Language is Koto ba in Japanese: “the petals of rhapsodic silence”, according to the Questioning’s translation
The Questioning synthesizes the elucidation of the Japanese about what the Japanese word for ‘language’ means in this way
The dialog and thus text are conecntarted on that understanding of language hidden in the extraordinary definition of language which the Japanase language contains as a word for ‘language’
This is a powerpoint presentation that covers one of the topic of Senior High School: Reading and Writing. For this presentation, it deals with the topic of Text as a Connected Discourse and what it its definition.
This is a powerpoint presentation that covers one of the topic of Senior High School: Reading and Writing. For this presentation, it deals with the topic of Text as a Connected Discourse and what it its definition.
Discourse analysis (Linguistics Forms and Functions)Satya Permadi
Discourse analysis is an umbrella term for all those studies within applied linguistics which focus on units/stretches of language beyond the sentence level (Judit, 2012). We as the human is use a natural language utterance which language serves in the expression of 'content' described as transactional and that function involved in expressing social relations and personal attitudes we describe as interactional. Spoken and written language has relation each other. But written language and spoken language have different form. The book concerns with sentence which is 'text-sentence‘, so it will connected to behavior and involves contextual considerations. The data which is used in this book is based on the linguistic output of someone other than the analyst. Besides, discourse analyst discovers regularities in his data.
Hi Guys.. I think No one has done such a great work on text linguistics on the whole.. Me and My friend Asif has done almost 9 hour work to make it Excellent.. Guys read it and you will get all the Text Linguistics concepts in it. Insha Allah..
Discourse analysis (Linguistics Forms and Functions)Satya Permadi
Discourse analysis is an umbrella term for all those studies within applied linguistics which focus on units/stretches of language beyond the sentence level (Judit, 2012). We as the human is use a natural language utterance which language serves in the expression of 'content' described as transactional and that function involved in expressing social relations and personal attitudes we describe as interactional. Spoken and written language has relation each other. But written language and spoken language have different form. The book concerns with sentence which is 'text-sentence‘, so it will connected to behavior and involves contextual considerations. The data which is used in this book is based on the linguistic output of someone other than the analyst. Besides, discourse analyst discovers regularities in his data.
Hi Guys.. I think No one has done such a great work on text linguistics on the whole.. Me and My friend Asif has done almost 9 hour work to make it Excellent.. Guys read it and you will get all the Text Linguistics concepts in it. Insha Allah..
Ontological and historical responsibility. The condition of possibilityVasil Penchev
The main thesis is:
Ontological and historical responsibility refers to the choice of reality. Thus one should suppose many realities, each of which its own and unique histories, and correspondingly as many histories as realities. However, history as science recognise only a single history and a single reality, which can be well-defined only to the past, but not to future and even not to the present
Your campaign has a great issue, solid data and a strong organization. But successful campaigns require powerful frames; winning requires setting the frame. You need to command your campaign’s own narrative. Join Resource Media for a training presentation to learn how you can successfully frame campaigns.
Great to see you at Matt's Interesting Talks night, I do hope you enjoyed my talk and took away ideas that you can put into your business.
As I said on the night, I have a FREE gift for you all. I have a specially built Interactive Business Wheel that not only helps you identify the weakest areas in your business but gives you 5 actions for each area(15 in total) that you can implement into your business immediately and get positive instant results!
Please click on http://creative-coach.co.uk/business-wheel/ NOW to find out what yours are!
Both necessity and arbitrariness of the sign: informationVasil Penchev
There is a fundamental contradiction or rather tension in Sausure’d Course: between the necessity of the sign within itself and its arbitrariness within a system of signs. That tension penetrates the entire Course and generates its “plot”. It can be expressed by the quantity of information generalized to quantum information by quantum mechanics. Then the problem is how a bit to be expressed by a qubit or vice versa. The structure of the main problem of quantum mechanics is isomorphic. Thus its solution, namely the set of solutions of the Schrödinger equation, implies the solution of the above contradictionor tension.
Social media has come a long way in a very short time and organisations are struggling to keep up. What started as a clever way to keep in touch with old school friends ten years ago has become a core part of the work of many people and their employers and so it is vital that use of social media is compliant with the laws of the land and works as a promotional tool and not a source of potential risk. Matthew Stephenson, head of information governance at the University of Salford and chairman of the Information and Records Management Society will guide you through this complex and uncertain area.
Presentation by Matthew Stephenson, delivered at UCISA Using Social Media for Training on 18/04/2012.
Presentation by Steve Sidaway & Tom Holland of MyKnowldgeMap (http://www.myknowledgemap.com/), delivered to the Higher York eLearning Conference at York St John University on 4th June 2013.
Ontology as a formal one. The language of ontology as the ontology itself: th...Vasil Penchev
“Formal ontology” is introduced first to programing languages in different ways. The most relevant one as to philosophy is as a generalization of “nth-order logic” and “nth-level language” for n=0. Then, the “zero-level language” is a theoretical reflection on the naïve attitude to the world: the “things and words” coincide by themselves. That approach corresponds directly to the philosophical phenomenology of Husserl or fundamental ontology of Heidegger. Ontology as the 0-level language may be researched as a formal ontology
Solving Translation Problems aimed at raising awareness of the presence of cultural elements in source texts, as well as providing tools that would increase effectiveness in translation.
Lesson 1: Translation as Negotiation between Cultures
Lesson 2: Identifying Translation Problems
1. Idiomatic Expressions
2. Jargon
3. Metaphoric Expressions
Lesson 3: How to Overcome Translation Problems
1. The principle of respect
2. The principle of adaptation
3. The synergy principle
Lesson 4: Further Solutions to Translation Problems
1. Reference gloss.
2. Sense gloss
3. Effect gloss.
Lesson 5: Conclusions
Language in terms of disagreements, conflicts, contradictions, and messeVasil Penchev
The “opacity” of language is not less important than its “transparency” for the understanding and philosophy of language
The “opacity” is not any disadvantage of language but the fundamental property of it allowing of it to be constituted, and to function
That opacity addresses indivisible units, ontological “quanta”, which are “atoms” of being, both reality and meaning
The derivative concept of ontological quanta offers a base for a not-Saussure “semiology”, i.e. for a non-classical semantics referring to the being itself rather than to the representation of reality
Granular semiotics can be obtained from the Saussure one considering both signifier and signified as complementary to each other and each of them equivalent to the sign as a whole as well
•
The indivisible unity of sign can be interpreted as the indivisible unity ontological quantum being both “word” and “thing”
•
A model in Hilbert space corresponding to that of quantum mechanics can be assigned to granular semiotics
•
Granular semiotic outlines much better a series of properties of real language: partial uncertainty, addressing the consensus and communication of people, granularity of meaning, and a series of others
Inquiry on the Philosophy of Language.pptxutcrash88
It is a reasoned inquiry into the origins of language
Its nature of meaning
The usage and cognition of language
The relationship between language and reality
To clarify concepts with which language is described and analysed
To settle and resolve philosophical disputes originating from linguistic confusion
The generalization of the Periodic table. The "Periodic table" of "dark matter"Vasil Penchev
The thesis is: the “periodic table” of “dark matter” is equivalent to the standard periodic table of the visible matter being entangled. Thus, it is to consist of all possible entangled states of the atoms of chemical elements as quantum systems. In other words, an atom of any chemical element and as a quantum system, i.e. as a wave function, should be represented as a non-orthogonal in general (i.e. entangled) subspace of the separable complex Hilbert space relevant to the system to which the atom at issue is related as a true part of it. The paper follows previous publications of mine stating that “dark matter” and “dark energy” are projections of arbitrarily entangled states on the cognitive “screen” of Einstein’s “Mach’s principle” in general relativity postulating that gravitational field can be generated only by mass or energy.
Modal History versus Counterfactual History: History as IntentionVasil Penchev
The distinction of whether real or counterfactual history makes sense only post factum. However, modal history is to be defined only as ones’ intention and thus, ex-ante. Modal history is probable history, and its probability is subjective. One needs phenomenological “epoché” in relation to its reality (respectively, counterfactuality). Thus, modal history describes historical “phenomena” in Husserl’s sense and would need a specific application of phenomenological reduction, which can be called historical reduction. Modal history doubles history just as the recorded history of historiography does it. That doubling is a necessary condition of historical objectivity including one’s subjectivity: whether actors’, ex-anteor historians’ post factum. The objectivity doubled by ones’ subjectivity constitute “hermeneutical circle”.
Both classical and quantum information [autosaved]Vasil Penchev
Information can be considered a the most fundamental, philosophical, physical and mathematical concept originating from the totality by means of physical and mathematical transcendentalism (the counterpart of philosophical transcendentalism). Classical and quantum information. particularly by their units, bit and qubit, correspond and unify the finite and infinite:
As classical information is relevant to finite series and sets, as quantum information, to infinite ones. The separable complex Hilbert space of quantum mechanics can be represented equivalently as “qubit space”) as quantum information and doubled dually or “complimentary” by Hilbert arithmetic (classical information).
A CLASS OF EXEMPLES DEMONSTRATING THAT “푃푃≠푁푁푁 ” IN THE “P VS NP” PROBLEMVasil Penchev
The CMI Millennium “P vs NP Problem” can be resolved e.g. if one shows at least one counterexample to the “P=NP” conjecture. A certain class of problems being such counterexamples will be formulated. This implies the rejection of the hypothesis “P=NP” for any conditions satisfying the formulation of the problem. Thus, the solution “P≠NP” of the problem in general is proved. The class of counterexamples can be interpreted as any quantum superposition of any finite set of quantum states. The Kochen-Specker theorem is involved. Any fundamentally random choice among a finite set of alternatives belong to “NP’ but not to “P”. The conjecture that the set complement of “P” to “NP” can be described by that kind of choice exhaustively is formulated.
FERMAT’S LAST THEOREM PROVED BY INDUCTION (accompanied by a philosophical com...Vasil Penchev
A proof of Fermat’s last theorem is demonstrated. It is very brief, simple, elementary, and absolutely arithmetical. The necessary premises for the proof are only: the three definitive properties of the relation of equality (identity, symmetry, and transitivity), modus tollens, axiom of induction, the proof of Fermat’s last theorem in the case of n=3 as well as the premises necessary for the formulation of the theorem itself. It involves a modification of Fermat’s approach of infinite descent. The infinite descent is linked to induction starting from n=3 by modus tollens. An inductive series of modus tollens is constructed. The proof of the series by induction is equivalent to Fermat’s last theorem. As far as Fermat had been proved the theorem for n=4, one can suggest that the proof for n≥4 was accessible to him.
An idea for an elementary arithmetical proof of Fermat’s last theorem (FLT) by induction is suggested. It would be accessible to Fermat unlike Wiles’s proof (1995), and would justify Fermat’s claim (1637) for its proof. The inspiration for a simple proof would contradict to Descartes’s dualism for appealing to merge “mind” and “body”, “words” and “things”, “terms” and “propositions”, all orders of logic. A counterfactual course of history of mathematics and philosophy may be admitted. The bifurcation happened in Descartes and Fermat’s age. FLT is exceptionally difficult to be proved in our real branch rather than in the counterfactual one.
The space-time interpretation of Poincare’s conjecture proved by G. Perelman Vasil Penchev
Background and prehistory:
The French mathematician Henri Poincaré offered a statement known as “Poincaré’s conjecture” without a proof. It states that any 4-dimensional ball is equivalent to 3-dimensional Euclidean space topologically: a continuous mapping exists so that it maps the former ball into the latter space one-to-one.
At first glance, it seems to be too paradoxical for the following mismatches: the former is 4-dimensional and as if “closed” unlike the latter, 3-dimensional and as if “open” according to common sense. So, any mapping seemed to be necessarily discrete to be able to overcome those mismatches, and being discrete impies for the conjecture to be false.
Anyway, nobody managed neither to prove nor to reject rigorously the conjecture about one century. It was included even in the Millennium Prize Problems by the Clay Mathematics Institute.
It was proved by Grigory Perelman in 2003 using the concept of information.
Physical interpretation in terms of special relativity:
One may notice that the 4-ball is almost equivalent topologically to the “imaginary domain” of Minkowski space in the following sense of “almost”: that “half” of Minkowski space is equivalent topologically to the unfolding of a 4-ball. Then, the conjecture means the topological equivalence of the physical 3-space and its model in special relativity. In turn, that topological equivalence means their equivalence as to causality physically. So, Perelman has proved the adequacy of Minkowski space as a model of the physical 3-dimensional space rigorously. Of course, all experiments confirm the same empirically, but not mathematically as he did.
An idea of another proof of the conjecture based on that physical interpretation:
Topologically seen, the problem turns out to be reformulated so: one needs a proof of the topological equivalence of a 4-ball and its unfolding by 3-balls (what the “half” of Minkowski space is, topologically).
If one adds a complementary, second unfolding to link both ends of the first unfolding, the problem would be resolved: 4-ball would be equivalent to two 3-spaces topologically. Two 3-spaces are equivalent to a single one as follows: one divides a 3-space into two parts by a certain plane (that plane does not belong to any of them). Any part is equivalent topologically to a 3-space for any open neighborhood is transformed into an open one by the mapping of each part (excluding the boundary of the plane) into the complete 3-space.
That idea is linked to the original proof of Perelman by the concept of information. It means that any bit of information interpreted physically conserves causality. In other words, the choice of any of both states of a bit (e.g. designated as “0” and “1” recorded in a cell) does not violate causality (the cell, either “0” or “1”, or both “0” and “1” are equivalent to each other topologically and to a 3-space).
FROM THE PRINCIPLE OF LEAST ACTION TO THE CONSERVATION OF QUANTUM INFORMATION...Vasil Penchev
In fact, the first law of conservation (that of mass) was found in chemistry and generalized to the conservation of energy in physics by means of Einstein’s famous “E=mc2”. Energy conservation is implied by the principle of least action from a variational viewpoint as in Emmy Noether’s theorems (1918): any chemical change in a conservative (i.e. “closed”) system can be accomplished only in the way conserving its total energy. Bohr’s innovation to found Mendeleev’s periodic table by quantum mechanics implies a certain generalization referring to
the quantum leaps as if accomplished in all possible trajectories (according to Feynman’s interpretation) and therefore generalizing the principle of least action and needing a certain generalization of energy conservation as to any quantum change.The transition from the first to the second theorem of Emmy Noether represents well the necessary generalization: its chemical meaning is the ge eralization of any chemical reaction to be accomplished as if any possible course of time rather than in the standard evenly running time (and equivalent to energy conservation according to the first theorem). The problem: If any quantum change is accomplished in al possible “variations (i.e. “violations) of energy conservation” (by different probabilities),
what (if any) is conserved? An answer: quantum information is what is conserved. Indeed, it can be particularly defined as the counterpart (e.g. in the sense of Emmy Noether’s theorems) to the physical quantity of action (e.g. as energy is the counterpart of time in them). It is valid in any course of time rather than in the evenly running one. That generalization implies a generalization of the periodic table including any continuous and smooth transformation between two chemical elements.
From the principle of least action to the conservation of quantum information...Vasil Penchev
In fact, the first law of conservation (that of mass) was found in chemistry and generalized to the conservation of energy in physics by means of Einstein’s famous “E=mc2”. Energy conservation is implied by the principle of least action from a variational viewpoint as in Emmy Noether’s theorems (1918):any chemical change in a conservative (i.e. “closed”) system can be accomplished only in the way conserving its total energy. Bohr’s innovation to found Mendeleev’s periodic table by quantum mechanics implies a certain generalization referring to the quantum leaps as if accomplished in all possible trajectories (e.g. according to Feynman’s viewpoint) and therefore generalizing the principle of least action and needing a certain generalization of energy conservation as to any quantum change.
The transition from the first to the second theorem of Emmy Noether represents well the necessary generalization: its chemical meaning is the generalization of any chemical reaction to be accomplished as if any possible course of time rather than in the standard evenly running time (and equivalent to energy conservation according to the first theorem).
The problem: If any quantum change is accomplished in all possible “variations (i.e. “violations) of energy conservation” (by different probabilities), what (if any) is conserved?
An answer: quantum information is what is conserved. Indeed it can be particularly defined as the counterpart (e.g. in the sense of Emmy Noether’s theorems) to the physical quantity of action (e.g. as energy is the counterpart of time in them). It is valid in any course of time rather than in the evenly running one. (An illustration: if observers in arbitrarily accelerated reference frames exchange light signals about the course of a single chemical reaction observed by all of them, the universal viewpoint shareаble by all is that of quantum information).
That generalization implies a generalization of the periodic table including any continuous and smooth transformation between two chemical elements necessary conserving quantum information rather than energy: thus it can be called “alchemical periodic table”.
Why anything rather than nothing? The answer of quantum mechnaicsVasil Penchev
Many researchers determine the question “Why anything
rather than nothing?” to be the most ancient and fundamental philosophical problem. It is closely related to the idea of Creation shared by religion, science, and philosophy, for example in the shape of the “Big Bang”, the doctrine of first cause or causa sui, the Creation in six days in the Bible, etc. Thus, the solution of quantum mechanics, being scientific in essence, can also be interpreted philosophically, and even religiously. This paper will only discuss the philosophical interpretation. The essence of the answer of quantum mechanics is: 1.) Creation is necessary in a rigorously mathematical sense. Thus, it does not need any hoice, free will, subject, God, etc. to appear. The world exists by virtue of mathematical necessity, e.g. as any mathematical truth such as 2+2=4; and 2.) Being is less than nothing rather than ore than nothing. Thus creation is not an increase of nothing, but the decrease of nothing: it is a deficiency in relation to nothing. Time and its “arrow” form the road from that diminishment or incompleteness to nothing.
The Square of Opposition & The Concept of Infinity: The shared information s...Vasil Penchev
The power of the square of opposition has been proved during millennia, It supplies logic by the ontological language of infinity for describing anything...
6th WORLD CONGRESS ON THE SQUARE OF OPPOSITION
http://www.square-of-opposition.org/square2018.html
Mamardashvili, an Observer of the Totality. About “Symbol and Consciousness”,...Vasil Penchev
The paper discusses a few tensions “crucifying” the works and even personality of the great Georgian philosopher Merab Mamardashvili: East and West; human being and thought, symbol and consciousness, infinity and finiteness, similarity and differences. The observer can be involved as the correlative counterpart of the totality: An observer opposed to the totality externalizes an internal part outside. Thus the phenomena of an observer and the totality turn out to converge to each other or to be one and the same. In other words, the phenomenon of an observer includes the singularity of the solipsistic Self, which (or “who”) is the same as that of the totality. Furthermore, observation can be thought as that primary and initial action underlain by the phenomenon of an observer. That action of observation consists in the externalization of the solipsistic Self outside as some external reality. It is both a zero action and the singularity of the phenomenon of action. The main conclusions are: Mamardashvili’s philosophy can be thought both as the suffering effort to be a human being again and again as well as the philosophical reflection on the genesis of thought from itself by the same effort. Thus it can be recognized as a powerful tension between signs anа symbol, between conscious structures and consciousness, between the syncretism of the East and the discursiveness of the West crucifying spiritually Georgia
Completeness: From henkin's Proposition to Quantum ComputerVasil Penchev
The paper addresses Leon Henkin's proposition as a "lighthouse",
which can elucidate a vast territory of knowledge uniformly: logic, set theory,
information theory, and quantum mechanics: Two strategies to infinity are
equally relevant for it is as universal and thus complete as open and thus incomplete.
Henkin's, Godel's, Robert Jeroslow's, and Hartley Rogers'
proposition are reformulated so that both completeness and incompleteness to
be unified and thus reduced as a joint property of infinity and of all infinite sets.
However, only Henkin's proposition equivalent to an internal position to
infinity is consistent . This can be retraced back to set theory and its axioms,
where tha t of choice is a key. Quantum mechanics is forced to introduce infinity implicitly by Hilbert space, on which is founded its formalism. One can
demonstrate that some essential properties of quantum information,
entanglement, and quantum computer originate directly from infinity once it is
involved in quantum mechanics. Thus, these phenomena can be elucidated as
both complete and incomplete, after which choice is the border between them.
A special kind of invariance to the axiom of choice shared by quantum
mechanics is discussed to be involved that border between the completeness
and incompleteness of infinity in a consistent way. The so-called paradox of
Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen is interpreted entirely in
the same terms only of set theory. Quantum computer can demonstrate
especially clearly the privilege of the internal position, or "observer'' , or "user" to infinity implied by Henkin's proposition as the only consist ent ones as to infinity. An essential area of contemporary knowledge may be synthesized from a single viewpoint.
Why anything rather than nothing? The answer of quantum mechanicsVasil Penchev
The state of “nothing” is not stable
❖ The physical nothing is not a general vacuum
The being is less than nothing
❖ The creation is taking away from the nothing
Time is the destruction of symmetry
❖ The creation need not any (external) cause
The state of nothing passes spontaneously (by itself) into the state of being
❖ This represents the “creation”
The transition of nothing into being is mathematically necessary
❖ The choice (which can be interpreted philosophically as “free will”) appears necessary in mathematical reasons
❖ The choice generates asymmetry, which is the beginning of time and thus, of the physical word
❖ Information is the quantity of choices and linked to time intimately
The outlined approach allows a common philosophical viewpoint to the physical world, language and some mathematical structures therefore calling for the universe to be understood as a joint physical, linguistic and mathematical universum, in which physical motion and metaphor are one and the same rather than only similar in a sense.
Hilbert Space and pseudo-Riemannian Space: The Common Base of Quantum Informa...Vasil Penchev
Hilbert space underlying quantum mechanics and pseudo-Riemannian space underlying general relativity share a common base of quantum information. Hilbert space can be interpreted as the free variable of quantum information, and any point in it, being equivalent to a wave function (and thus, to a state of a quantum system), as a value of that variable of quantum information. In turn, pseudo-Riemannian space can be interpreted as the interaction of two or more quantities of quantum information and thus, as two or more entangled quantum systems. Consequently, one can distinguish local physical interactions describable by a single Hilbert space (or by any factorizable tensor product of such ones) and non-local physical interactions describable only by means by that Hilbert space, which cannot be factorized as any tensor product of the Hilbert spaces, by means of which one can describe the interacting quantum subsystems separately. Any interaction, which can be exhaustedly described in a single Hilbert space, such as the weak, strong, and electromagnetic one, is local in terms of quantum information. Any interaction, which cannot be described thus, is nonlocal in terms of quantum information. Any interaction, which is exhaustedly describable by pseudo-Riemannian space, such as gravity, is nonlocal in this sense. Consequently all known physical interaction can be described by a single geometrical base interpreting it in terms of quantum information.
Analogia entis as analogy universalized and formalized rigorously and mathema...Vasil Penchev
THE SECOND WORLD CONGRESS ON ANALOGY, POZNAŃ, MAY 24-26, 2017
(The Venue: Sala Lubrańskiego (Lubrański’s Hall at the Collegium Minus), Adam Mickiewicz University, Address: ul. Wieniawskiego 1) The presentation: 24 May, 15:30
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
2. Vasil Penchev
• Bulgarian Academy of Sciences: Institute for the Study of Societies
and Knowledge (the former Institute for Philosophical Research)
• vasildinev@gmail.com
o2nd Annual Conference of The European Network of Japanese
Philosophy (ENOJP)
oUniversité libre de Bruxelles 2016, December 7-10
o8 December 15:30 (room 3)
3. “The petals of rhapsodic silence”!
• Language is Koto ba in Japanese: “the petals of rhapsodic
silence”, according to the Questioning’s translation
o The Questioning synthesizes the elucidation of the Japanese about what
the Japanese word for ‘language’ means in this way
• The dialog and thus text are conecntarted on that
understanding of language hidden in the extraordinary
definition of language which the Japanase language contains
as a word for ‘language’
4. About that text of Heidegger!
• That text of Heidegger is unusual among all texts of his
o One might add that Heidegger himself is extraordinary among all
European philosophers
• All his texts are sharply distinguishable
o They are both conceptual and metaphorical
• He calls for a kind of philosophy, which is not anti-
conceptual, but pre-conceptual fot it should ground the
notions themselves
5. Its peculiarities:
• This text of Hedegger is the only one in the form of dialog
o It is the only one comparing his thought with the Japanese way of
thought
• One can assume that the subject of the text, namely the
essence of language, is what calls for those extraordinary
peculiarities
o Then, its form being inseparable from its contains should be consider as
an essential part of the definition itself of language
6. The being of language, or being’s being!
• What the dialog addresses is the being of language, where
‘being’ should be heard also as both ‘creature’ and ‘essence’
as in the German word ‘Wesen’
o That approach is opposite to the standard one of European science
• The modern European science constitutes itself by
disjunctively dividing ‘subject’ (‘creature’) from ‘object’ to
purify the latter to its ‘essence’ as truth
o Thus Heidegger’s thought of language is directly opposed to that idea of
science
7. A dialog with a certhain otherness!
• So, the unusual form and subject should answer to the
questioning being of language:
o The dialog with an otherness, but not any, and a certain otherness, that
of Japanese, was what Heidegger chose as the relevant form to reveal the
being of language
• Language is conversation, “we are a conversation”, he states
in a work for Hölderlin
o Then, that dialog, which we are, is language, and its essence can be
discovered just by a relevant dialog
8. Being’s being as
the “petals of rhapsodic silence”!
• If the word of language in Japanese might be thought as the
“petals of rhapsodic silence”, the Japanese language tells us
the being of language
o That metaphor juxtaposes the language with the opposite of it: silence
• However, not any silence is pregnant with language, but only
“rhapsodic silence”
o That “rhapsodic silence” is able to floar in that process known as
language, the words of which are “petals”
9. Language as “Dichtung” (poetry)!
• That was the reason for Heidegger to choose its otherness to
think of the being of language
o Just as he chose Hölderlin’s poetry for Hölderlin created in verses
(dichtet) the being of poetry (Dichtung)
• Language for linguistic is an object of investigation consisting
of words is not alive
o Language for poetry is a live creature for the poetry itself is alive
• Language as poetry recreate the essence of all by dialog, i.e.
only in a conversation with another creature such as human
beings
10. Self-referentiality of the text!
• The dialog of the Questioning with the Japanese about the
being of language (in Japanese) is just right the being of
language
o However, the text represents what means also by its form itself
• The text, which should explain the essence of language is (a
part of) language in turn
o Language generates ontology and thus totality by itself
11. The being of language as
a conversation of otherness(es)!
• This means: the being of language is a dialog with an
otherness, but not any, and a certain otherness, that of
poetry
o Poetry is that otherness of language, which is its essence
• Language as the totality contains its otherness within itself
as its essence, which is poetry
o Language questions Japanese, a certain other language, to bloom its
essence in (a) dialog
12. Language, truth and Alethea
• Japanese is poetic, here is why it is chosen to reveal and
bring out the being of language from hiddenness in Alethea
o Koto ba, the petals of rhapsodic silence is the poetic essence of language,
its being as a creature
• Koto ba is the word, a petal, in Japanese for ‘language’
o The petals of rhapsodic silence is that language, which think its being
poetically
• This is Japanese
13. The only way for language to be!
• The being of language questions its otherness of poetry, or
“rhapsodic silence”, always, and this is the only way for
language to be
oThus, the conversation of the Questioning with (a) Japanese is a way for
the language itself and by itself to reveal itsef in intself
• That text is an extended description of the phenomenon of
language in the sense of philosophical phenomenology
o It happens by itself only for the nature of language
14. Languages and “petals”!
• One might complement that Japanese and German (as well
as English) languages are petals of the “rhapsodic silence”
not less than the words in Japanese (or in any other
language)
o There is (Es gibt) that one is many at the same time for its nature
• That special one is language
o Any “atom” of it, a word, is the same kind of ‘one – many’, which is the
language itself
15. “Rhapsodic silence”:
both metaphor and oxymoron!
• “Rhapsodic silence” is both metaphor and oxymoron for a
speech is what can be naturally rhapsodic
o The being of language is contradictory, a motion aiming to express or
even to be repose
• Thus it needs an expression being both metaphor and
oxymoron to be itself by itself and in itself, i.e. for its
phenomenon as appearing
o That phenomenon needs a certain metaphor to be: “rhapsodic silence”!
16. From “rhapsodic silence”
to the “petals of rhapsodic silence”
• “The petals of rhapsodic silence” is both second metaphor
and meta-metaphor thus reflecting and repeating the
oxymoron of the former
o The “petals” are sensual, visible, maybe smellable unlike silence whether
rhapsodic or not
• However, it is furthermore “rhapsodic”
o So, the strcture of both metaphor and oxymoron is repeated in both
meta-level and same level
17. Language questioning itself:
• That is an attempt for language to reply to its asking being
revealed in Japanese as Koto ba
oThe question by itself is an openness, which calls for an answer, i.e. for
closeness
• Questioning, language finds itself as the answer
oThus it reveals itself as a dialog with itself being both question and
answer
• That questioning language is exemplified right the form of
the text, in which the Questioning ask (a) Japanese for what
language is
18. Language as the truth of metaphor!
• Whether the notions of language as linguistics or the being
of language as an open and inexhaustible questioning says
more?
oThe truth of metaphor is right its openness
• Speaking otherwise, just in opposition to the closeness of
the notions, one may say “unhiddenness”, “aletheia” for the
openness of metaphor
oFurthermore, on may think of language as that openness
19. Concepts vs metaphors!
• European science and even philosophy prefers the concepts
o They seem to be more reliable to build the knowledge for their
constantness
• However, that constantness implies closeness and thus a
kind of dogmatism of scientific knowledge
o On the contrary, the metaphors are always opened to new interpretation,
viewpoints and thus to new knowledge but seem to be unfit and
unsuitable for building just for changeability
20. Heidegger’s preference!
• Heidegger chose Japanese and Japanese philosophy to
poeticize language and thus to reveal its being in this text
o Japanese serves to the language to talk to itself as one otherness to be
able in thus to reveal its essence, being, phenomenon, creature, etc.
right as a gracious and thoughtful conversation returning to and within
itself
• (A) Japanese helps the questioning Heidegger to reveal
what language is
21. The closeness of the concepts:
• The concepts do not need any questions or interpretations
to be what they are and mean
o They are or try to be independent of any context of relevant or even
irrelevant use
• Thus their constancy to mean and be always one and the
same implies their closeness just as the independence from
their context
o The physical bodies of classical mechanics are analogically closed and
constant concentrating all their actuality within themselves
22. Language as both openness and closeness!
• Language is a conversation and thus it needs both to exist
o One might say that language is always a process sequently altering right
openness and closeness, e.g. the openness of metaphor and the closeness
of notion, as each of which the “petals” of language can flower
• One might say furthermore that language is always a process
sequently altering right the openness of dialog addressing
some collocutor and the closeness of understanding
o At last, one might say that the two phases are merging in one and the
same in the being of language
23. Ku, Iro, and Iki:
• The other three Japanese words in Heidegger’s text: Ku, Iro,
and Iki
o Unfortunately, there is no enough time to be discussed
• Fortunately, the considered already Japanese word, Koto ba
is crucial for the creature of Heideger’s text in question
Thank you very much for your kind attention!
• The file of this presentation may be downloaded in formats
PowerPoint, PDF, or watched at YouTube after typing its title,
Heidegger questioning (a) Japanese, in any search engine such as
Google, Bing, etc.
24. Reference:
Heidegger, M. “Aus einem Gespräch von der Sprache
(1953/54). Zwischen einem Japaner und einem Fragenden, in:
Untrewegs zu Sprache (Gesamtausgabe, Band 12). Frankfurt
am Main: V. Klostermann, 1985, pp. 80-145
(English translation: “A Dialog on Language,” in: On the Way to
Language (transl. P. D. Hertz). New York, etc.: Harper & Row,
pp. 1-54)