The periodic table arranges the chemical elements by atomic number. It provides information about elemental properties that can be predicted from an element's location. Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer independently organized early elements into the first recognizable periodic tables based on recurring properties. Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, metalloids and noble gases according to their positions and properties.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Periodic table1
1. The Periodic Table
and the Elements
Penny Squires
Pisgah High School
2005
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
2. The Periodic Table and the Elements
What is the periodic table ?
What information is obtained from the table ?
How can elemental properties be predicted base on the PT ?
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
3. Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)
In 1869 Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer (Germany)
published nearly identical classification schemes
for elements known to date. The periodic table is
base on the similarity of properties and reactivities
exhibited by certain elements. Later, Henri
Moseley ( England,1887-1915) established that
each elements has a unique atomic number, which
is how the current periodic table is organized.
http://www.chem.msu.su/eng/misc/mendeleev/welcome.html
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
4. Periodic Law
The Periodic Law states that when elements are
arranged in order of increasing atomic number
their physical and chemical properties show a
periodic pattern.
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
5. The Periodic Table
A map of the building block of matter.
1 18
IA VIIIA
1 H
1 2
IIA
Periodic Table 13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA He
2
1.00797 4.0026
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.939 9.0122 10.811 12.0112 14.0067 15.9994 18.9984 20.179
11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
3 Na Mg IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.9898 24.305 26.9815 28.086 30.9738 32.064 35.453 39.948
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.102 40.08 44.956 47.90 50.942 51.996 54.9380 55.847 58.9332 58.71 63.54 65.37 65.37 72.59 74.9216 78.96 79.909 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.905 91.22 92.906 95.94 [99] 101.07 102.905 106.4 107.870 112.40 114.82 118.69 121.75 127.60 126.904 131.30
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.905 137.34 138.91 178.49 180.948 183.85 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.09 196.967 200.59 204.37 207.19 208.980 [210] [210] [222]
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109
7 Fr Ra Ac Ku http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.html
[223] [226] [227] [260]
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
6. Arrangement
The modern Periodic Table is arranged
according to atomic number.
Remember that it is the atomic number,
or nuclear charge, that determines
the identity of the element.
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
7. Periodic Table Expanded View
The way the periodic table usually seen
is a compress view, placing the
Lanthanides and actinides at the
bottom of the stable.
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
8. Periodic Table: Metallic arrangement
Layout of the Periodic Table: Metals vs. nonmetals
1 18
IA VIIIA
2 13 14 15 16 17
1 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB
4
Nonmetals
5 Metals
6
7
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
9. METALS
Hard and Shiny
3 or less valence electrons
Form + ions by losing e-
Good conductors of heat and electricity
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
10. NONMETALS
Gases or dull, brittle solids
5 or more valence electrons
Form - ions by gaining e-
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
11. Metalloids
Appearence will vary
3 to 7 valence electrons
Form + and/or - ions
Conduct better than nonmetals but not as well as
metals
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
12. Periodic Table: The three broad Classes
Main, Transition, Rare Earth
Main (Representative), Transition metals, lanthanides and actinides (rare earth)
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
14. Across the Periodic Table
Periods: Are arranged horizontally across the
periodic table (rows 1-7)
1 These elements have the same number of valence shells. 18
IA VIIIA
2 13 14 15 16 17
1 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA
2nd Period
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB
4
5
6th Period
6
7
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
15. s block p block
d block
f block
3
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
16. Down the Periodic Table
Family: Are arranged vertically down the periodic table
(columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8 A,B)
These elements have the same number electrons in the outer most
shells, the valence shell.
1 18
IA VIIIA
2 Alkali Family:
Alkali Family: 13 14 15 16 17
1 IIA
11e- in the valence shell
e- in the valence shell
IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB
4
Halogen Family:
Halogen Family:
5 77e- in the valence shell
e- in the valence shell
6
7
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
17. Infamous Families of the Periodic Table
Notable families of the Periodic Table and some important members:
Alkali Halogen
Noble Gas
Alkaline Chalcogens
1
IA
(earth) 18
VIIIA
2 13 14 15 16 17
1 IIA
Transition Metals IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB
4
5
6
7
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
18. Hydrogen:
A Unique Element 1s1
Shown Over Group 1A & 7A
Hydrogen is neither an alkali metal nor a
halogen
However, hydrogen does show reactions
that are
similar to both alkali metals and
halogens
H. + .
Cl : H : Cl :
Hydrogen can also gain an electron to form an ion with a 1 - charge
H. + e- H: -
or H- called hydride
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
19. Group 1A: Alkali Metals
React with water easily to lose a valence electron.
Form a +1 ion
Soft
Found in nature combined with other elements
Good conductors of heat and electricity
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
20. Group 2A: Alkaline Earth Metals
Forms compounds with Oxygen (Oxides)
React with water
Shiny solids that are heavier than Alkalis
React with Oxygen or other metals found in the earth
Lose valance electrons to form +2 ions
Ca (g) Ca+ (g) + e- First Ionization Step
Ca+ (g) Ca2+ (g) + e- Second Ionization Step
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
21. Group 3A: Boron Group
Always found combined with other elements in
nature.
Found as oxides in the earth’s crust.
B, Al, Ga, and In form +3 ions
Tl only forms a +1 ion
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
22. Group 4A: Carbon Group
Few rules apply to this group!!!!
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
23. Group 5A: Nitrogen Group
Wide variety of Chemical and Physical properties.
N forms a –3 ion
Bi forms a +3 ion
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
24. Group 6A: Oxygen Group or
Chalcogens
Act like nonmetals
Tend to gain 2 e- to form –2 ions.
Can also share 2 e-
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
25. Group 7A: Halogens
Form compounds with almost all metals
Salts (NaCl)
Have different Physical properties
Very reactive and found combined in nature
Tend to share or gain 1 e- to form a –1 ion
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
26. Group 8A: Noble Gases
•Colorless
•Unreactive
•Last to be discovered
•Rarely react (1st time was in a lab in 1962)
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
27. Transition Metals
1. Lanthanides –
Named because they follow lanthanum
Silvery metals with high melting points
Found mixed in nature – very hard to seperate
2. Actinide –
Named because they follow actinium
Radioactive elements
Only 3 exist in nature – the rest are synthetic
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
28. Transition Metals (cont.)
Share conductivity, luster and malleability with
other metals.
Closein atomic size, electronegativity and ionization
energy
Different physical properties (determined by their
electron configuration)
Can lose 2 e- to form +2 ion or 3 to form a +3 ion
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
29. Periodic Table
e- configuration from the periodic periodic table
1 18
IA VIIIA
2 13 14 15 16 17
1 H IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA He
1s1 1s2
2 Li Be B BC N O F Ne
2s1 2s2 2p1 2p 2p 2p4
1
2 3 2p5 2p6
3 Na Mg
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
10 11
IB
12
IIB Al Si P S Cl Ar
3s1 3s2 3p1 3p2 3p3 3p4 3p5 3p6
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Be Kr
4s1 4s2 3d1 3d2 3d3 4s13d5 3d5 3d6 3d7 3d8 4s13d10 3d10 4p1 4p2 4p3 4p4 4p5 4p6
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Ni Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
5s1 5s2 4d1 4d2 4d3 5s14d5 4d5 4d6 4d7 4d8 5s14d10 4d 10
5p1 5p2 5p3 5p4 5p5 5p6
6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Ni Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
6s1 6s2 5d1 5d2 5d3 6s15d5 5d5 5d6 5d7 5d8 6s15d10 5d 10
6p1 6p2 6p3 6p4 6p5 6p6
7 Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt
7s1 7s2 6d1 6d2 6d3 7s16d5 6d5 6d6 6d7
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
30. Periodic Table: electron behavior
The periodic table can be classified by the behavior of their electrons
West (South) Mid-plains East (North)
METALS METALLOID NON-METALS
Alkali Noble gas
Alkaline Halogens
Transition Calcogens
These elements These elements These elements
tend to give up will give up e- or tend to accept
e - and form accept e- e - and form
1
CATIONS ANIONS 18
IA VI A
II
2 13 14 15 16 17
1 IA
I II
IA I A
V VA VA
I VI
IA
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 II
IB I B
V VB VB
I VI
IB VI B
II IB IB
I
4
5
6
7
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
31. 2. Trend in Atomic Radius
Atomic Radius:
The size of at atomic specie as
determine by the boundaries of the
valence e-. Largest atomic species
are those found in the SW corner
since these atoms have the largest n,
but the smallest Zeff.
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
32. 3. Trend in Ionization Potential
Ionization potential:
The energy required to remove the
valence electron from an atomic
specie. Largest toward NE corner of
PT since these atoms hold on to their
valence e- the tightest.
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
33. 4. Trend in Electron Affinity
Electron Affinity:
The energy release
when an electron is
added to an atom.
Most favorable
toward NE corner of
PT since these atoms
have a great affinity
for e-.
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
34. Summary of Trend
Periodic Table and Periodic Trends
1. Electron Configuration 3. Ionization Energy: Largest toward NE of PT
4. Electron Affinity: Most favorable NE of PT
2. Atomic Radius: Largest toward SW corner of PT
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
35. Summary
Periodic Table: Map of the Building block of matter
Table
Type: Metal, metalloid and Nonmetal
Type
Groupings: Representative or main, transition and
Lanthanide/Actanides
Family: Elements in the same column have similar
Family
chemical property because of similar valence
electrons
Alkali, Alkaline, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases
Period: Elements in the same row have valence
electrons in the same shell.
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM