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Candidiasis – clinical manifestations and lab diagnosis of oral candidiasis
- 1. CANDIDIASIS – Clinical Manifestations and lab diagnosis of Oral Candidiasis
- 2. CONTENTS TO STUDY • Clinical manifestations of candida • Lab diagnosis of oral candidiasis
- 3. Clinical Manifestations of Candida Candidiasis Infectious diseases Mucocutaneous manifestations Cutaneous manifestations Systemic manifestations Allergic diseases
- 4. Mucocutaneous Manifestations Mucocutaneous manifestations Oral candidiasis Angular cheilitis Oesophagitis Vulvovaginitis, Balanitis, Balanoposthitis Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) Ocular candidiasis
- 5. Cutaneous Manifestations CutaneousManifestations Intertrigo Paronychia and Onychomycosis Diaper dermatitis Candidial granuloma
- 6. Systemic Manifestations Systemic manifestations Urinary tract candidiasis Candiduria Endocarditis Pulmonary candidiasis Meningitis Candidemia and Septicemia Disseminated candidiasis Arthritis Osteomyelitis Endopthalmitis Nosocomial candidiasis
- 8. Lab diagnosis of Oral Candidiasis Samples • Whitish patches from mucous membrane of mouth • Sputum Method of collection • Sterile swabs Direct examination (Microscopy) • KOH wet mount • Gram staining ( Presence of yeast cells and pseudohyphae) • Other stains: PAS and Gomori’s methenamine silver stain
- 9. Lab diagnosis continued… Fungal culture • Sabouraud Dextrose Agar + Antibiotics ( Cream, Pasty, Smooth colonies in 3-4 days of incubation at 37 C) • Cornmeal Agar (Characteristic terminal chlamydospores, yeast cells and pseudohyphae in clusters at 25 C) • CHROMagar (light green to bluish green colonies) Germ tube test (Reynold’s-Braude Phenomenon) • Culture of candida treated with sheep/normal human serum is incubated at 37 C for 2-4 hours • No constriction seen at the point of attachment to the yeast cell • Appear in 2 hours for C.albicans Chlamydospore formation • Suspected strain of Candida isolates gron on CMA or rice starch agar and incubated at 25 C • Formation of large, highly refractile, thick walled, terminal chlamydospores in 2-3 days of incubation
- 10. Lab diagnosis continued… Biochemical tests • Glucose and Maltose fermented with acid and gas production, sucrose and lactose not fermented. • Pale pink coloration in Tetrazolium reduction medium Typing of Candida strains • Tests include serotyping and isoenzyme profiling • RFLP and Southern blotting technique used Immunodiagnosis • PCR based tests for candida-DNA detection • Detection of Candida albican-derived molecules • ELISA, RIA, CIE, PHA and LPA
- 11. Lab diagnosis continued… Detection of metabolites • Detection of D-mannose and D-arabinitol in sera by gas liquid chromatography • G-test for detection of glucan Skin tests • Testing delayed hypersensitivity to candidial antigens Animal Pathogenicity • Tests on rabbits and mice for susceptibility to different candidia species
- 12. THANK YOU