IPM

1. Integrated Pest
Management
(IPM)

2. Barlet -1956
The term Integrated pest control
(IPC)
Geirer and Clerk - 1961
The term Integrated pest
management (IPM)

3. What is IPM?
 Smith and Ronalds -1965
 “ IPM defined as the pest population
management system that utilizes all
suitable techniques and methods in
compatible manner to reduce or
maintain the pest population below
EIL.”

4. History of IPM
 Michelbacher and Bacon – 1952
coined term Integrated control .
 Stern et al. 1959
defined integrated control as applied
pest control .
 Geier 1966
coin the term pest management .

5.  CEQ – Council On Environmental
Quality
In 1972 gave the term IPM.
 FAO – Food And Agriculture
Organization
In 1967 defined IPM.
 1989 – IPM Task force was
established

6.  1990 –
IPMWG ( IPM working group)
constituted to implementation
of IPM at international
level.

7. Reasons for IPM
 Chemical pesticides
can impact the
human health and
ecosystems
 Example: DDT,
pesticide, can
accumulate in the
fatty tissue of
animals and affect
bird reproduction

8.  Insects can
become resistant
to chemical
pesticides
 Approximately
500 species of
insects are
resistant to one
or more
pesticides

9.  Eg- OP Insecticides and synthetic
pyrethroid resistance in Helicoverpa
armigera .
 Outbreak of secondary pest
eg – white flies emerged as major pest
when spraying insecticides againest
Helicoverpa armigera .
 Resurgence of target pest
Eg- BPH of rice increased when some
OP chemicals are applied.

10.  The non target organisms like
parasites ,predator ,and
pollinators are killed.
 Indiscriminate use of pesticides
lead to ecological imbalance by
killing predator and parasitoids .
 This may create legal problems
through food contamination and
pollution .

11. Concept of IPM
1.Understanding the agriculture ecosystem
 Typical agro ecosystem contains 1-4
major crop spp. and 6-10 major pest
spp.
 Agro ecosystem is intensively manipulated
by man for ploughing , inter cultivation
and treatment with pesticides
 Pest population greatly influenced by
these practice.
 Agro ecosystem more susceptible to pest
damage.

12. 2.Planning Of Agro Ecosystem
 Growing of susceptible varieties
should be avoided and related crops
should not be grown.
 eg- 1.Bhendi followed by cotton
increases incidence of spotted
borer
2.Groundnut followed by
soyabean increases incidence of
the leaf miner

13. 3.Cost benefit ratio -
The crop life table to provide solid
information analysis of pest damage as
well as cost benefit ratio in pest
management.
Benefit risk analysis comes when a
chemical pesticide is applied in agro
ecosystem for considering its impact on
society and environment relevant to its
benefit.

14. 4.Tolerance to pest damage
 The pest free crop is neither
necessary in for high yield
 Eg – castor crop can tolerate up
to 25 % defoliation.
 Exception occur in case of plant
disease transmission by vector.

15. 5.Leaving pest residues
Indiscriminate use of
pesticide eliminate natural
enemies .
Pest management is the
important concept to leave a
permanent pest residues below
ETL, so the natural enemies
survive.

16. 6.Timing of treatment.
 Treatment in terms of pesticide
spray should be need based with
minimum number of sprays ,timely
scheduled. Combined with improved
techniques of pest monitoring and
crop development.
 Eg – use of pheromone traps for
monitoring of pest population.

17. 7.Public understanding
and acceptance -
 In order to deal with various
pest problem special effort
should be made for effective
communication to the people for
better understanding and
acceptance of pest management
practice .

18. Tools of IPM
 Culture method / control.
 Mechanical method
 Physical control
 Legal method
 HPR.
 Chemical method
 Biological method