This document provides an introduction to different types of rocks and their formation processes. It discusses igneous rocks such as granite and basalt that form from the cooling of magma, sedimentary rocks like sandstone and limestone that form through the compaction and cementation of sediments, and metamorphic rocks that form from the alteration of existing rocks through heat and pressure. It also introduces the rock cycle concept whereby rocks continuously transform between igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic types through geological processes over long periods of time.

1. You Rock My World Introduction to Rocks and Landforms Mdm Masayu Mahmud Department of Humanities Innova Junior College, Singapore

9. Formation of igneous rocks http://sln.fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/oct98/create/igneous.htm http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Canopy/1080/igneous_formation.htm

11. Examples of Igneous Rocks Granite 1. Light color 2. Low specific gravity 3. Coarse grained 4. Forms on the continents deep underground Basalt 1. Dark color 2. High specific gravity 3. Fine grained 4. Forms at the surface, principally in the ocean basins, but also in isolated "hot spots" on the continents.

12. Pictorial Classification of Igneous Rocks http://geollab.jmu.edu/Fichter/IgnRx/Introigrx.html

18. Examples of Sedimentary Features and Landforms The Queen’s Throne- Utah http://www.uh.edu/~jbutler/physical/chapter7.html Narracoorte Caves, southeastern SA Stalactites (of mineral calcite). Biochemical and inorganic sedimentary limestone rocks.

24. Examples of Metamorphic Rocks Slate is a fine grained metamorphic rock. Created by minor metamorphism of shale or mudstone . Rock is characterized by the foliation of its mineral grains which causes it to have cleavage that is parallel. Gneiss is a coarse grained metamorphized igneous rock. In this rock, you get the recrystallization and foliation of quartz , feldspars , micas , and amphiboles into alternating light and dark colored bands.

26. Foliated vs. Non-Foliated? The minerals grains in rocks subjected to extreme pressure often rearrange themselves in a parallel fashion, creating a foliated texture ( Image A - before metamorphism; Image B - after metamorphism).

27. Do Rocks Always Stay the Same?

29. Diagrammatic Representation of Rock Cycle http://www.science.ubc.ca/~geol202/rock_cycle/rockcycle.html

33. Geologic Map of Singapore