In this PPT presentation you will come to know about the different kinds of vegetations present/ located in INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT. And also you will come to know about different ANIMAL and PLANTS/TREES SPECIES which is located in that specific regions.

1. By
B.subhash
IX ‘B’

4. s.no
Title website
001 Thorn forests http://www.wikipedia.com/thorn forests
located India/
002 Deccan thorn forests
and scrubs
http://www.eikipedia.com/deccan thorn
forests and scrubs in India /
003 Flora (plants), in
Deccan thorn forests
and scrubs
http:// flora (plants), in Deccan thorn
forests and scrubs/
004 Fauna (animals), in
Deccan thorn forests
and scrubs
http:// fauna (animals), in Deccan thorn
forests and scrubs/
005 Map of some
vegetations located in
India
http:// India vegetation map/www.maps of
india.com// India vegetation/
006 Natural vegetation http://www.importantindia.com/8669/types
-of-natural-vegetation-in-india/

5. 007 FORESTS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest
008 Bio – diversity http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity
009 Facts about thorn
forests and scrubs
http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/151665
/

6. s.no TITLE
OO1 Types of Vegetations
002 Forests
003 Pictures of forests
004 Thorn forests
005 Pictures of thorn forests
006 Deccan thorn and scrub forests
007 Flora (plants), in Deccan and thorn forests

7. 008 Pictures of flora (plants),in Deccan thorn and scrubs forests.
009 Fauna (animals), in Deccan thorn and scrub forests
010 Pictures of fauna (animals), in Deccan thorn and scrub
011 Map of some natural vegetation of INDIA
012 Forest type group
013 Some pictures of forests located in INDIA
014 Some collages of plants living in INDIA
015 Bio – diversity
016 Pictures of Bio – diversity
017 Natural vegetation
018 Facts about thorn forests and scrubs

11.  A Forest is a large area of land covered with trees or
other woody vegetation.
 Hundreds of more precise definitions of forest are used
throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree
density, tree height, land use, legal standing and
ecological function.
 According to the widely-used United Nations Food and
Agriculture Organization definition, forests covered an
area of four billion hectares (15 million square miles) or
approximately 30 percent of the world's land area in 2006.

13.  Natural vegetation are gifts of nature.
 They grow naturally.
 They follow the climatic variables.
 Due to variety of climates, a wide range of natural
vegetation grows in India.
 Types of natural vegetation vary according to
climate, soil and altitude.
 A study of the distribution of the forests in India
reveals that there is a marked relation between the
rainfall zones and their belts of natural vegetation.

15.  A thorn forest is a dense, scrub like vegetation characteristic of dry
subtropical and warm temperate areas with a seasonal rainfall averaging
250 to 500 mm (9.8 to 19.7 in).
 This vegetation covers a large part of southwestern North America and
southwestern Africa and smaller areas in Africa, South America, and
Australia.
 In South America, thorn forest is sometimes called Caatinga, and consists
primarily of small, thorny trees that shed their leaves seasonally.
 Trees typically do not exceed 10 metres (33 ft) in height, usually averaging
between 7 and 8 metres (23 and 26 ft) tall. Thorn forest grades into
savanna woodland as the rainfall increases and into desert as the climate
becomes drier.

18.  The Deccan thorn scrub forests is a xeric shrub
land eco region of India and northernmost Sri Lanka, a
large area that was once forest and home to large
numbers of elephants and tigers. Location and
description This eco region covers the arid portions of
the Deccan Plateau, extending across the Indian states
of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil
Nadu to the Northern Province, Sri Lanka| Northern
Province of Sri Lanka.
 Only small patches of natural habitat remain the as
most of the region has been cleared for grazing land.
 The annual rainfall is less than 750 mm (30 in), all
falling during the short rainy season and the area
receives no rainfall during the months of November to
April.

19.  Today the remaining patches of forest are mostly of southern tropical
thorn scrub type, they also include patches of the original vegetation,
tropical dry deciduous forests.
 The southern tropical thorn scrub type forests consist of open, low
vegetation that is characterised by thorny trees with short trunks and
low, branching crowns that rarely meet to form a closed canopy. In
this vegetation, the trees attain maximum heights of 6–9 m (20–30 ft).
 Typical grasses of the ecoregion include Chrysopogon
fulvus, Heteropogon contortus, Eremopogon foveolatus, Aristida setacea,
and Dactyloctenium species.
 The second story of the thorn scrub forests in Maharashtra is poorly
developed and mainly consists spiny and xerophytes species, mostly
shrubs.

20.  An ill-defined lower story can also be discerned, during the brief wet
season. The plant species that dominate the vegetation in these forests are
Acacia species, Balkanizes roxburghii, Cordia
myxa, Capparis, Prosopis, Azadirachta indicia, Cassia fistula, Diospyros
chloroxylon, Carissa carandas, and Phoenix sylvestris. There are also several
other habitat types found in these forests.
 The driest, rockiest areas of the eco region are covered with a scrub
dominated by species of Euphorbia. The soil is usually bare in these areas;
however, some grassy growth may also appear during the short monsoon
season.

21.  The remaining patches of forest are also home to a large number of plants,
some of medicinal and botanical interest, including an endemic cycad (Cycas
beddomei) and Psilotum nudum.
 A small patch of the tree Shorea talura also exists within the Chittoor forest
division, part of which is being maintained as a preservation plot by the Forest
Department of Andhra Pradesh.
 Finally, the area between the Nallamala and Seshachalam Hills is well known
for the Red Sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus), a rare, endemic tree species that is
harvested for the medicinal value of its wood.

24.  The dry grasslands that predominate do provide habitat for the native
fauna remaining scattered amid the thorn scrub.
 The grasslands of southern Andhra Pradesh support a good population of
the Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) and Blackbuck (Antelopes
cervicapra), although these and other species are declining in number.
 The forests used to provide habitat to two prominent mammal species,
the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) and the Indian Elephant (Elephas
maximus indicus), until recently but their populations have dwindled and
even become locally extinct. The ecoregion and is the southern limit of
the Nilgai antelope (Boselaphus tragocamelus).
 The ecoregion is home to a total of ninety-six mammal fauna species, out
of which, three are considered endemic: Split Roundleaf Bat (Hipposideros
schistaceus), Kondana Soft-furred Rat (Millardia kondana), and Elvira
Rat (Cremnomys elvira). Other threatened mammal species found in these
forests include the tiger, gaur (Bos gaurus), Dhole (Cuon alpinus), Sloth
Bear (Melursus ursinus), Chousingha (Tetracerus quadricornis), and
Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra).

25. fronted Barbet (Meghalaya flatirons).
 Among these, the Jerdon's Courser is also considered a
globally threatened species, and was rediscovered in this
ecoregion in 1986 after being recorded for the last time in 1900.
 Other globally threatened bird species such as the Lesser
Florida (Sypheotides indices) and Indian Bustard can also be
found in the eco region.

36.  Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life. It is a measure
of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems.
 This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation,
or species variation (number of species) within an
area, biome, or planet.
 Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be highest near the equator,
which seems to be the result of the warm climate and
high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly
on Earth.
 It is the richest in the tropics.
 Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the
Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest
and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans.
 There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity
generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been
increasing through time but will be likely to slow in the future.
 Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass

39.  The Deccan Thorn Scrub Forests harbor the last populations of the globally
threatened Jerdon's courser (Rhinoptilus bitorquatus), rediscovered recently, eighty-
six years since it was last recorded in 1900.
 Otherwise, the eco region is neither exceptionally species-rich nor high in
endemism.
 Many ecologists believe that the thorn scrub vegetation represents a degraded
stage of the tropical dry forests, modified by human and livestock use over
hundreds of years.
 The eco region represents the thorn scrub vegetation in the arid parts of the
Deccan Plateau.
 It sprawls across the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and
Maharashtra and also includes part of northern Sri Lanka.
 The Deccan Plateau itself was part of the ancient southern continent,
Gondwanaland, that disintegrated during the Cretaceous to give rise to the Indian
Subcontinent as well as Africa, Madagascar, Australia, South America, and New
Guinea and some of the smaller islands such as New Caledonia and Tasmania.