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2. • Avoid making unnecessary noise.
• If you have questions, raise your
hand.
• No cell phones.
• Be active and attentive to our
discussion.
• Violating the rules above 3 times,
all of you will have a punishment.
CLASSROOM RULES

3. • Differentiate rocks according to
their type.
• Classify rocks into the three main
types: igneous, metamorphic, and
sedimentary, based on their
characteristics and formation
processes.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

4. • Aggregate of various
types of minerals or
individual grains of the
same kind of mineral.
• Most consist of several
minerals
What is ROCK?

5. • How many minerals
can you see in this
picture?
What is ROCK?
Granite

6. Mica
What is ROCK?
Feldspar
Quartz
Amphibole
Granite

7. Rocks are formed through LITHIFICATION
PROCESS OF ROCK FORMATION
There are 3 ways for lithification to
occur
• COMPACTION
• CEMENTATION
• RECRYSTALLIZATION

8. COMPACTION
PROCESS OF ROCK FORMATION
The consolidation of
the sediments due to
the intense pressing of
weight making the
them lose the porosity.

9. CEMENTATION
PROCESS OF ROCK FORMATION
Dissolved minerals crystallize
and glue sediments together.
Happen when ions of ground
water precipitates.

10. LITHIFICATION
PROCESS OF ROCK FORMATION

11. RECRYSTALLIZATION
PROCESS OF ROCK FORMATION
Unstable minerals recrystallize
into stable minerals that
causes grains to bind together

12. THREE MAJOR TYPES OF ROCKS
TYPES OF ROCKS
• Sedimentary Rocks
• Metamorphic Rocks
• Igneous Rocks

13. IGNEOUS ROCKS
TYPES OF ROCKS
• Molten rock material
that cools and solidify.
• Can be classified as
Extrusive and Intrusive.

14. IGNEOUS ROCKS
TYPES OF ROCKS
• Extrusive igneous rocks
• A volcanic material (lava)
that cools down in the
surface.
• Characterized by fine
grained crystals due to fast
cooling.

15. IGNEOUS ROCKS
TYPES OF ROCKS
• Intrusive igneous rocks
• Also known as plutonic
rock. A volcanic material
that cools and solidifies
underneath or under the
surface.

16. IGNEOUS ROCKS
TYPES OF ROCKS
• Intrusive igneous
rocks
• Characterize by
coarse grained
crystall due to
slow process of
cooling.

17. COMPOSITION
CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
• FELSIC
• the light-colored (felsic)
minerals feldspar and silica in
the form of quartz. These
have more silica as a
proportion of their overall
chemical formula.

18. COMPOSITION
CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
• INTERMEDIATE
• composition between felsic
and mafic. Contains roughly
equal amounts of light and
dark minerals.

19. COMPOSITION
CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
• MAFIC
• It is mostly made of dark
minerals like pyroxene and
olivine, which are rich in iron
and magnesium and relatively
poor in silica.

20. COMPOSITION
CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
• ULTRAMAFIC
• the extremely mafic rocks
composed of mostly olivine
and some pyroxene which
have even more magnesium
and iron and even less silica.

21. • ULTRAMAFIC (Coarse
grained)
• APHANITIC (Fine grained)
• PORPHYRITIC (Large
crystalls in a large matrix)
• VESICULAR (Bubbly or
frothy)
TEXTURE
CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

22. • GLASSY
• PYROCLASTIC
(Fragmental)
TEXTURE
CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

23. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
TYPES OF ROCKS
• Formed through
accumulation of sediments,
pre-existing rocks or part of
the living organisms

24. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
CLASSIFICATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Formed through
accumulation of clast such
as the little broken parts of
shells and rocks.
• CLASTIC

25. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Formed via the evaporation
of water and the
precipitation of ions over
time.
• CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

26. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Formed via accumulation of
the materials from the living
organisms .
• ORGANIC
CLASSIFICATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

27. METAMORPHIC ROCKS
TYPES OF ROCKS
• Formed from the pre-existing rocks
(igneous or sedimentary).
Metamorphic rocks form when
rocks are subjected to high heat,
high pressure, hot mineral-rich
fluids or, more commonly, some
combination of these factors.

28. METAMORPHIC ROCKS
TYPES OF ROCKS
• METAMORPHISM
it is the process of putting the
rock under high heat and
pressure without melting that
causes the geologic texture to
change.

29. TWO TYPES OF METAMORPHISM

30. TWO TYPES OF METAMORPHISM
• REGIONAL METAMORPHISM
• These rocks were typically
exposed to tectonic forces and
associated high pressures and
temperatures. Usually deformed
and foliated

31. TWO TYPES OF METAMORPHISM
• CONTACT METAMORPHISM
• Also called thermal
metamorphism by which the
country rock that surrounds a hot
magma intrusion is
metamorphosed by the high heat
flow coming from the intrusion.

32. Using Venn Diagram, compare and
contrast the three types of rocks.
ACTIVITY (1/2 CROSSWISE)

33. Search for examples (at least 5 for
each type) of the rocks.
STUDY ABOUT ROCK CYCLE FOR
RECITATION
Assignment (short B-paper)

34. ROCK CYCLE

35. Based on the diagram shown and the
video, explain the rock cycle.
ACTIVITY (1/2 CROSSWISE)