This document discusses different systems for classifying alternate land use and agroforestry systems. It describes five classification approaches: 1) based on structural systems, which considers the components and their arrangements, 2) based on importance of components, 3) based on dominance of components, 4) based on temporal arrangements of components, and 5) based on allied components like sericulture or apiculture. Key systems described include agri-silvi, silvi-pastoral, and agri-silvi-pastoral systems.

1. AGR-302-RAINFEDAGRICULTURE AND WATERSHED
MANAGEMENT (1+1)

2. CLASSIFICATION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEMS

3. ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEMS
• It is defined as an effective economic utilization of land without harming the natural resource
structure based on land capability.
• Land use systems which are alternatives to crop production.
• Same lands may be suitable for range/pasture management and for tree farming and ley
farming, dryland horticulture and agro-forestry systems including alley cropping.
• All these systems which are alternative to crop production are called as alternate land use
systems.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEMS
The alternate land use systems is classified based on the following factors:
a. Classification based on structural systems,
b. Classification based on importance,
c. Classification based on the dominance of the components,
d. Classification based on the temporal arrangements of the components, and
e. Classification based on allied components.

5. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON STRUCTURAL
SYSTEMS
• It can be defined in terms of its components (constituents) and the expected role
(functions) of each of the components that is important that is important but also
their arrangements.
• In agroforestry land use system, there are 3 basic sets of elements or components
that are managed by mam.
• They are:
a. Tree
b. Herbs (agricultural crops including pasture crops) and
c. animals

6. FOLLOWING SYSTEMS ARE AVAILABLE BASED ON
STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION:
I. Agri-silvi-system (crops and trees including shrubs/vines)
II. Silvi pastoral system ( pastures/animals and trees)
III. Agri-silvi-pastoral system (crops, pastures/animals/trees)
IV. Agri-horti system (crops and fruit spices)
V. Silvi-horti- pastoral systems (Trees fruit crops and pastures).

7. 1) AGRI-SILVI SYSTEM
• Agri silviculture is production scheme that supplies wood stuffs and/or animal
products from a single management unit where good agricultural practices
• Agri-silviculture systems are combinations of crops and trees, such as alley
cropping or home gardens.

8. 2) SILVI-PASTORAL SYSTEM
• The productivity of woody plants combined with pasture is referred to as a SILVI-
PASTORAL SYSTEM.
• The trees and shrubs may be used primarily to produced fodder for livestock or
they may be grown for timber, fuelwood, and fruit or to improve the soil.
• A silvi-pastoral system is needed in dry areas, in order to meet out the demands
of wood and fodder throughout year.

9. THERE ARE 3 MAIN CATEGORIES OF SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS & THEY ARE AS
FOLLOWS:
A. Protein bank
B. Live fence of fodder trees and hedges
C. Trees and shrubs on pasture land

10. A. PROTEIN BANK
• In this system, various multipurpose trees (protein rich trees) are planted on or
around farmlands and rangelands.
• For cut and carry fodder production to meet the fodder requirements of
livestock's during the fodder deficit period in winter.
• These trees are rich in protein.
• The trees planted in PROTEIN BANK ARE: Grewia optiva, Bauhinia variegate,
Morus alba, Artocarpus spp., Anogeissus latifolia, Cordia dichotoma, Dolbergia
sissoo, etc.,

11. B) LIVE FENCE OF FODDER TREES AND HEDGES
• In this system, various fodder trees and shrubs are planted as live fence to
protect the property from stray animals.
• To protect the farm property from biotic influences.
• The following trees are generally used: Sesbania grandiflora, Gliricidia sepium,
Euphorbia spp, Acacia spp. Etc.

12. C) TREES AND SHRUBS ON PASTURE LAND:
• In this system various trees and shrubs species are scattered irregularly or
arranged according to some systematic pattern.

13. 3) AGRI-SILVI-PASTORAL SYSTEM
• Growing of trees, agricultural crops and grasses together in same lands at the
same time is known as AGRI-SILVI PASTORAL SYSTEM.
• This is typically hill farming system of Nepal, in which agriculture crops are
grown in terrace flats, trees in terrace bunds, borders and slopes and grasses in
terrace slopes, and some farmers have been growing improved legume and
non-legume grasses such as MOTT NAPIER (Pennisetum purpureum), Setaria
(Setaria splendida),

14. 4) AGRI-HORTI SYSTEM
• This system is defined as growing of agricultural crops, trees and fruit trees or
ornamental trees or vegetables/flower together in same lands at the same time.
• The tree crops such as Tankii, Ipil ipil etc. and timber and firewood species such
as Sissoo, Eucalyptus, etc.,. Are grown around fruit orchards that acts as an
shelter belt, and agricultural crops such as ginger, turmeric, yam, colocassia and
vegetables are grown under fruit trees.

15. 5) SILVI-HORTI PASTORAL SYSTEM
• Growing of fruits crops or growing of horticultural crops on an pastoral land is
called as SILVI-HORTI PASTORAL SYSTEM.

16. B) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON IMPORTANCE
• The agro-foresty system could also be classified on the basis of importance
given to a constituent viz., based on the main structure.
• Example: agri-silvi, agri-horti, horti, silvi, silvi pastoral etc.

17. C) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON DOMINANCE
• This system could be defined on the basis of dominance of the components.

18. D) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON TEMPORAL
ARRANGEMENTS OF THE COMPONENTS
• It includes the following:
I. COINCIDENT: different crops occupy the land together e.g., coffee under shade
trees, pasture under trees.
II. CONCOMITANT: The component stay together for some part of the life. E.g,
agricultural crops are grown for only a few years.
III. INTERMITTENT: Space is dominated, the annual crops are grown with perennial
crops.
IV. INTERPOLATED: Space & time are dominant. Different- components occupy the
space during different time as in home gardens.

19. E) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON ALLIED
COMPONENT
It includes the following:
I. Agroforestry cum sericulture,
II. Agroforestry cum apiculture,
III. Agroforestry cum pisciculture, and
IV. Agroforestry cum lac culture