The document discusses the Hardy-Weinberg principle of population genetics. It states that the frequency of alleles in a population will remain constant over generations if the population is large, randomly mating, and not subject to mutations, gene flow, or selection pressures. It provides an example using cat coat color alleles to demonstrate calculating genotype frequencies based on observed phenotypes and applying the Hardy-Weinberg equations. Factors that can disrupt Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and cause allele frequencies to change are also noted, including mutation, migration, natural selection, and genetic drift.
According to Hardy (England,1908) and Weinberg (Germany,1909), gene and genotype frequency of a Mendelian population remain constant generation after generation unless there is selection,mutation,migration or random drift.
According to Hardy (England,1908) and Weinberg (Germany,1909), gene and genotype frequency of a Mendelian population remain constant generation after generation unless there is selection,mutation,migration or random drift.
It is the fundamental law of population genetics and provides the basis for studying Mendelian populations ( Mendelian population: A group of sexually inbreeding organisms living within a circumscribed area). It describes populations that are not evolving.
Introduction :
Mendel and subsequent workers assumed that a character was governed by a single gene.
But it was later discovered that many characters in almost all the organisms are governed by two or more genes. Such gene affect the development of concerned characters in various ways.
The phenomenon of two or more gene affecting the expression of each other in various ways in the development of a single character of on organism is known as gene interaction.
It is the fundamental law of population genetics and provides the basis for studying Mendelian populations ( Mendelian population: A group of sexually inbreeding organisms living within a circumscribed area). It describes populations that are not evolving.
Introduction :
Mendel and subsequent workers assumed that a character was governed by a single gene.
But it was later discovered that many characters in almost all the organisms are governed by two or more genes. Such gene affect the development of concerned characters in various ways.
The phenomenon of two or more gene affecting the expression of each other in various ways in the development of a single character of on organism is known as gene interaction.
Fluoresence In Situ Hybridization Workflow Solution - Xmatrix NANO AutomationBioGenex
BioGenex eFISHiency system is the only integrated FISH workflow solution in the market offering an affordable, yet fast and accurate FISH automation. This system reduces hands-on processing time to less than 30 minutes, has the ability to run up to 10 different FISH protocols simultaneously and provides validated reagents and protocols for optimal results.
HARDY –WEINBERG’S GROP SIX-1-1_113253.pptxStephenmukyolo
The Hardy- Weinberg principal is one of the recommended attributes used to calculate the gene frequency by scientists.
#groupsix
#stevemuky
#makerereuniversity
This is a very interesting topic in Population Genetics. A mathematics and biology combo of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is explained. The history, derivation, condition, merits and demerits of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is explained. Hope you all enjoy!!!!
Hardy Weinberg law
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium with Solved Questions|CSIR NET|Life Sciences|GATE|JRF|ICMR|
Video link: https://youtu.be/CUKGoxpptM8
Hardy Weinberg Law along with the assumptions the law is based on. Calculation of allelic and genotypic frequencies. Application of Hardy Weinberg law to different cases viz Multiple alleles, Polyploidy, Inbreeding and X-linked + Questions are discussed.
Which of the following would be sufficient for the Hardy-Weinberg equ.pdfarihantcomp1008
Which of the following would be sufficient for the Hardy-Weinberg equation to accurately
predict genotype frequencies from allele frequencies? p + q = 1 the population is not evolving
due to natural selection. the population is not evolving due to any of the conditions that disrupt
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. the population is infinitely large. in a village, if the proportion of
individuals who have sickle-cell disease is 0.10, and the population is assumed to be at Hardy-
Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected frequency of the HbS allele? 0.32 0.18 0.90 0.01 in a
village where the proportion of individuals who are susceptible to malaria (genotype HbA/HbA)
is 0.31, and the population is assumed to be at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what proportion of
the population should be heterozygous HbA/HbS?
Solution
Ans. 5.5. Correct option- C
Option A. Incorrect. A population NOT at Hardy-Weinberg (HW) equilibrium also has p + q= 1.
Since the frequencies p, and q are calculated considering their relative abundance, their sum of
always 1.0. However, the value of p and q changes over generations when population is
evolving. The value of p and q remains constant over generations if the population is at HW
equilibrium.
Option B. Incorrect. Factors other than natural selection, like genetic drift, bottle-neck effect, etc.
also disrupt HW equilibrium. So, even if natural selection does not occur, the population may
evolve through genetic drift, etc.
Option C. Correct. HW equation holds true when no factor causes evolution of the population.
Option D. Incorrect. HW equation holds true when no factor causes evolution of the population.
Being a large population do not exclude the possibilities of evolution.
Ans. 5.6.
Normal, dominant allele = HbA
Mutant, recessive allele = Hbs
Normal, homozygous genotype = HbA HbA - susceptible to malaria
Normal, heterozygous genotype = HbA Hbs - it is a carrier, but unaffected by disease
Recessive, affected genotype = Hbs Hbs - affected with sickle-cell disease
Now,
Hardy- Weinberg Equation for 2 allele system (for a population at HW equilibrium)
p + q = 1 - equation 1
(p + q)2 = p2 + q2 + 2pq = 1 - equation 2
Where,
p = allelic frequency of dominant allele HbA
q = allelic frequency of recessive allele HbS
p2 = genotypic frequency of HbA HbA
q2 = genotypic frequency of Hbs Hbs
2pq = genotypic frequency of HbA Hbs
Given,
Frequency of Hbs Hbsindividuals = q2 = 0.10
Or, q2 = 0.10
Or, q = (0.10)1/2 = 0.316 = 0.32 ; [Note: (0.10)1/2 is under root (.010)]
Hence, frequency of allele HbS = q = 0.32
Correct option. A.
Ans. 5.7
Given,
Frequency of HbA HbAindividuals = p2 = 0.31
Or, p = (0.31)1/2 = 0.55677
Hence, frequency of HbA allele = 0.55677
Putting the value of p in equation 1-
p + q = 1
or, q = 1 – 0.55677 = 0.44323
Hence, q = 0.44323
Now,
Frequency of the heterozygotes (HbA Hbs) = 2 pq = 2 x (0.55677) x (0.44323) = 0.493
Hence, frequency of heterozygotes = 0.493
% of heterozygotes = 49.3 %.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and Grafana
Hardy weinberg
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Population of cats n=100 16 white and 84 black bb = white B_ = black Can we figure out the allelic frequencies of individuals BB and Bb?
![Population Genetics ,[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hardy-weinberg-110708112845-phpapp02/85/Hardy-weinberg-1-320.jpg)
![A. The Hardy-Weinberg Principle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)