carceliaillotaor Coteria kazat or Campoletis chloridae @ 2000 adults/ha at 15 days interval. • . Spray HaNPV @ 250 LE/ha from 35th to 60th day of crop stage. • Apply BtkI @ 1 kg/ha. • Use 5% neem seed kernel extract (NSKE).
- 14. Chemical control • Spray insecticides like Endosulfan35 EC or Triazophos40 EC @2.5 l/ha or Cypermethrin10 EC @ 600-800 ml/ha. • Avoid use of conventional sprays repeatedly. Use Neem based insecticides like 5% Neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) and commercial Neem based formulations @ 500-600 ml/ha, starting from 45 days age of the crop or when ETL is reached. • Use chemical insecticides at the time of ETL of insect is exceed.
- 15. References • https//ipmworld/edu.in • www.insidecotton.in • www.daf.qld.gov.edu