Igneous rocks form from the crystallization of magma. There are two main types - extrusive rocks that cool quickly at the surface, and intrusive rocks that cool slowly underground. Sedimentary rocks form through the lithification of sediments. Sediments are produced through weathering and erosion, transported, deposited, and cemented together over time under pressure. Metamorphic rocks form when rocks are subjected to high temperatures and pressures, causing their mineral composition and structure to change without melting. The rock cycle shows how rocks continuously transform between igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic types through geological processes.

1. Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks Chapter 5 & 6 P Squires 2005-2006

3. What are igneous rocks? Rocks formed from crystallization of magma.

4. Types of Igneous Rocks Extrusive – fine grained and quickly cooled. Intrusive – coarse grained and slowly cooled.

5. Composed of Magma

6. Magma Elements Oxygen Silicon Aluminum Iron Magnesium Calcium Potassium Sodium

9. Bowen’s Reaction Series Illustration of the relationship between cooling magma and mineral formation. Feldspar – undergoes continuous change. Iron-Rich Minerals – undergo abrupt change.

11. Layered Intrusions

12. Classification of Igneous Rocks Mineral Composition Grain Size Texture

13. http://www.volcanoworld.org/vwdocs/vwlessons/lessons/Rocks/Rocks8.html

15. Discovery Lab Model Sediment Layering Lab Page 121

16. Sedimentary Sediments – pieces of solid material that have been deposited on the Earth’s surface by Wind Water Ice Gravity Precipitation

17. Weathering Where surface is being worn away Breaks rocks into smaller pieces Produces clastic (broken) rocks

19. Erosion and Transport Rocks are then transported to new locations Surface material is removed (erosion)

20. Deposition When sediments are laid down on the ground or found in the bottom of bodies of water. Some are sorted, but some are not How would they be sorted?

21. Deposition

22. Lithification Processes that transform sediments into sedimentary rocks. What is cementation?

23. Lithification

24. Clastic sedimentary rocks Coarse-Grained Clastic Medium-Grained Clastic Fine-Grained Clastic

25. Rocks formed from Evaporation

26. Metamorphic Rocks When rocks don’t meet the magma stage, they become metamorphic rocks. Combinations of temperature and pressure form different kinds of metamorphic rocks.

27. Foliated Metamorphic Rocks

28. Foliated Metamorphic Rocks Wavy layers Bands

29. Non-foliated Metamorphic Rock

30. Non-foliated Metamorphic Rock

31. Rock Cycle

32. Rock Cycle

33. Rock Cycle

34. Rock Cycle

35. Rock Cycle

36. Rock Cycle