Minerals and Rocks
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This lesson discusses what minerals and rocks are. It tackles various types of minerals and rocks. It discusses the rock cycle and how it produces the different kinds of rocks on our planet.
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Minerals and Rocks
- 1. EARTH MATERIALS AND RESOURCES “We are part of the earth, and it is part of us … What befalls the earth befalls all the sons of the earth.” – Chief Seattle, 1852 N E S W
- 2. OBJECTIVES: Compare and contrast minerals from rocks Identify common rock-forming minerals based on their physical and chemical properties Discuss the processes that bring about the rock cycle Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic types
- 4. MINERALS • Naturally occurring • Inorganic substance • Stable crystalline structure and characteristics • Definite composition and physical properties
- 5. • A mineral has a definite chemical composition. • Amethyst has a chemical formula of SiO2. • A mineral is solid.
- 6. Essential Characteristics of minerals 1. Luster 2. Cleavage 3. Color 4. Magnetism 5. Hardness 6. Fracture 7. Crystal Habit 8. Streak
- 7. LUSTER Refers to the general appearance of a mineral surface in reflected light
- 8. CLEAVAGE Refers to the property of minerals to break along definite plane surfaces
- 9. COLOR Refers to the color of a freshly broken surface of a mineral
- 10. MAGNETISM Refers to the property of being attracted to or repelled by a magnet
- 11. HARDNESS Refers to resistance to abrasion or scratching based on the Moh’s scale
- 12. FRACTURE Refers to the property of minerals to break irregularly when they do not yield to cleavage or parting surfaces.
- 13. CRYSTAL HABIT Refers to the visible shape exhibited by the minerals
- 14. STREAK Refers to the color of the finely formed powder produced by rubbing the mineral against a steak plate or unglazed porcelain tile
- 15. Crystal Systems 1. Cubic 2. Tetragonal 3. Hexagonal 4. Trigonal 5. Orthorhombic 6. Monoclinic 7. Triclinic
- 16. Cubic Three equal axes at right angles
- 17. Tetragonal Three axes at right angles, one unequal
- 18. hexagonal Three equal axes at 120 degrees, a fourth at right angels with sixfold symmetry
- 19. Trigonal As hexagonal, but with threefold symmetry
- 20. Orthorhombic Three unequal axes at right angles
- 21. Monoclinic Two axes at right angles, a third not.
- 22. Triclinic Three axes: none at right angles
- 23. Classes of Minerals 1. Native Elements Class 2. Carbonate Class 3. Halides Class 4. Oxides Class 5. Phosphate Class 6. Silicates Class 7. Sulfates Class 8. Sulfides Class
- 24. Native Class Minerals composed of metals, their alloys, and non metals
- 25. Carbonate Class Minerals composed of carbonates, nitrates, and borates
- 26. Halides Class Minerals composed of anions of halogens (Cl, F, Br, I)
- 27. Oxides Class Minerals containing oxides and hydroxides
- 29. Silicates Class Minerals composed of silicate tetrahedron
- 30. Sulfates Class Minerals composed of sulfates, sulfides, chromates, molybdates, selenates, selenites, tellurites, and tungstates
- 31. Sulfides Class Minerals composed of sulfides, selenides, tellurides, arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides, and sulfosalts
- 32. ROCKS • Dry solid part of the earth’s surface • Any large piece that sticks up out of the ground or the sea • Mineral matter of variable composition, consolidated or unconsolidated, assembled in masses of considerable quantities in nature, as by the action of heat or water
- 33. Types of Rocks 1. Igneous Rocks 2. Sedimentary Rocks 3. Metamorphic Rocks
- 34. Igneous Rocks Rocks of magmatic origin with either coarse grains or fine grains Granite, basalt, obsidian, andesite, porphyry, diorite
- 35. Types of Igneous Rocks Intrusive Igneous Rocks - Form below the surface by slow cooling from large crystals Extrusive Igneous Rocks – Form at or near the surface by rapid cooling from fine crystals
- 36. Sedimentary Rocks Rocks formed from the sedimentation and compaction of particles from other rocks; usually layered Sandstone, conglomerate, shale
- 37. Metamorphic Rocks Rocks formed from other types of rocks that have been subjected to intense temperature and pressure through million of years Granite gneiss, biotite schist
- 38. ROCK CYCLE • The rock cycle is a basic concept in geology that describes transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. Each rock type is altered when it is forced out of its equilibrium conditions
- 39. ROCK CYCLE Rocks go through a process of transformatio n from one type to another depending upon the physicochemi cal forces to which they are subjected.
- 40. Rock-forming Minerals 1. Quartz 2. Feldspar 3. Mica 4. Pyroxene 5. Amphibole 6. Olivine
- 41. Quartz Most abundant mineral on earth’s crust; composed of silicon dioxide
- 42. Feldspar Most common rock- forming mineral
- 43. Mica Common rock-forming mineral Found in granitic pegmatite
- 44. Pyroxene Common rock-forming mineral with varying composition
- 45. Amphibole Form crystals that are typically long and prismatic
- 46. Olivine Commonly contains magnesium and iron silicate minerals
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- A template for students to design a field trip to a location for other students to view. Includes directions to the student of what to include on each slide and what content should be considered.
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- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.
- You can use this type of slide for text, images, shapes and tables to help add information in a different way. Duplicate this slide to add additional images of important location in your visit.