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Different Types of Rocks and the processes involved in its formation,ppt
- 1. Rocks
- 2. Rocks are a combination of minerals that are bonded together in some way. • All rocks are made of minerals – Monomineralic- contain one mineral Polymineralic- contain more than one mineral Rocks are classified into three groups by how they are formed Types of Rocks Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
- 3. 3 types of Rocks Types of Rocks Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Igneous Rocks: Form from molten rock that cools and hardens. •Sedimentary Rocks: Form from sediments (pieces of other rocks) that are cemented together. •Metamorphic Rocks: are formed when old rocks change by heat and pressure. Rocks are classified by how they form
- 4. 3 types of Rocks Types of Rocks Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
- 6. Igneous rocks are also formed when volcanoes erupt, causing the magma to rise above the earth's surface.
- 7. 2 Types of Igneous Rocks Intrusive • Form from magma • Cooled and solidified • hardened slowly deep underground Extrusive • Form from lava • Cooled and hardened quickly at or near the surface of the earth.
- 8. PLUTONIC ROCKS (Intrusive) form from magma that cools and crystallizes beneath the Earth's surface. this is the portion of the magma that never makes it to the surface. For the plutonic/intrusive rock to become exposed at the surface, it must be tectonically uplifted and the overlying material must be removed by erosion.
- 9. VOLCANIC ROCKS (Extrusive) form at the Earth's surface. They cool and crystallized from magma which has spilled out onto the surface at a volcano. At the surface, the magma is more familiarly known as LAVA.
- 10. Types of igneous rocks • Granite- most abundant igneous rock • Can be made up of feldspar, quartz, mica, and hornblende
- 11. Obsidian • • Obsidian rocks are igneous rocks that form when lava cools quickly above ground. • Obsidian is actually glass and not a mixture of minerals. The edges of this rock are very sharp.
- 12. Pumice • Pumice rocks are igneous rocks which were formed when lava cooled quickly above ground. • This rock is so light, that many pumice rocks will actually float in water. • Pumice is actually a kind of glass and not a mixture of minerals. •
- 15. Fragments of rock get broken down into sediments. Sediments are transported, compacted, and cemented into rock.
- 16. 1. ARE USUALLY FORMED IN A WATERY ENVIRONMENT. 2. OFTEN LAYERED 3. ARE THE ONLY ROCKS THAT CONTAIN FOSSILS
- 17. Clastic Rocks – fragments cemented together and include the sediments: sand, silt, clay, pebbles, and boulders These rocks are further classified by the size and composition of the clastic crystals included in the sedimentary rocks MUDROCK
- 18. • Biochemical rocks — you’ll probably be surprised to find out that most limestone on the face of the Earth comes from biological sources. In other words, most limestone you see today comes from the skeletons of organisms such as corals, mollusks, and foraminifera. LIMESTONE
- 19. Coal is another example of biochemical rock. Bituminous coal- fossil fuel Formed from plant remains in Swampy areas- most are millions Of years old COAL
- 20. • Generally these rocks are formed from one mineral Rock salt (halite) Rock gypsum- made from gypsum
- 22. Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have "morphed" into another kind of rock. These rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks. The rocks are under tons and tons of pressure, which fosters heat build up, and this causes them to change.
- 23. How are they formed? • Metamorphic rocks are pre-existing rocks that have been changed by heat and/or pressure without melting. • These pre-existing rocks are called parent rocks
- 25. Classification- 2 groups • Foliated • Mineral crystals are aligned, or arranged in bands or layers. • Banding: High grade metamorphism. Alternating layers of dark and light minerals. • Non-foliated • Mineral crystals do not have mineral crystals arranged in bands of layers. Example marble and quartzite.
- 28. Rock Cycle • Rock must go through melting and solidification to become an igneous rock • Rock must go through weathering and erosion to become sedimentary rock • Rock must go through heat and pressure to become a metamorphic rock
- 29. Weathering refers to the breaking down process of rocks. Erosion is the process of carrying the broken down particles of rocks. Eroded rock particles are carried away by wind or by rain, streams, rivers, and oceans. Deposition. Grains of sands and eroded sediments wash down to a river and eventually the sea. Often the sediment builds up faster than it can be washed away, creating little islands and forcing the river to break up into many channels in a delta. .
- 31. Compaction & Cementation. As the layers of sediment stack up (above water or below), the weight and pressure compact the bottom layers. Eventually the pressed and cemented materials harden to become sedimentary rocks.