The document discusses the major pests that affect groundnut production in India such as defoliators, sucking pests, and subterranean pests. It then outlines an integrated pest management approach for groundnuts involving cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical control methods. The summary concludes by listing some key recommendations from research on integrated pest management practices for groundnuts.

2. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,RAICHUR
PRESENTATION ON
Presented by,
Jayant J P
PG20AGR12016
Department of Agricultural
Entomology.
UAS Raichur

3. CONTENTS
•Introduction
•Pests of Groundnut.
•Integrated management of Groundnut
pests.
•References.

4. • Groundnut is an important oilseed and ancillary food crop of
the world.
• Besides expulsion of oil, it is used for production of
groundnut-butter and a host of other food products.
• India has the largest groundnut growing area in the world and
is the second largest producer after China.
• In India, groundnut is cultivated during kharif, rabi and
summer seasons under various cropping systems.
• The major groundnut growing states are Gujarat, Andhra
Pradesh, Kamataka, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan and Maharashtra
covering about 90 per cent of total groundnut area.
INTRODUCTION

5. • The productivity is, however, low (around 1257 kg/ha) as
compared to other groundnut growing countries like United
States of America, China, and Myanmar.
• Rainfed cultivation of groundnut coupled with attack by
plethora of insect-pests and diseases are the major reasons for
low productivity.
• The estimated annual losses of approximately Rs. 238 crore in
groundnut are due to insect-pests, diseases and weeds.
• More than 100 insect-pests are reported to infest groundnut
crop. Major ones are discussed below

6. DEFOLIATORS
 Groundnut leafminer (Aproraema modicella)
 Tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura)
 Red hairy caterpillar (Amsacta albistriga,A. moorei)
 Gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera)
SUCKING PESTS
 Thrips ( Caliothrips indicus, FranklinieUa schultzei,
Thrips palmi, Scirtothrips dorsalis)
 Aphids (Aphis craccivora)
 Leatbopper/Jassids (Empoasca kerri)
 Mealybugs (Phenacoccus solenopsis)
SUBTERRANEAN PESTS
 White grubs/Root grubs (Holotrichia consanguinea, H. serrata)
 Termites ( Odontotermes obesus, Microtermes obesi)

7. MINOR INSECT PESTS
• Pod bug (Elasmolomus sordidus)
• Jewel beetle/Stem borer (Sphenoptera perotetti)
• Earwig/Pod borer(Euborellia stalli)
• Bud borer (Anarsia ephippias)

15. ETL’S

16. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

17. CULTURAL PRACTICES
• Timely sowing of the crop.
• Deep summer ploughing
after the kharif crop, the
field should be ploughed to
expose the pupae to
predatory birds.
• Castor and Sunflower as
trap crop against
defoliators.
• Pearl millet /Maize as
border crops.

18. • Irrigate once to avoid
prolonged mid-season
drought to prevent pre-
harvest infestation.
• Planting of cowpea or
soybean as trap crops.
• Always use well
decomposed organic
manure.
• Collection and destruction of
white grub adults from host
trees around the field.

19. • Crop rotation with sorghum or
maize.
• Digging the termitaria and
destruction of the queen is
most important in termite
management.Harvest the
groundnuts as soon as they
are matured, which will reduce
termite damage to pods.
• Intercropping groundnut with
Pennisetum glaucum
enhanced the parasitoid
Goniozus spp. on leaf miner.

20. •Use of tolerant or resistant varities.

21. Mechanical Control
• Hand picking and destruction of
various insect stages and the
affected plant part.
• Up-root and destroy severely
infected plants.
• Erection of light traps soon
after the monsoon for 20-45
days and collecting and killing of
adult moths are found very
effective.
• Install pheromone trap @
10/ha for mass trapping.

22. • Use of sticky traps
againt sucking pests.
• Install 10-12 bird
perches/ha.
• Mulching with rice straw
causes reduction in leaf
miner incidence and
increase in percentage
parasitism.

23. • For managing red hairy
caterpillar, dig furrow
trenches around field.
• Use of Mud pot traps
againts root grub beetles.

24. Biological control
• Conserve the natural enemies like,
coccinellids, spiders,
hymenopteran and dipteran
parasitoids.
• Release adults of Trichogramma
chilonis or Telenomus remus @
50000/ha, two times at 7-10 days
interval followed by release of
Bracon hebetor @ 50000/ha two
times at 7-10 days against
leafminer and defoliators.

25. • Augment the release of
Cheilomenes sexmaculata
@ 1250/ha.
• Conserve bio agents like
flower bugs (anthocorids),
lady bird beetles
(coccinellids), praying
mantis, hover flies
(syrphids), green lace wing
(chrysopids), long horned
grass hoppers and spiders

26. • Spray commercial
formulation of nuclear
polyhedrosis viruses
(NPV-Spodoptera and
NPV-Helicoverpa) for the
management of tobacco
caterpillar and gram pod
borer @ 0.4ml/L and
granulosis virus (GV-
Amsacta) @0.3 ml/L for
redhairy caterpillars.
• Spray entomopathogenic
fungus like, Nomuraea rileyi
and Beauveria bassiana @
2g/L for defoliator pests and
Verticillium lecanii @5 g/L
for sucking pests.
• Spray entomopathogenic
bacteria, Bacillus
thuringiensis @ 2 g/L
against red hairy caterpillar,
tobacco caterpillar and gram
pod borer.

28. CHEMICAL CONTROL
• Apply safe chemical insecticides at recommended doses
only if the insect population crosses the ETL.
• Young crop may be applied with Dimethoate 30 EC @
1.7ml/ltr of water or Imidachloprid 17.8 SL 0.3 ml in 1 lit. of
water or thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.2 g/L or acetamiprid 20
SP @ 0.2 g/L between 25 and 30 days after sowing for
managing sucking pests like, thrips and leafhoppers.
• For grown up caterpillars - spray profenophos 1-2 ml in 1 lit.
of water (or) dichlorvos 1 ml in 1 lit. of water (or)
chlorpyriphos 2 ml in 1 liters of water.

29. • Poison bait with Carbaryl, rice bran, jaggery and water
can be used to control the grown up larvae.
• Need based application chlorpyriphos 20 EC @2.5 ml/Lor
quinalphos 25 EC @2 ml/L or profenofos @50 EC @2
ml/Lor fiubendiamide 480 SC @ 0.2 ml/Lor novaluron
10EC @ 1 ml/L for managing the defoliator pests like,
tobacco caterpillar and gram pod borer.
• Need based application profenofos@50 EC @2 ml/Lor
spinosad 45 SC@0.3 ml/L or fiubendiamide 480 SC @
0.2 ml/Lor quinalphos 25 EC @ 2 ml/L for managing
leafminer.

30. AICRP GROUNDNUT, UAS RAICHUR
•Management of groundnut leaf miner through chemical: spraying 2 ml
of Profenophos 50 C per litre of water on 30th and 45th days after
sowing.
•Integrated management of insect pests in irrigated groundnut:
Application of neem cake @ 500 kg/ha, boarder cropping with pearl
millet, castor as a sprinkle crop, pheromone traps for Spodoptera @
5/ha, need based application of insecticides quinolphos.
•Management of defoliators through Flubendiamide 48SC @ 0.075ml/lt
and Spinosad 45 SC @ 2ml/lt .
•Management of groundnut defoliator pests using botanicals (R/S):
Pongamia oil @ 3 ml/l or Azadirachtin 3% @ 3 ml/lit or Neem oil @ 3.0
ml/lit or Pongemia oil 50% plus Neem oil 50% @ 3 ml/l were found
effective.

31. DO's AND DON'T s IN GROUNDNUT PEST MANAGEMENT
Do's:
• Soil solarization, deep tillage and clean cultivation (keep the field free from
weeds and crop debris).
• Seed treatment, crop rotation and intercropping practices.
• Need-based application of fertilizers.
• Surveillance and monitoring of the pest for need-based management
practices.
• Prefer bio-pesticides over synthetic pesticides unless the situation warrants.
• Conserve natural enemies of pests by growing refuge crops.
• Apply pesticides including bio-pesticides ( entomopathogenic bacteria,
fungus and viruses) during morning and evening hours of the day.
• Remove and destroy plants infected by groundnut bud necrosis disease.

32. Don'ts:
• Avoid deposition of soil particles on germinated plants during inter-
cultural operations.
• Do not apply overdose of N fertilizers which increase the plant growth
and crop susceptibility to insect-pests and diseases.
• Avoid indiscriminate use of pesticides.
• Avoid spurious pesticides.
• Do not spray pesticides during hot sunny hours and against the
direction of wind.
• Do not use broad spectrum pesticides.
• Do not keep groundnut bud necrosis affected plants in the field.
• Avoid storing produce with >9% moisture in storage structures/
godowns.
• Do not store produce in infested godowns or gunny bags .

33. References
• Crop protection technologies generated through – AICRP,
Ground nut
• IPM – Pakage for Ground nut – NCIPM
• Integrated pest and disease management in ground nut-
ICAR-DIRECTORATE OF GROUNDNUT RESEARCH
• AICRP- Groundnut, Raichur.

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