Histoplasmosis
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Emily, a 43-year-old HIV-positive woman, presented with fever, chronic cough, chest pain, and rashes on her shins. Her medical history included exploring caves and renovating an abandoned poultry farm. Tests found erythema nodosum, hilar lymphadenopathy on chest x-ray, yeast-like structures in neutrophils on biopsy, and a positive antigen test for Histoplasma capsulatum. The most likely diagnosis is histoplasmosis, which is caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum commonly found in caves and areas with birds or bats.
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This document summarizes information about cryptococcosis, an infection caused by the fungi Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. It begins with a clinical case of a 31-year-old woman with cryptococcal meningitis. It then provides background on the microbiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, investigations including India ink staining and antigen testing, imaging findings, and standard treatment recommendations of 14 days of IV amphotericin B and fluconazole for induction therapy followed by 8 weeks of fluconazole consolidation therapy.
Rickettsiae
lecture for MBBS students
Rickettsia named after HOWARD
TAYLOR RICKETTS died of Typhus fever contracted during his studies
Discovered spotted fever rickettsia (1906)
Obligate intracellular parasite
Gram negative pleomorphic rods
Parasite of arthropods – fleas, lice, ticks and mites.
No Human to human transmission.
Rickettsia are transmitted to humans by the bite of infected arthropod vector.
Multiply at the site of entry and enter the blood stream.
Localise in the vascular endothelial cells and multiply to cause thrombosis lead to rupture & necrosis
Acute bronchitis in children 2021
This document discusses acute bronchitis, including its etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, investigations, management, and prevention. It begins by classifying a 4-year-old child presenting with cough and fever according to IMNCI guidelines. The child's symptoms and examination findings lead to a likely diagnosis of acute bronchitis. Acute bronchitis can be caused by viral, bacterial, or air pollution factors and presents with runny nose, cough, wheeze, and fever. It is diagnosed clinically and through examination of the chest and type of cough. Management involves supportive care, bronchodilators, antipyretics, cough suppressants, and antibiotics for bacterial infections. Prevention includes vaccinations, good nutrition, hand
Cryptococcal Meningitis
This document provides information on cryptococcosis, caused by the fungi Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. It discusses the clinical case of a 31-year-old HIV+ female presenting with confusion and other symptoms. The diagnosis was determined to be cryptococcal meningitis based on CSF analysis showing yeast cells and a positive India ink test. Background information is then given on the microbiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and investigations for cryptococcosis. Standard treatment in Botswana involves initial intravenous amphotericin B and fluconazole followed by oral fluconazole consolidation therapy.
Staphylococcus
1. Staphylococcus are Gram-positive cocci that occur in clusters and can cause a variety of infections through toxins or direct invasion. Common species include S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus.
2. S. aureus is an important human pathogen capable of causing skin infections, pneumonia, sepsis and toxic shock syndrome. Virulence factors include coagulase, hemolysins and enterotoxins.
3. Laboratory diagnosis involves culturing specimens on selective media, testing for catalase and coagulase production, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. MRSA strains are resistant to multiple
Neisseria by Dr. Rakesh Prasad Sah
This document provides information on the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis. It discusses their classification, characteristics, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Key points include:
- They are Gram-negative diplococci within the family Neisseriaceae. N. meningitidis is encapsulated while N. gonorrhoeae is not.
- N. meningitidis is a common cause of bacterial meningitis while N. gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea.
- Diagnosis involves culture, antigen detection and PCR. Treatment for gonorrhea is typically ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin along
Choosing Wisely - Rational Antibiotic Usage
This document summarizes a case study of a 28-year-old Australian woman who developed a rash and respiratory symptoms after returning from travel to Thailand. Initial testing ruled out common infections like malaria, dengue fever, and influenza. Her rash and symptoms were consistent with measles. Further diagnostic testing confirmed infection with herpes simplex virus 1 via a positive PCR test. The case highlights the importance of considering uncommon infections in returning travelers who present with rashes and respiratory symptoms.
Pulmonary 2 histoplasmosis.ppt
A 24-year-old male presented with a 4-day cough, fever, chills, sweats, and muscle pain. Physical exam found decreased breath sounds bilaterally and a rash on his legs. Chest X-ray and bronchoalveolar lavage found small budding yeast forms, diagnosing histoplasmosis. Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus endemic to the Mississippi and Ohio valleys. It can cause asymptomatic or self-limited infection but disseminated disease in immunocompromised individuals. Treatment involves antifungals like itraconazole or amphotericin B depending on severity.
CNS INFECTION
This document discusses common central nervous system (CNS) infections including meningitis, encephalitis, and brain abscess. It provides information on the causative organisms, pathogenesis, signs and symptoms, and laboratory diagnosis of bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic meningitis. It also discusses meningitis cases, the anatomy of the meninges, and complications of meningitis. Encephalitis and brain abscess are also summarized, including their causes, pathogenesis, clinical features and diagnostic workup.
Step 1 Review of Immunodeficiencies
A medical student is presented with a case involving recurrent infections in a child. To determine the likely cause, the student must use an ABCD approach: (1) note the types of infections; (2) identify the deficient immune component based on infection patterns; (3) classify the condition into one of the main immunodeficiency groups; and (4) differentiate it from similar conditions. Key facts to remember include distinguishing features of specific immunodeficiencies like SCID versus DiGeorge syndrome, inheritance patterns of conditions like Chediak-Higashi, and organisms associated with different immune defects.
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Urinary Bladder Exstrophy.pptx
Urinary bladder exstrophy is a congenital abnormality where the bladder is open and exposed on the outside of the abdomen due to the abdominal wall not forming properly. It occurs in about 1 in 50,000 live births and males are affected more often than females. Treatment involves staged surgical repair to close the bladder and abdomen and reconstruct the urethra and genitals over multiple operations from birth to childhood. The goal is to restore normal urinary and genital functioning.
Epidemiology of breast cancer
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. It occurs mostly in women over 50 years old, and white women are slightly more likely to develop it than black or Asian women. However, black women tend to be diagnosed at a younger age and with more advanced disease. Incidence and mortality rates vary globally, with higher rates in North America and parts of Europe. In 2020, there were over 2 million new cases of breast cancer diagnosed and nearly 700,000 deaths worldwide, making it the leading cause of cancer death in women. Prevention strategies focus on early detection through screening and risk reduction behaviors.
Radiological study on Mediastinal masses
This document discusses mediastinal masses and provides information about common mass types found in the different mediastinal compartments. The anterior mediastinum commonly contains thyroid masses, lymphoma, thymoma, and teratomas. Lymphoma often appears as a lobulated or polycyclic mass involving multiple enlarged lymph nodes. Teratomas are germ cell tumors that may be mature, immature, or malignant. Neurogenic tumors such as neurofibromas and schwannomas can also occur in the mediastinum. CT is the preferred imaging method for evaluating mediastinal masses.
Pathological look on Heart diseases
This document summarizes several topics related to heart disease:
- Congestive heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs or can only do so with elevated pressure. There are two types: systolic and diastolic heart failure.
- Congenital heart disease refers to heart defects present since birth, which can affect blood flow. Common symptoms include shortness of breath and fatigue. Without treatment, complications like arrhythmias and heart failure can develop.
- Coronary artery disease is caused by narrowed heart arteries reducing blood flow and oxygen, which can lead to angina, heart attack, and sudden cardiac death without treatment. Angina is the main symptom, feeling like squeezing
DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic muscle-wasting disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. It affects all muscles of the body, causing muscle weakness and wasting. There is no cure, but treatments aim to control symptoms and maximize quality of life. Physical therapy helps maintain muscle strength and function. Corticosteroids like prednisone and deflazacort are commonly used to increase muscle strength and slow disease progression. Newer treatments under investigation include gene therapy and antisense oligonucleotides like casimersen.
STRESS & INJURY
This document discusses stress and its effects on the body. It describes the body's immediate and long-term responses to stress, including increased heart rate and sweating in the short term and high blood pressure in the long term. It also discusses the types of stress including psychological, chronic, and acute stress and their symptoms. Chronic stress can negatively impact health over time if left untreated. The document outlines how the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responds to regulate stress hormones like cortisol and how acute stress causes a short-term physical adaptation through hormone release and redirection of resources.
Parotid gland - Anatomy
The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland, weighing around 25g, and produces serous saliva. It has a lobular morphology and is divided into superficial and deep lobes by the facial nerve. The parotid duct emerges from the gland's anterior border, passes over the masseter muscle, pierces the buccinator muscle medially, and opens near the second upper molar tooth. The gland is enclosed in a dense fibrous capsule and separated from the submandibular gland by the stylomastoid ligament. Disorders of the parotid gland include painless lumps or swelling and difficulty opening the mouth. Risk factors include radiation exposure, previous Epstein-Barr
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with an unknown etiology thought to involve genetics and environmental factors. Common symptoms include fever, joint pains, and fatigue. Treatment involves corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and cytotoxic drugs.
- Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease with genetic and environmental factors like viruses implicated in its pathogenesis. It causes dryness of the eyes, mouth, and other tissues. Treatment includes hydroxychloroquine and surgery to repair tear ducts.
- Transplant rejection occurs when the recipient's immune system destroys the transplanted tissue, seeing it as foreign. It is classified as hyperacute,
TREATMENT OF GENETIC DISEASES
Gene therapy involves introducing a biologically active gene into a cell to achieve a therapeutic benefit and can be done in two ways. Vectors like retroviruses and adeno-associated viruses are used to deliver the therapeutic gene to target cells like stem cells and progenitor cells. RNA interference is a type of gene modulation being used to treat genetic diseases like Huntington's disease by decreasing production of faulty proteins. Exon skipping induced by antisense oligonucleotides is also being researched for Duchenne muscular dystrophy treatment and could lead to a functional dystrophin protein. Genome editing techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 allow permanent changes to DNA and are being explored for curing diseases like HIV.
Bordetella pertussis
A 3-week old girl presented with a 1-week history of coughing and vomiting after coughing fits. She experienced episodes of respiratory distress and cyanosis after coughing. A nasopharyngeal aspirate test detected Bordetella pertussis via polymerase chain reaction. She was started on azithromycin. B. pertussis is a gram-negative coccobacillus that causes pertussis or whooping cough. It is transmitted through respiratory droplets. Common symptoms include paroxysmal coughing fits, post-tussive vomiting, and respiratory distress.
Cervical Vertebrae & cervical spondylosis
A detailed look into the anatomy of cervical vertebrae & a related disorder called cervical spondylosis
Leukemia
A brief presentation on the topic "Leukemia" from a scientific perspective, providing details about risk factors, classifications, Types, treatment, symptoms, diagnosis & risk data with it's concerned resource mentioned.
Synapse
The majority of the content is physiology-based, but it's also built-in an anatomical perspective.i've also included disorder of synapses
Instagram @Rajamd_
Oxidative phosphylation
(1) Oxidative phosphorylation is a process consisting of the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis that generates ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
(2) As electrons from NADH and FADH2 enter the electron transport chain, they are passed from complex to complex, which pump protons out of the mitochondrial matrix and into the intermembrane space.
(3) ATP synthase uses the potential energy from the proton gradient to phosphorylate ADP, producing ATP for the cell. Defects in oxidative phosphorylation often involve mutations in mitochondrial DNA and can affect tissues with high energy demands like the brain, heart, and skeletal muscles.
Vascular layer of the eye
The vascular tunic, also known as the uvea, is the middle layer of the eye. It regulates light entry, anchors the lens, and nourishes the retina. The vascular tunic contains the choroid, ciliary body, and iris. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer retina layers. The ciliary body produces aqueous humor and controls visual accommodation through its ciliary processes and muscles. The iris separates the anterior and posterior chambers and controls the size of the pupil through its sphincter and dilator muscles.
More from Raja Mohamed (15)
Recently uploaded
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Reaching the age of Adolescence- Class 8
This is a presentation on understanding the age of adolescence.
Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coasts
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
一比一原版美国佩斯大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国佩斯大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
seed production, Nursery & Gardening.pdf
This presentation offers a general idea of the structure of seed, seed production, management of seeds and its allied technologies. It also offers the concept of gene erosion and the practices used to control it. Nursery and gardening have been widely explored along with their importance in the related domain.
Post translation modification by Suyash Garg
overview of PTM helps to the students who wants to clear their basics about it.
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
Recently uploaded (20)
Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry 2003.pdf
Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry 2003.pdf
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
Introduction_Ch_01_Biotech Biotechnology course .pptx
Introduction_Ch_01_Biotech Biotechnology course .pptx
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Histoplasmosis
- 2. CASE STUDY Name : Emily Age : 43 CHIEF COMPLAIN • Fever • Chronic Cough • Chest Pain • Rashes on shins MEDICAL HISTORY • HIV Positive HISTORY • Exploring Caves • Renovate an abandoned poultry farm
- 3. CASE STUDY Erythema nodosum Hilar lymphadenopathy BIOPSY CHEST X-RAY
- 4. CASE STUDY Yeasts like structure inside neutrophils CULTURE BLOOD SMEAR 6 weeks 25-30° c Antibody test – Negative Antigen test – positive
- 5. Which one of the following do you think is most likely the diagnosis? i. Coccidioidomycosis ii. Pulmonary aspergillosis iii. Histoplasmosis iv. Blastomycosis v. Pulmonary aspergillosis
- 6. DIAGNOSTIC RESULT Antigen test was being positive for Histoplasma Capsulatum HISTOPLASMOSIS ● Histoplasma Capsulatum pulmonary and disseminated infections ● Histoplasma Duboisii skin and bone lesions
- 7. Yeast form • 37° • Body Mold form • 23-30° • environment THERMALLY DIMORPHIC
- 8. EPIDEMIOLOGY
- 9. PATHOGENESIS
- 11. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
- 14. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- Nodules were followed after the onset of cough.
- Nodules were followed after the onset of cough.