Discourse analysis
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Discourse analysis is the study of language functioning in context. It examines both spoken and written language. Spoken discourse typically has lower lexical density and turns involve a single speaker at a time with minimal overlap or interruptions between turns. Variation theory developed by Labov analyzes the structure of spoken narratives. Critical discourse analysis examines the relationship between language, ideology, power and sociocultural change. Corpus linguistics uses large language samples to objectively describe language use and variation in discourse.
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Discourse analysis
1) Jessica Elaine Cavazos Babcock is the subject of the document.
2) Discourse is studied across many disciplines like applied linguistics, sociology, and ethnography. Discourse analysts examine both spoken and written texts.
3) Discourse analysis describes and analyzes how language is structured in different contexts. It can help teachers understand text types and improve teacher-learner interactions.
Discourse Analysis
Discourse analysis focuses on analyzing both written and spoken communication beyond the sentence level. It examines how people interact and make meaning based on context clues, background knowledge, and social purpose. Some key aspects of discourse analysis include examining cohesion between statements, coherence, speech events, conversational interactions, and Grice's cooperation principle which outlines assumptions speakers make. The goal is to interpret the intended meaning, not just the surface level meaning of words.
Discourse analysis new
The document discusses the key concepts of discourse analysis including:
- Language has both transactional and interactional functions
- Spoken and written language differ in their production and use
- Utterances refer to spoken language while sentences refer to written language
- Discourse analysts study natural language use in context to describe regularities rather than rules
- The focus is on language as a dynamic process rather than just the static products of language
Discourse and the sentence
Defining discourse
Discourse analysis
The scope of discourse analysis
Sentence and utterance
Discourse and the sentence
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS FOR LANGUAGE TEACHER
1. The document provides an overview of discourse analysis, which is the study of language use in context. It discusses the historical development of the field and various approaches to analyzing both spoken and written discourse.
2. Key aspects covered include speech acts, discourse structures, models for analyzing classroom conversations and casual talk, cohesion in written texts, interpretation of meaning, and patterns in larger text structures.
3. Discourse analysis examines both form and function in language and how language is used for social purposes. It draws from various related fields and has applications for language teaching.
Discourse analysis
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis and related concepts. It defines discourse as language above the sentence level, including spoken language larger than a sentence. It describes structural and functional approaches to analyzing discourse, including examining constituents and their relationships or focusing on language functions. The document also discusses speech act theory, pragmatics, and key concepts like implicature, conversational maxims, and how language is used to perform actions. Discourse analysis examines language use as a social practice shaped by and having implications for social structures.
Discourse analysis
Discourse analysis is the study of written and spoken language use beyond the sentence level. It examines how language is used in a social context and how it relates to other factors like culture. There are different types of discourse including narrative, descriptive, persuasive, argumentative, and expository. Oral discourse involves spoken communication while written discourse conveys meaning through written language. Some key differences between oral and written discourse are that oral discourse allows for nonverbal cues and can be more spontaneous while written discourse provides more structure and cannot be changed once published.
Discourse Analysis
The document provides an overview of discourse analysis, including its origin, importance, differences between text and discourse, linguistic functions, cohesive devices, interpersonal functions, conventions of conversations, cooperative principle, and background knowledge. It discusses how discourse analysis was first employed by Zelling Harris and defines discourse analysis as the study of how stretches of language used in communication assume meaning, purpose and unity for their users.
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Discourse analysis
1) Jessica Elaine Cavazos Babcock is the subject of the document.
2) Discourse is studied across many disciplines like applied linguistics, sociology, and ethnography. Discourse analysts examine both spoken and written texts.
3) Discourse analysis describes and analyzes how language is structured in different contexts. It can help teachers understand text types and improve teacher-learner interactions.
Discourse Analysis
Discourse analysis focuses on analyzing both written and spoken communication beyond the sentence level. It examines how people interact and make meaning based on context clues, background knowledge, and social purpose. Some key aspects of discourse analysis include examining cohesion between statements, coherence, speech events, conversational interactions, and Grice's cooperation principle which outlines assumptions speakers make. The goal is to interpret the intended meaning, not just the surface level meaning of words.
Discourse analysis new
The document discusses the key concepts of discourse analysis including:
- Language has both transactional and interactional functions
- Spoken and written language differ in their production and use
- Utterances refer to spoken language while sentences refer to written language
- Discourse analysts study natural language use in context to describe regularities rather than rules
- The focus is on language as a dynamic process rather than just the static products of language
Discourse and the sentence
Defining discourse
Discourse analysis
The scope of discourse analysis
Sentence and utterance
Discourse and the sentence
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS FOR LANGUAGE TEACHER
1. The document provides an overview of discourse analysis, which is the study of language use in context. It discusses the historical development of the field and various approaches to analyzing both spoken and written discourse.
2. Key aspects covered include speech acts, discourse structures, models for analyzing classroom conversations and casual talk, cohesion in written texts, interpretation of meaning, and patterns in larger text structures.
3. Discourse analysis examines both form and function in language and how language is used for social purposes. It draws from various related fields and has applications for language teaching.
Discourse analysis
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis and related concepts. It defines discourse as language above the sentence level, including spoken language larger than a sentence. It describes structural and functional approaches to analyzing discourse, including examining constituents and their relationships or focusing on language functions. The document also discusses speech act theory, pragmatics, and key concepts like implicature, conversational maxims, and how language is used to perform actions. Discourse analysis examines language use as a social practice shaped by and having implications for social structures.
Discourse analysis
Discourse analysis is the study of written and spoken language use beyond the sentence level. It examines how language is used in a social context and how it relates to other factors like culture. There are different types of discourse including narrative, descriptive, persuasive, argumentative, and expository. Oral discourse involves spoken communication while written discourse conveys meaning through written language. Some key differences between oral and written discourse are that oral discourse allows for nonverbal cues and can be more spontaneous while written discourse provides more structure and cannot be changed once published.
Discourse Analysis
The document provides an overview of discourse analysis, including its origin, importance, differences between text and discourse, linguistic functions, cohesive devices, interpersonal functions, conventions of conversations, cooperative principle, and background knowledge. It discusses how discourse analysis was first employed by Zelling Harris and defines discourse analysis as the study of how stretches of language used in communication assume meaning, purpose and unity for their users.
Copy Of Discourse Analysis Presented To Miss Rabia
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis, including its origin, importance, and key concepts. It discusses how discourse analysis focuses on language use beyond the sentence level and how it examines both interpersonal and textual linguistic functions. Key aspects covered include the difference between text and discourse, coherence and cohesion, conversational interactions, and the cooperative principle underlying most conversations.
Discourse analysis
Discourse analysis examines language use in context. It looks at both spoken and written language beyond the sentence level. Discourse is a social interaction between speakers, while a text is simply a written message. Discourse analysis uses tools like cohesion, coherence, background knowledge, and conversation analysis to interpret meaning. It considers aspects like anaphoric references, speech events, and Grice's cooperative principle to understand what a speaker intends to communicate. Discourse analysis is useful for interpreting meaning from both grammatical and ungrammatical language use.
Presentase discourse analysis group 1
Discourse analysis is the study of language use beyond the sentence level. It examines how stretches of language take on meaning and coherence for communication. There are structural and functional definitions of discourse. Structurally, discourse is a linguistic unit above the sentence, while functionally it is a particular use of language. Historically, discourse analysis originated in classical rhetoric and linguistics over 2000 years ago, but emerged as a modern discipline in the 1960s-1970s across various fields including linguistics, sociolinguistics, psychology, and anthropology. It draws from theories such as speech act theory, sociolinguistics, and the study of language variation.
Discourse Analysis by Christopher J. Hall et al
This guide for students and practitioners is introduced by Christopher J. Hall, Patrick H. Smith, and Rachel Wicaksono. This presentation talks about discourse analysis and its several definitions including the pervasive relevance of discourse (analysis), linguistic approaches to discourse analysis, social approaches to discourse analysis, and themes in contemporary discourse analysis. This will discuss the nature of discourse analysis in context significant to all PhD Language Studies students around the globe.
Discourse analysis
This document discusses discourse analysis and various approaches to studying discourse. It defines discourse as language use above the sentence level and discusses the importance of situational context, background knowledge, and co-textual context in discourse analysis. It then describes several approaches to discourse analysis including conversation analysis, ethnography of communication, and pragmatics. Key concepts in these approaches like turn-taking, speech acts, implicature, and Hymes's SPEAKING model are also summarized.
Discourse analysis for language teacher.
Discourse analysis is concerned with studying language in use and the relationship between language and context. It examines both written texts and spoken language. Several influential approaches developed in the 1960s and 1970s from fields including linguistics, psychology, and sociology. Discourse analysis considers how grammatical form relates to communicative function. It also examines speech acts, the structure of conversations and written texts, and how language is used as social activity.
Discourse Analysis
This document provides an overview of the history and development of discourse analysis. It discusses how discourse analysis grew out of various disciplines in the 1960s-1970s and examines language in use, both written and spoken. Major figures and approaches discussed include Zellig Harris, Dell Hymes and sociological perspectives, J.L. Austin and linguistic philosophy, M.A.K. Halliday's functional approach, and conversation analysis traditions in both Britain and America. The document traces how structural, pragmatic, and ethnomethodological influences shaped different traditions of discourse analysis over time.
Explanation of discourse analysis
Discourse analysis examines language above the sentence level, including stretches of spoken or written language. There are structural and functional approaches. Structurally, discourse looks at relationships between linguistic units. Functionally, discourse fulfills various functions like referring or expressing oneself. Recent approaches view discourse as a social practice shaped by and having implications for social structures. Speech act theory analyzes the actions performed through language, such as statements, questions, promises. Pragmatics studies how context and implicature contribute to meaning.
Differences between spoken and written discourse
This document outlines the key differences between spoken and written discourse as presented in a lecture. It discusses 7 commonly held differences: grammatical intricacy, lexical density, nominalization, explicitness, contextualization, spontaneity, and repetition/hesitations. For each, it presents the commonly held view and potential rebuttals. It concludes by discussing McCarthy's view that these differences exist on a continuum rather than as absolute distinctions, and that genres can vary considerably within the spoken and written modes.
Discourse Studies
This document discusses key concepts in discourse analysis including:
1) The difference between discourse and text, with discourse referring to language use in context and text being any written or spoken communication.
2) How coherence is created in texts through cohesive devices like reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion.
3) The relationship between words and meanings in semantics and how pragmatics studies language use in social contexts.
Discourse
Discourse analysis examines how sentences form coherent units like paragraphs and conversations. Cohesion refers to grammatical and lexical relationships between discourse elements, created through devices like reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction. However, coherence depends on how people interpret a discourse based on their background knowledge and expectations. While cohesive devices link utterances, coherence involves constructing a meaningful interpretation in line with one's experience of the world.
Discourse analysis
This document discusses discourse analysis and provides information on key concepts. It defines discourse analysis as the analysis of language beyond the sentence level, including analysis of text and conversation. It also discusses several basic ideas in discourse analysis such as text analysis, conversation analysis, cohesion, coherence, speech events, turn-taking, and the cooperative principle. The document provides examples and explanations of these concepts.
Approaches to discourse
The document discusses several approaches to studying discourse, including conversation analysis, variationist analysis, speech act theory, ethnography of communication, interactional sociolinguistics, and pragmatics. Conversation analysis focuses on the sequencing of utterances in conversation. Variationist analysis examines structural categories within spoken texts. Speech act theory analyzes the communicative acts performed through language. Ethnography of communication considers how communication reflects different cultures. Interactional sociolinguistics studies the social and linguistic meanings created during interaction. Pragmatics analyzes what speakers mean through their utterances.
Discourse Analysis
The document discusses various concepts related to discourse analysis. It defines discourse as language beyond the sentence level, including texts and conversations. Discourse analysis studies language use and overlaps with pragmatics. It also discusses concepts like cohesion, coherence, implicatures, background knowledge, schemas and scripts. Cohesion refers to grammatical and lexical relationships between text elements. Coherence relates to how well different parts of a text fit together semantically.
Discourse analysis
This Power Point Presentation gives a short introduction to the field of Discourse Analysis and its interdisciplinary approach to the field.
Discourse analysis
Discourse analysis is the study of language use in context. It examines both spoken and written language. American discourse analysis has focused on close observation of natural conversations, emphasizing turn-taking and interaction norms. British discourse analysis is influenced by M.A.K. Halliday's functional approach and examines the social functions of language and informational structure. Discourse analysis considers both the micro-level structure of individual interactions as well as larger patterns found across texts. It analyzes both what language is doing and how listeners/readers are meant to interpret it according to conventions of different types of discourse.
Discourse analysis by gillian brown & george yule
This document introduces the concepts of transactional and interactional functions of language. Transactional functions involve the expression of "content", aiming to communicate information. Interactional functions involve expressing social relations and personal attitudes. The distinction corresponds to other dichotomies in linguistics such as referential/emotive and ideational/interpersonal. While language often serves multiple functions simultaneously, the introduction focuses on distinguishing these major functions for analytic purposes. It also notes that most linguists adopt a transactional view that language's primary function is communicating information, though it acknowledges language also plays important interactional roles.
Ppp discourse analysis for language teacher
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis for language teachers. It defines discourse analysis as the study of language beyond the sentence level and how language is used in different communicative contexts. A brief history is given of the field, including contributions from speech act theory, functional linguistics, and ethnomethodology. Models for analyzing spoken discourse, such as question-answer sequences and conversations, and written discourse are described. The document also discusses how discourse analysis examines the form and function of language as well as interpretation of texts and recurring patterns. The conclusion emphasizes what can be learned about argument construction and social practices through discourse analysis.
Discourse analysis
This document discusses discourse analysis and provides definitions and examples. It defines discourse analysis as the study of language in use and how it relates to society, culture, and thought. It is used in several disciplines including linguistics, sociolinguistics, and psycholinguistics. The document also discusses why discourse analysis is studied, such as to better understand how language and good texts work. It notes the diversity of discourse and analysis, which involves language above the sentence level. Finally, it provides definitions of pidgin and creole languages and an example using Jamaican creole.
Discourse analysis
The document discusses discourse analysis and related linguistic concepts. It defines discourse as language above the sentence level, including stretches of spoken language that are coherent and meaningful. It describes two approaches to analyzing discourse: structural, which looks at grammatical relationships between units, and functional, which examines how language performs different social functions. Recent approaches view discourse as a social practice shaped by and having implications for social structures. The document also discusses speech act theory, which proposes that utterances in dialogue perform actions, such as asking a question or making a promise.
Critical discourse analysis of the ideology of media presented through news
The document discusses critical discourse analysis (CDA) and its application to analyzing news media. It provides definitions and approaches to discourse analysis and differentiates it from CDA. CDA pays attention to ideologies and power relations underlying discourse. The aims of CDA are outlined, including uncovering implicit meanings and ideologies. Two examples are given analyzing how newspapers framed a news story about a police incident differently, showing their different ideological stances. The document serves to introduce CDA and its relevance to analyzing media discourse.
Discourse Analysis ppt
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis including definitions, approaches, and how it relates to other fields. It defines discourse analysis as the study of language use beyond the sentence level, including how language functions in social and cultural contexts. Three main approaches are discussed: speech act theory which examines communicative acts, ethnography of communication which analyzes patterns of communication in cultures, and pragmatics which studies how context informs meaning. The document also explains how discourse analysis relates to other fields like sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and pragmatics through their shared interests but different data sources.
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Copy Of Discourse Analysis Presented To Miss Rabia
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis, including its origin, importance, and key concepts. It discusses how discourse analysis focuses on language use beyond the sentence level and how it examines both interpersonal and textual linguistic functions. Key aspects covered include the difference between text and discourse, coherence and cohesion, conversational interactions, and the cooperative principle underlying most conversations.
Discourse analysis
Discourse analysis examines language use in context. It looks at both spoken and written language beyond the sentence level. Discourse is a social interaction between speakers, while a text is simply a written message. Discourse analysis uses tools like cohesion, coherence, background knowledge, and conversation analysis to interpret meaning. It considers aspects like anaphoric references, speech events, and Grice's cooperative principle to understand what a speaker intends to communicate. Discourse analysis is useful for interpreting meaning from both grammatical and ungrammatical language use.
Presentase discourse analysis group 1
Discourse analysis is the study of language use beyond the sentence level. It examines how stretches of language take on meaning and coherence for communication. There are structural and functional definitions of discourse. Structurally, discourse is a linguistic unit above the sentence, while functionally it is a particular use of language. Historically, discourse analysis originated in classical rhetoric and linguistics over 2000 years ago, but emerged as a modern discipline in the 1960s-1970s across various fields including linguistics, sociolinguistics, psychology, and anthropology. It draws from theories such as speech act theory, sociolinguistics, and the study of language variation.
Discourse Analysis by Christopher J. Hall et al
This guide for students and practitioners is introduced by Christopher J. Hall, Patrick H. Smith, and Rachel Wicaksono. This presentation talks about discourse analysis and its several definitions including the pervasive relevance of discourse (analysis), linguistic approaches to discourse analysis, social approaches to discourse analysis, and themes in contemporary discourse analysis. This will discuss the nature of discourse analysis in context significant to all PhD Language Studies students around the globe.
Discourse analysis
This document discusses discourse analysis and various approaches to studying discourse. It defines discourse as language use above the sentence level and discusses the importance of situational context, background knowledge, and co-textual context in discourse analysis. It then describes several approaches to discourse analysis including conversation analysis, ethnography of communication, and pragmatics. Key concepts in these approaches like turn-taking, speech acts, implicature, and Hymes's SPEAKING model are also summarized.
Discourse analysis for language teacher.
Discourse analysis is concerned with studying language in use and the relationship between language and context. It examines both written texts and spoken language. Several influential approaches developed in the 1960s and 1970s from fields including linguistics, psychology, and sociology. Discourse analysis considers how grammatical form relates to communicative function. It also examines speech acts, the structure of conversations and written texts, and how language is used as social activity.
Discourse Analysis
This document provides an overview of the history and development of discourse analysis. It discusses how discourse analysis grew out of various disciplines in the 1960s-1970s and examines language in use, both written and spoken. Major figures and approaches discussed include Zellig Harris, Dell Hymes and sociological perspectives, J.L. Austin and linguistic philosophy, M.A.K. Halliday's functional approach, and conversation analysis traditions in both Britain and America. The document traces how structural, pragmatic, and ethnomethodological influences shaped different traditions of discourse analysis over time.
Explanation of discourse analysis
Discourse analysis examines language above the sentence level, including stretches of spoken or written language. There are structural and functional approaches. Structurally, discourse looks at relationships between linguistic units. Functionally, discourse fulfills various functions like referring or expressing oneself. Recent approaches view discourse as a social practice shaped by and having implications for social structures. Speech act theory analyzes the actions performed through language, such as statements, questions, promises. Pragmatics studies how context and implicature contribute to meaning.
Differences between spoken and written discourse
This document outlines the key differences between spoken and written discourse as presented in a lecture. It discusses 7 commonly held differences: grammatical intricacy, lexical density, nominalization, explicitness, contextualization, spontaneity, and repetition/hesitations. For each, it presents the commonly held view and potential rebuttals. It concludes by discussing McCarthy's view that these differences exist on a continuum rather than as absolute distinctions, and that genres can vary considerably within the spoken and written modes.
Discourse Studies
This document discusses key concepts in discourse analysis including:
1) The difference between discourse and text, with discourse referring to language use in context and text being any written or spoken communication.
2) How coherence is created in texts through cohesive devices like reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion.
3) The relationship between words and meanings in semantics and how pragmatics studies language use in social contexts.
Discourse
Discourse analysis examines how sentences form coherent units like paragraphs and conversations. Cohesion refers to grammatical and lexical relationships between discourse elements, created through devices like reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction. However, coherence depends on how people interpret a discourse based on their background knowledge and expectations. While cohesive devices link utterances, coherence involves constructing a meaningful interpretation in line with one's experience of the world.
Discourse analysis
This document discusses discourse analysis and provides information on key concepts. It defines discourse analysis as the analysis of language beyond the sentence level, including analysis of text and conversation. It also discusses several basic ideas in discourse analysis such as text analysis, conversation analysis, cohesion, coherence, speech events, turn-taking, and the cooperative principle. The document provides examples and explanations of these concepts.
Approaches to discourse
The document discusses several approaches to studying discourse, including conversation analysis, variationist analysis, speech act theory, ethnography of communication, interactional sociolinguistics, and pragmatics. Conversation analysis focuses on the sequencing of utterances in conversation. Variationist analysis examines structural categories within spoken texts. Speech act theory analyzes the communicative acts performed through language. Ethnography of communication considers how communication reflects different cultures. Interactional sociolinguistics studies the social and linguistic meanings created during interaction. Pragmatics analyzes what speakers mean through their utterances.
Discourse Analysis
The document discusses various concepts related to discourse analysis. It defines discourse as language beyond the sentence level, including texts and conversations. Discourse analysis studies language use and overlaps with pragmatics. It also discusses concepts like cohesion, coherence, implicatures, background knowledge, schemas and scripts. Cohesion refers to grammatical and lexical relationships between text elements. Coherence relates to how well different parts of a text fit together semantically.
Discourse analysis
This Power Point Presentation gives a short introduction to the field of Discourse Analysis and its interdisciplinary approach to the field.
Discourse analysis
Discourse analysis is the study of language use in context. It examines both spoken and written language. American discourse analysis has focused on close observation of natural conversations, emphasizing turn-taking and interaction norms. British discourse analysis is influenced by M.A.K. Halliday's functional approach and examines the social functions of language and informational structure. Discourse analysis considers both the micro-level structure of individual interactions as well as larger patterns found across texts. It analyzes both what language is doing and how listeners/readers are meant to interpret it according to conventions of different types of discourse.
Discourse analysis by gillian brown & george yule
This document introduces the concepts of transactional and interactional functions of language. Transactional functions involve the expression of "content", aiming to communicate information. Interactional functions involve expressing social relations and personal attitudes. The distinction corresponds to other dichotomies in linguistics such as referential/emotive and ideational/interpersonal. While language often serves multiple functions simultaneously, the introduction focuses on distinguishing these major functions for analytic purposes. It also notes that most linguists adopt a transactional view that language's primary function is communicating information, though it acknowledges language also plays important interactional roles.
Ppp discourse analysis for language teacher
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis for language teachers. It defines discourse analysis as the study of language beyond the sentence level and how language is used in different communicative contexts. A brief history is given of the field, including contributions from speech act theory, functional linguistics, and ethnomethodology. Models for analyzing spoken discourse, such as question-answer sequences and conversations, and written discourse are described. The document also discusses how discourse analysis examines the form and function of language as well as interpretation of texts and recurring patterns. The conclusion emphasizes what can be learned about argument construction and social practices through discourse analysis.
Discourse analysis
This document discusses discourse analysis and provides definitions and examples. It defines discourse analysis as the study of language in use and how it relates to society, culture, and thought. It is used in several disciplines including linguistics, sociolinguistics, and psycholinguistics. The document also discusses why discourse analysis is studied, such as to better understand how language and good texts work. It notes the diversity of discourse and analysis, which involves language above the sentence level. Finally, it provides definitions of pidgin and creole languages and an example using Jamaican creole.
Discourse analysis
The document discusses discourse analysis and related linguistic concepts. It defines discourse as language above the sentence level, including stretches of spoken language that are coherent and meaningful. It describes two approaches to analyzing discourse: structural, which looks at grammatical relationships between units, and functional, which examines how language performs different social functions. Recent approaches view discourse as a social practice shaped by and having implications for social structures. The document also discusses speech act theory, which proposes that utterances in dialogue perform actions, such as asking a question or making a promise.
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Unit 6. Ideologies, social-identities & reproduction of these in society
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Discourse and Genre (the relationship between discourse and genre)
We provide some questions to make the discussion clearer
1. What is discourse?
Discourse is the use of language in text and context
2. What is genre?
Genre in linguistics refers to the type and structure of language typically used for a particular purpose in a particular context.
3. What is relationship between discourse and genre?
Discourse analysis is genre analysis. When we analyze discourses, of course we will specify them into more specific types from the characteristics of each discourse. For exampleThe specific type of discourses is called as genre.
4. Why should we use genre to analyze discourse?
Discourse is language in use. It is huge and almost unlimited. So, when we want to analyze discourses, we need a limitation to limit the unlimited things. Here, we use an analogy for this statement. (slide 11,12)
Genre provides limit in discourse.
That is why genre is used to help us divining and analyzing the discourses.
5. How do we analyze discourse through genre?
Example: text “Forklift fatty Improving”.
----------
The text is taken from the newspaper report. As we see in the language features and structures, we can divine it into recount text. It is non fiction, because it is based on real event. And it is written. So, we can say that this discourse has written non-fiction recount genre.
But, we cannot make sure that a type of discourse always has the same characteristics, because discourse is neither absolutely homogenous nor absolutely heterogeneous. Discourse is sometimes heterogeneous. Here, we provide two videos which have the same genre, but quite different in terms of language features and structures.
---------VIDEO
From the videos, we can feel that the first and the second videos are quite different. The structure in the first video is introduction (addressing, personal value), content (some important issues, e.g: financial issues, goals of America, ), closing (hope for American future, blessing). The language features used in the first video is more formal, present tense. The atmosphere created is formal.
From the second video, the structure is introduction (personal value without addressing), content (some goals), closing (. The language features used in the video is mixing, unclear and needs more understanding. The atmosphere created is a bit humorous.
Although they have different characteristics, they have the same genre in term of purpose, that is political genre.
From those videos, we can conclude that we cannot stick to an idea that a genre of discourse always has the same characteristics. AGAIN, discourse is neither absolutely homogenous nor absolutely heterogeneous.
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Pragmatics presentation chapter five from the book of peter grundy Doing Prag...
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Media Life is a course intended for undergraduate students across campus. Its goal is to make people aware of the role that media play in their everyday life. The key to understanding a "media life" is to see our lives not as lived WITH media (which would lead to a focus on media effects and media-centric theories of society), but rather IN media (where the distinction between what we do with and without media dissolves).
Gee, James Paul
The document provides a biography of James Paul Gee, a linguist known for his work in the New Literacy Studies. It outlines his educational background and career, noting that he helped found the New Literacy Studies field which studies language and literacy in full social and cultural contexts. It also discusses his focus on integrating theories of language, literacy and schooling. Finally, it lists several of his influential books that apply sociocultural theories of language and learning to issues like video games and literacy, discourse analysis, and the implications of "new capitalism" for education.
Speech organs
The document discusses the functions of the speech organs. The active articulator, usually the lower lip or tongue, does most of the movement when producing speech sounds. The passive articulator, such as the upper jaw, teeth, roof of the mouth or pharynx, does little movement and is where the active articulator presses against. The document also mentions that consonant sounds like /l/ are produced through interactions between the active and passive articulators.
English Pronunciation Speech Organs
This document discusses the speech organs and places of articulation involved in producing English consonants. It describes the vocal tract including the lungs, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity. It identifies the key articulators like the lips, teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate, tongue, and glottis. It also discusses consonant types based on airflow and manners of articulation. Diagrams illustrate the vocal tract anatomy and how different consonants are produced.
Corpus Analysis in Corpus linguistics
This document discusses corpus linguistics and methods of corpus analysis. It defines corpus linguistics as the study of language using large samples of authentic texts. It outlines the history of corpus linguistics from early manually created corpora to current large electronically stored corpora. It also discusses different types of annotation that can be applied to corpora, including part-of-speech tagging, syntactic analysis, semantic tagging, and discourse-level annotation. The document contrasts the corpus linguistics approach, which focuses on descriptive adequacy based on empirical data, with the generative grammar approach, which prioritizes explanatory adequacy through abstract principles.
Ideology in the Media
The document discusses key concepts about ideology and how it relates to media. It defines ideology as the set of beliefs or ideas that underpin an institution and influence social relations. Dominant ideologies are those held by ruling or wealthy groups in society and are maintained through hegemony, where the majority accept those values to fit in while minorities stay quiet. The media plays a role in both developing and maintaining dominant ideologies through representations and framing of issues, as well as potentially opposing them by presenting alternatives.
Discourse Analysis Tools Units 1 & 2 – Gee 2014
The document describes 12 discourse analysis tools for analyzing any communication:
1. The Deixis Tool analyzes how context is referenced and assumptions are made.
2. The Fill In Tool identifies what must be inferred from context.
3. The Making Strange Tool adopts an outsider's perspective to identify unclear elements.
Corpus linguistics
Corpus linguistics is the study of language through large collections of real-world texts called corpora. It is empirical, analyzing actual language usage patterns using computers. Corpora come in many types but aim to represent language broadly through balanced samples of different genres. Building a corpus involves collecting, storing, and organizing electronic text samples. Basic analyses of corpora can reveal word frequencies and linguistic patterns through tools like concordances.
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Copy of «stylistic classification of the english vocabulary»
The document discusses the classification of English vocabulary into three main layers - literary, neutral, and colloquial. It examines the subgroups within the literary layer, including terms and learned words, as well as the subgroups in the colloquial layer such as slang, dialects, and vulgar words. The purpose is to analyze how words are differentiated stylistically and the practical importance of understanding these classifications for students, teachers, and translators.
«Stylistic classification of the english vocabulary»
The document discusses the classification of English vocabulary into three main layers - literary, neutral, and colloquial. It analyzes the common literary, common colloquial, and neutral vocabularies, and how they overlap and relate. Special focus is given to terms as a type of specialized literary vocabulary used in scientific works.
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This document provides an introduction and overview of the topic of stylistic classification of the English vocabulary. It begins by establishing that the same proposition can be expressed in different ways depending on the communicative situation. It then outlines the aims of the work, which are to learn about the peculiarities of stylistic differentiation in English vocabulary and to examine different scholars' approaches. The document presents a classification system that divides the English vocabulary into three main layers - literary, neutral, and colloquial - with various subgroups within each layer. It provides examples to illustrate differences between neutral, common literary, and common colloquial words. Finally, it discusses special groups within the literary vocabulary, including terms used in specific disciplines.
Copy of «stylistic classification of the english vocabulary»
This document provides an introduction and overview of the topic of stylistic classification of the English vocabulary. It begins by establishing that the same proposition can be expressed in different ways depending on the communicative situation. It then outlines the aims of the work, which are to learn about the peculiarities of stylistic differentiation in English vocabulary and to examine different scholars' approaches. The document presents a classification system that divides the English vocabulary into three main layers - literary, neutral, and colloquial - with various subgroups within each layer. It provides examples to illustrate the differences between these layers and subgroups. Finally, it discusses some special groups within the literary vocabulary, particularly terms used in scientific works.
«Stylistic classification of the english vocabulary»
This document provides an introduction and overview of the topic of stylistic classification of the English vocabulary. It begins by establishing that the same proposition can be expressed in different ways depending on the communicative situation. It then outlines the aims of the work, which are to learn about the peculiarities of stylistic differentiation in English vocabulary and to examine different scholars' approaches. The document presents a classification system that divides the English vocabulary into three main layers - literary, neutral, and colloquial - with various subgroups within each layer. It provides examples and analysis of how words from these different layers compare and interact with each other stylistically. Special attention is given to terms as a subgroup within the literary vocabulary.
«Stylistic classification of the english vocabulary»
This document provides an introduction and overview of the topic of stylistic classification of the English vocabulary. It begins by establishing that the same proposition can be expressed in different ways depending on the communicative situation. It then outlines the aims of the work, which are to learn about the peculiarities of stylistic differentiation in English vocabulary and to examine different scholars' approaches. The document presents a classification system that divides the English vocabulary into three main layers - literary, neutral, and colloquial - with various subgroups within each layer. It provides examples and analysis of how words from these different layers compare and interact with each other stylistically. Special attention is given to terms as a subgroup within the literary vocabulary.
Discourse analysis ppt
Discourse analysis involves analyzing language in its social context. It analyzes real texts, not artificial ones, and looks at utterances rather than isolated sentences. There are several approaches to discourse analysis, including sociology, ethnography, variation theory, and systemic functional linguistics. Spoken and written discourse differ in aspects like lexical density, grammar use, and repetition of words. Corpus linguistics uses large text databases to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze patterns of language use and variation in discourse. Discourse analysis can inform language pedagogy by helping teachers delineate genres, explain text features, evaluate student performance, and teach discourse structures.
Discourse Analysis presentation by Ali Asghar 011.ppt
Written discourse is more planned and organized than spoken discourse. It uses more complex grammar structures, higher lexical density with more nominalizations and is more explicit and decontextualized. Spoken discourse is less structured and contains more repetition, hesitations and redundancy as it is produced in real time without the opportunity for editing. However, not all spoken discourse is unplanned or ungrammatical, and written language is not always explicit depending on the purpose and type of text.
Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics is the study of language in society and how social factors like age, gender, identity and social networks influence linguistic variation and change. It examines language variation at the phonological, grammatical, lexical and discourse levels between different dialects, idiolects and sociolects. Standard languages are often codified through grammar books and dictionaries, while non-standard dialects are also studied. Sociolinguistic data is collected through naturalistic recordings to minimize the observer's paradox. Models analyze how social mobility and geographical factors drive language loyalty and change over time.
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Discourse analysis focuses on language use beyond words and sentences. It looks at patterns of language across texts and the relationship between language and its social/cultural context. Discourse analysis considers how language presents different views of the world and identities, and how language use is influenced by relationships between participants and affects social identities. It examines both spoken and written texts.
Discourse analysis
Discourse is the study of language in use within different cultural contexts through various disciplines like applied linguistics, sociology, and philosophy. Discourse analysis examines both spoken and written texts to understand the participants in the communication and how context influences language usage. While written discourse relies on logical organization, spoken discourse is more dependent on shared context between speakers and listeners.
Discourse analysis
Discourse is the study of language in use within different cultural contexts through various disciplines like applied linguistics, sociology, and linguistics. Discourse analysis examines both spoken and written texts to understand the participants in the communication like writers, readers, and speakers. Different approaches to discourse analysis include speech act theory, critical discourse analysis, and analyzing the grammatical differences between spoken versus written discourses.
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This document discusses idioms in the English language. It notes that idioms are an important part of mastering English as they go beyond just knowing word definitions to understanding figurative language. Learning idioms is challenging but important as native English speakers use them frequently in conversation. The document then provides definitions of idioms and discusses how they enrich the English language and make it more colorful. It emphasizes that understanding idioms requires grasping their non-literal meanings.
Discourse analysis
Discourse analysis is concerned with studying language use in context above the sentence level. It examines how context and culture influence language. Discourse analysis looks at both spoken and written language to understand how natural discourse is structured, including conversations, stories, and other texts. Models have been developed to analyze the organization of different types of discourse, such as classroom lessons, casual conversations, and written works. Interpreting relationships between parts of texts is an active process for readers.
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This document outlines common daily activities such as waking up, eating breakfast, going to school or work, studying, playing, exercising by running or walking, and having a shower.
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This document discusses factors that influence success in learning a second language, including age, gender, motivation, and learning styles. Younger learners may have an advantage due to brain plasticity, and research shows girls often outperform boys in language learning. Motivation is also crucial and can fluctuate over time, requiring teachers to generate initial motivation, maintain it, and encourage positive reflection. Finally, the document outlines different learning styles such as visual/auditory preferences and levels of extroversion/introversion.
Psycholinguistics
Psycholinguistics is the study of how humans acquire, use, comprehend, and produce language, including in individuals who know more than one language. Researchers try to develop models to describe and predict specific linguistic behaviors of bilingual speakers. Factors that must be considered include incomplete second language knowledge, greater hesitancy and errors in the second language, and traces of the first language. Proposals have been made about how bilinguals keep their languages separate, such as storing words from each language in separate subsets. Language choice is influenced not just by semantics but also by which language matches the preverbal message. Experimental studies have measured response times to images to study language production and infer relative proficiency between a bilingual's first and second
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Second language acquisition refers to the process of learning a second language. There are several theories that attempt to explain how second languages are learned, including Universal Grammar, Monitor Theory, Behaviourism, Cognitive Psychology, Connectionism, the Multidimensional Model, Interactionist Perspectives, and Developmental Sequences. Research shows that instruction can significantly impact the rate of second language learning and long-term accuracy, especially when focused on semantic or lexical errors within communicative interactions.
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Pragmatics studies how social context influences language use and interpretation. It examines how meaning is determined by context, including social relationships between speakers. Pragmatics analyzes ambiguous language, implied meanings, and deictic expressions that depend on context. Understanding pragmatics is important for language teaching, as social context influences what people say and how they interpret messages.
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Vocabulary is defined as a sound, combination of sounds, or written/printed representation that communicates meaning through a single or combination of morphemes. When determining what vocabulary to focus on, educators should consider both the needs of the learners and usefulness of the words. Effective vocabulary learning involves reading, improving context skills, practicing, playing with words, making lists, and taking tests. Deliberate learning using word cards is most effective when words are retrieved rather than recognized, cards are used in appropriately sized groups and spaced repetitions, words are repeated aloud or to one's self, and context is used to avoid interference or serial learning effects. The size of the English vocabulary significantly impacts how the language is taught and the levels of
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Grammar refers to the set of rules for how to speak correctly according to standard English. These rules have exceptions and vary in how consistently they are applied. Formal grammar focuses on forms within the system, while functional grammar examines appropriate language use. Theoretical models also look at grammar as abstract types versus actual usage tokens. Studies of discourse grammar analyze grammatical structures' functional roles in context. Learning grammar involves awareness, reading, focus on aspects, and vocabulary building.
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Applied linguistics involves using knowledge about language to teach, learn, or solve problems related to language. It has traditionally focused on teaching second languages. In the 20th century, behaviorism became a dominant theory in applied linguistics. Later, Hymes added the concept of communicative competence, emphasizing that language involves more than just grammar. Technology has had a major impact on applied linguistics by enabling large-scale language analysis. A sociocultural perspective now recognizes the social and contextual aspects of language.
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Discourse analysis
- 2. What is Discourse Analysis? Life is a constant flow of discourse of language functioning in one of the many contexts that together make up a culture. The study of discourse is absolutely central to the concerns of applied lingistics, and as a language student of language teacher it is very helpful to learn to attend to the different strands of and frequent interruptions.
- 3. Not only is the formality of the vocabulary usually different between spoken and written discourse but the amount of content that the words carry also differs. Spoken discourse typically has a far lower lexical density and it is partly because of this lexical scarcity that some people believe that spoken language ‘lack contents’.
- 4. Turning-taking The basic unit of speech is the indicidual speaker ‘turn. A turn is each occasion that a speaker speaks and a turn ends when another speaker takes a turn. In any ordinar there is hardly any overlap or interruption and only minimal silences between turns if there is any silence at all.
- 5. Variation Theory Variation theory was developed by Labov and has make a major contribution to the analysis of discourse his description of the structure of spoken narratives. Labov argued that the ‘overall structure’of a fully formed narrative of personal experience is: o Abstract o Orientation o Complication o Evaluation o Resolution o Coda
- 6. Critical Discourse Analysis Critical discourse analysis is concerned with the relationship between language, ideology and power and the relationship between discourse and sociolcultural change. This new conception of genre in critical of genre in critical discourse analysis sees genres as both social an textual categories and no longer as fixed an immutable but critical discourse anaylsis are seen not only as a reflection of social reality.
- 7. Courpus Linguistics and Variation in Discourse Corpus linguistics sprang from a desire to be more objective bout language and to free description from subjective intuition. Corpus linguists believe that external evidence, looking at language use, is a better source for description than internal evidence or native speaker intuition.
- 8. Corpus linguistics may be performed in two ways: Quantitative Qualitative