This document discusses various methods for managing insect pests that infest stored grains. It notes that losses due to pests in India are around 10% but can be as high as 30-50% in other developing countries. Preventive methods include sanitation, proper stacking, and disinfestation of storage areas. Curative methods include ecological, mechanical, physical, cultural, botanical, chemical and biological controls. Specific techniques covered are controlling temperature and moisture levels, screening grains, traps, heat treatment, controlled atmospheres using gases, inert dusts, crop treatments, botanical pesticides from plants like neem, chemical pesticides like malathion and phosphine fumigation, and engineering controls.

1. Management of Stored grain insect pest
• Submitted to-
• Dr. Swati Mehra
• Submitted by-
• Kapil Mahla
• K2015A18BiV

2. Introduction
• Losses of stored food grain by diff . Agencies
in India Is 10%.
• In other developing countries losses may
extent to 30 to 50 %.
• The agencies that responsiblefor losses are
:Rodents,Insect , mite etc.

3. Management
A. Preventive method of control
B. curative method of control
A.Preventive method of control:
1. Hygiene and Sanitation.
2. Proper stacking.
3. Disinfestation of Storage Containers , structures
and stores.

4. Curative methods
1. Ecological
2. Mechanical
3. Physical
4. Cultural
5. Botanical
6. Chemical
7. Biological
8. Engineering

5. Ecological Measures
• A. Storage temp.
• B. Grain moisture content
• C. Availability of moisture

6. Storage temp.

8. Grain moisture content
Grain Temp. °C
Moisture 20° 30°
14% 3 month N/A
13% 9 month 3 month
12% >9 month 9 month
• Seed
deterioration
- 12-16%

11. Availability Of Oxygen
• Reduction in oxygen level affect rep. capacity
of insects.
• Ways to decrease oxygen availability
1. Adding CO2
2. Adding N2
3. Adding both N2 & CO2
4. Creating vaccum.

12. Mechanical Measures
•Screening
• Sieving out or screening remove insect attack
by removing broken and cracked grain.
• Screening should be destroyed immediately

13. Grain protection device
1. TNAU Insect Egg
Remover
2. TNAU Insect Prob Trap
3. TNAU Insect stack trap
4. UV light trap for
godown

14. Insect Prob Trap

15. Physical Control Measure
• Most of insect die at
55-60 C within 15-20
min.
• It can be achieved by
infra red heaters.

17. 2. Controlled atmosphere
• It can be achieved by-
1. Adding CO2 (9-10%)
2. Adding N2
3. Adding both N2 & CO2
4. Reduce O2 (2-4%)
5. Allow insect to do full
metabolic activity.

18. 3. Mixing of inert material
• Inert material desiccate
cuticle of insects.
• Efficacy depends on
1. Size
2. Shape & form
3. Humidity

20. Cultural control
1. Splitting of pulses
2. Parboiling of rice

21. Biological control
• Plant having toxicity
against insect pest –
1. Neem
2. Castor
3. Datura
4. Calatropis
• Successful e.g.
1. Neem oil @ 1ml/100g of
seed control 99%
C.chinensis pop.
– Castor oil is used in
cowpea seeds.

23. Chemical control
• Most widely & most
successful
1. Treatment by contact
insecticide
2. Treatment by
fumigation

24. Contact Insecticide
• Malathion-
– Attack CNS.
– Grain treated with malathion
should not be sold for 7 days.
– Use on cereal grains. It is not
registered for use on
oilseeds.

25. Fumigant
• Methyl bromide - highly
toxic
– Colourless
– Odourless
– Residual effect in the grain
and accumulates in the
human body.
• Aluminium phosphide –
– Excellent penetration
capacity.
– Very effective against most
pests but does affect taste or
smell of the fumigated grain.
– it leaves no residues on the
grain, so it can safely be used
for food grains.
– 1 tablet (3g) per metric
tonnes.

26. Engineering Control Measures