Harvard architecture is a computer architecture that uses separate memory locations for program code and data, unlike von-Neumann architecture which uses a single bus and location for both. The Harvard Mark I, an early electromechanical computer developed at Harvard, ran its first program in 1944. Advantages of Harvard architecture include simultaneous access to code and data, while its disadvantages include complexity and limited usage.

1. HARVARD ARCHITECTURE

2. DEFINITION OF HARVARD ARCHITECTURE
 A computer architecture in which instructions or program code and
data are stored at two different memory locations with each of them
having different bus systems is called Harvard architecture

3. HOW IS IT DIFFERENT FORM VON-
NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE?
 Harvard architecture is a computer architecture with two separate
memory locations for program and data but program code is not
accessible to be read as if it is data
 Von-Neumann architecture has only one bus through which both
program and data has to be passed and are required to be scheduled
when they should pass through that bus system and there is only one
memory location for both of them.

4. HARVARD MARK I
 The IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC),
called Mark I by Harvard University’s staff, was a general
purpose electromechanical computer
 The first program to run on in this computer was initiated by john Von-
Neumann in march, 1944.

5. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 Advantages:
 Since there are two different buses, there is no need of scheduling the
instructions and data like in Von-Neumann architecture
 Harvard architecture allows a simultaneous access to both the code as
well as data
 Disadvantages:
 This architecture is not widely used but modified (variation of Harvard
architecture) Harvard architecture is
 Complexity in architecture

6. SUMMARY
 What Harvard architecture is
 How it is different from Von-Neumann architecture
 Harvard Mark I
 Advantages and disadvantages of Harvard architecture

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