This document provides an overview of embedded systems and the AVR microcontroller. It discusses how embedded systems combine hardware and software to perform tasks like processing and storing data. Examples of embedded systems include those used in biotechnology, telecom, military, automotive, and consumer electronics. It then describes the AVR microcontroller, its features, memory segments, pin descriptions, and how to interface it with hardware using Embedded C. Code examples are provided to blink LEDs and interface with 7-segment displays and LCDs.
Embedded Systems (18EC62) – Embedded System Components (Module 3)Shrishail Bhat
Lecture Slides for Embedded Systems (18EC62) - Embedded System Components (Module 3) for VTU Students
Contents
Embedded Vs General computing system, Classification of Embedded systems, Major applications and purpose of ES. Elements of an Embedded System (Block diagram and explanation), Differences between RISC and CISC, Harvard and Princeton, Big and Little Endian formats, Memory (ROM and RAM types), Sensors, Actuators, Optocoupler, Communication Interfaces (I2C, SPI, IrDA, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee only)
Embedded Systems (18EC62) – Embedded System Components (Module 3)Shrishail Bhat
Lecture Slides for Embedded Systems (18EC62) - Embedded System Components (Module 3) for VTU Students
Contents
Embedded Vs General computing system, Classification of Embedded systems, Major applications and purpose of ES. Elements of an Embedded System (Block diagram and explanation), Differences between RISC and CISC, Harvard and Princeton, Big and Little Endian formats, Memory (ROM and RAM types), Sensors, Actuators, Optocoupler, Communication Interfaces (I2C, SPI, IrDA, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee only)
Presents features of ARM Processors, ARM architecture variants and Processor families. Further presents, ARM v4T architecture, ARM7-TDMI processor: Register organization, pipelining, modes, exception handling, bus architecture, debug architecture and interface signals.
#Learn_and_Compete
by:Eslam Said
Outlines:
▪ What’s Embedded Systems ?
▪ Embedded Systems Applications
▪ Embedded systems Components
▪ The Embedded real time systems
▪ Embedded systems Constraints
▪ Embedded Systems Characteristics
EC8791-Embedded and Real Time Systems #7th Sem ECE #Embedded System Introduction # Embedded System Real Time Examples #Career opportunity in Embedded System Filed #Growth of Embedded System
This Presentation describes the ARM CORTEX M3 core processor with the details of the core peripherals. Soon a CORTEX base controller(STM32F100RBT6) ppt will be uploaded. For more information mail me at:gaurav.iitkg@gmail.com.
Presents features of ARM Processors, ARM architecture variants and Processor families. Further presents, ARM v4T architecture, ARM7-TDMI processor: Register organization, pipelining, modes, exception handling, bus architecture, debug architecture and interface signals.
#Learn_and_Compete
by:Eslam Said
Outlines:
▪ What’s Embedded Systems ?
▪ Embedded Systems Applications
▪ Embedded systems Components
▪ The Embedded real time systems
▪ Embedded systems Constraints
▪ Embedded Systems Characteristics
EC8791-Embedded and Real Time Systems #7th Sem ECE #Embedded System Introduction # Embedded System Real Time Examples #Career opportunity in Embedded System Filed #Growth of Embedded System
This Presentation describes the ARM CORTEX M3 core processor with the details of the core peripherals. Soon a CORTEX base controller(STM32F100RBT6) ppt will be uploaded. For more information mail me at:gaurav.iitkg@gmail.com.
An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints.
It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today.
Ninety-eight percent of all microprocessors are manufactured as components of embedded systems.
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online.
An introduction to Arduino micro-controller platform and C programming meant for the board. Introduction to debugging and hardware specification and limitations of the board.
By the end of this presentation you will be able to tell :
1. What is Arduino ?
2. Languages Supporting Arduino
3.Difference between microprocessor and microcontroller ?
4. Various different Arduino Boards
5. Arduino UNO R3 DataSheet
6. Parts and Functions of Arduino UNO R3 Board
7. Variables, functions and libraries used in Arduino board
8. Arduino Code: Blink Example
9. Applications of Arduino in real life
10. Simulators used for Arduino coding
Goals of a well designed inverter,Application,Types of power conveter,Introduction to inverters,Properties of an ideal inverter, Block diagram of an inverter ,Pulse Width Modulation,Inverter operation
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
4. DEPARTMENT OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
• An Embedded system is a combination of computer hardware and software which is designed to
perform many operations such as to access the data, process the data, store the data and also
control the data in electronics based systems. In embedded systems, software commonly known as
firmware Basically embedded systems are task specific devices
• Embedded system is defined as a way of working, organizing, performing single or multiple tasks
according to a set of rules
• Hence it covers all the industries like
- BIOTECHNOLOGY
-TELECOME
- MILTARY
- AUTOMOBIEL
- CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
7. INTRODUCTION
• ATmega8 is a 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR RISC
architecture
• By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the
ATmega8 achieves throughput approaching 1 MIPS per MHz
• Instruction in program memory are executed with single level
pipelining
• This concept enables instructions to be executed in every clock
cycle
8. FEATURES
• High-performance 8 bit Microcontroller
• 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers
• Six ADC channels in PDIP package
• Internal Calibrated Oscillator
9. MEMORY SEGMENTS
• 8K Bytes of Flash program memory
• 512 Bytes EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read
Only Memory)
• 1K Byte Internal RAM (Random Access Memory)
• Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM
• Data retention: 20 years at 85°C/100 years at 25°C
10. TYPES OF PACKAGES
• 28-pin PDIP (Plastic Dual In-line Package)
opaque molded plastic pressed around a tin-,
silver-, or gold-plated lead frame that supports the
device die and provides connection pins.
• 32-pin TQFP (Thin Quad film Package)
For easy soldering
12. PIN DESCRIPTION
• VCC Digital supply voltage
• GND Ground
• RESET A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum
pulse length will generate a reset, even if the clock is not
running
• AREF The analog reference pin for the A/D Converter
• AVCC The supply voltage pin for the A/D Converter
13. • Three ports i.e PortB, PortC, PortD -General Purpose 8 Bit
bidirectional I/O
• Three registers associated with every port
DDRx – Data Direction Register
PINx – Port input
PORTx- Port output
*Note – ‘x’ is subscript and could be either of B, C, D
PORTS
14. PORT B (PB7..PB0)
• Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port
• Can be used either as a input port or as output port ( direction
must be specified in programming)
16. USING EMBEDDED C
• Embedded C is nothing but a subset of C language which is
compatible with certain microcontrollers.
• Some features are added using header files like <avr/io.h>,
<util/delay.h>.
• scanf() and printf() are removed as the inputs are scanned from
the sensors and outputs are given to the ports.
• Control structures remain the same like if-statement, for loop,
do-while etc.
Programming Microcontroller
17. SOFTWARE’S USED:
AVR STUDIO 4.0
AVR studio is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) by ATMEL for
developing applications based on 8-bit AVR microcontroller
PROTEUS 7 DESIGN SUITE
• this software helps programmers in hardware implementations.
• It provides a huge number of electronic components and
• REAL TIME ANOMATONS of the hardware designs.
• This is the perfect tool for engineers to test their microcontroller designs Before constructing a
physical prototype in real time
18. HOW TO WORK AT AVR STUDIO
Step1. Start AVR Studio on your
workstation. Select "New Project".
Type is "AVR-GCC". Project name:
"MyFirstProject". Check off the
"create folder" box. Modify the
location if desired.
Step2. Click "Next".
21. CONTD…
.
Step5.Write the following
code into the window in the
middle of the screen (the
window for My FirstProject.c):
This is a quick and dirty way to turn both
LEDs on.
This code tells all of Port B to become
outputs by writing 0xFF (binary 1111 1111)
to DDRB which is the data direction register
for port B.
22. Step 6.Compile the code with "Build -> Build" from the menu, or
the F7 shortcut for "Build". The bottom window will show the
progress and results. You should see "Build succeeded with 0
warnings.
If there is an error, check your code for typos. The error message should give
you the offending line number
A successful compile will result in a .hex file being generated. This is the
binary code in a format ready to be burned into your AVR chip by the
programmer. (Think of the .hex file as a program that the target AVR chip can
run once we put it on there, sort of like writing to a memory card.)
You should be able to locate MyFirstProject.hex in your project dir. For me, it
was in "AVRsrcMyFirstProjectdefault".
23. CONTD….
Step 7. Now let's debug the code in the simulator to get a feel for
how it works.
Use "Build -> Build and Run" from the menu, or use the CTRL-F7
shortcut.
Note the following:
We have a yellow arrow at the current execution.
We have some debugging keys at the top (we want STOP and STEP INTO now).
We have "AVR SIMULATOR" at the bottom which is no longer greyed out.
Now click on the right pane on PORTB so we can look at it in the "I/O View". The bottom
right window will populate with DDRB, PINB, and PORTB. These represent some states of the
simulator's virtual ATTINY45 hardware.
24. CONTD…
Step 8. Step through the program line by line with "STEP INTO
(F11)" button.
Notice DDRB (direction of pins for PORTB: input or output) changes on
the bottom right after "DDRB = 0xff" is executed.
Step 9. Step again and notice that PORTB becomes set to 0xff (all
logical 1 output) when "PORTB = 0xff" is executed.
We are now at the end of the program. Click "STOP DEBUGGING" (the
blue square button on the menu bar ) or CTRL-SHIFT-F5 to stop the
debugger and chip simulator and return to the coding view.