Half adder and full adder | Digital electronics | engineering
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•422 views
A half adder and full adder are types of adders used in digital circuits. A half adder adds two binary digits and produces a sum and carry output. It uses two logic gates. A full adder adds three binary digits - two input bits and a carry input - and produces a sum and carry output. It can be implemented using two cascaded half adders and an OR gate. The main difference is that a full adder has three inputs and two outputs, allowing multiple full adders to be chained together to add more bits, while a half adder only adds two bits.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Half adder & full adder
Group members for the project are Falah Hassan, Maidah Malik, and Maria Khan. The document discusses half adders and full adders. A half adder adds two binary digits and produces a sum and carry output. It is built from two logic gates. A full adder accepts two input bits and a carry input, and produces a sum and carry output. It is implemented using two half adders joined by an OR gate. The main difference between a half adder and full adder is that a full adder has three inputs and two outputs, allowing multiple adders to be chained to add more bits.
boolean algebra and logic simplification
The document provides an overview of Boolean algebra and logic simplification. It covers topics such as Boolean variables that can take true/false or 1/0 values, basic logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND and NOR gates, canonical forms including sum-of-products and product-of-sums, De Morgan's laws, and examples of simplifying Boolean expressions and implementing logic circuits.
Subtractor (1)
This document discusses digital subtractors. It defines a subtractor as an electronic logic circuit that calculates the difference between two binary numbers. There are two main types: half subtractors and full subtractors. A half subtractor is used for single bit subtraction and has two inputs, two outputs, and a truth table. A full subtractor can subtract three single bit numbers, with three inputs and two outputs defined by its truth table. Parallel binary subtractors are built by cascading multiple full subtractors to subtract larger binary numbers. Subtractors have applications in signal processing, arithmetic logic units, address calculation, and more.
Laws of boolean algebra
The document discusses Boolean algebra laws, which are used to simplify Boolean expressions. It outlines several important laws including:
1) Identity laws - A variable combined with 1 or 0 is equal to itself
2) Annulment laws - A variable combined with 0 under AND or 1 under OR is always equal to 0 or 1, respectively
3) Idempotent laws - A variable combined with itself under AND or OR is equal to itself
4) Complement laws - A variable combined with its complement under AND or OR is always equal to 0 or 1, respectively
5) De Morgan's laws - Allow transforming expressions containing negation, AND, and OR operations.
Combinational Circuits & Sequential Circuits
This document discusses and compares combinational and sequential circuits. It provides examples of common combinational circuits like half adders, full adders, decoders, and multiplexers. It also discusses sequential circuits elements like flip flops and shift registers. The document then focuses on adders in more detail, explaining half adders, full adders, and ripple carry adders through diagrams and examples.
Encoder & Decoder
This document discusses decoders and encoders. It defines a decoder as a circuit that accepts a binary input and activates only one output corresponding to the input. An encoder is the inverse, converting an active input to a coded output. Various types of decoders and encoders are described, including 2-to-4 decoders, 3-to-8 decoders, priority encoders, decimal-to-BCD encoders, and octal-to-binary encoders. Truth tables and logic diagrams are provided as examples. Expansion of decoders using multiple lower-order decoders is also covered.
Subtractor
The document discusses binary subtraction and different types of binary subtractors. It describes half subtractors and full subtractors. A half subtractor is a basic circuit that can subtract two binary bits and outputs the difference and borrow. A full subtractor can subtract three bits by also considering the borrow from the previous stage. Truth tables and K-maps are used to derive the logic equations for difference and borrow outputs. Full subtractors are realized using basic gates by complementing one input to convert a full adder circuit into a full subtractor.
Combinational circuits
The document discusses digital circuits including combinational and sequential circuits. It describes various combinational logic circuits such as half adders, full adders, comparators, multiplexers, encoders, decoders. It also discusses sequential circuits and how they employ memory elements. Arithmetic circuits, binary adders, subtractors, and BCD to 7-segment decoders are explained in detail through diagrams and examples.
Recommended
Half adder & full adder
Group members for the project are Falah Hassan, Maidah Malik, and Maria Khan. The document discusses half adders and full adders. A half adder adds two binary digits and produces a sum and carry output. It is built from two logic gates. A full adder accepts two input bits and a carry input, and produces a sum and carry output. It is implemented using two half adders joined by an OR gate. The main difference between a half adder and full adder is that a full adder has three inputs and two outputs, allowing multiple adders to be chained to add more bits.
boolean algebra and logic simplification
The document provides an overview of Boolean algebra and logic simplification. It covers topics such as Boolean variables that can take true/false or 1/0 values, basic logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND and NOR gates, canonical forms including sum-of-products and product-of-sums, De Morgan's laws, and examples of simplifying Boolean expressions and implementing logic circuits.
Subtractor (1)
This document discusses digital subtractors. It defines a subtractor as an electronic logic circuit that calculates the difference between two binary numbers. There are two main types: half subtractors and full subtractors. A half subtractor is used for single bit subtraction and has two inputs, two outputs, and a truth table. A full subtractor can subtract three single bit numbers, with three inputs and two outputs defined by its truth table. Parallel binary subtractors are built by cascading multiple full subtractors to subtract larger binary numbers. Subtractors have applications in signal processing, arithmetic logic units, address calculation, and more.
Laws of boolean algebra
The document discusses Boolean algebra laws, which are used to simplify Boolean expressions. It outlines several important laws including:
1) Identity laws - A variable combined with 1 or 0 is equal to itself
2) Annulment laws - A variable combined with 0 under AND or 1 under OR is always equal to 0 or 1, respectively
3) Idempotent laws - A variable combined with itself under AND or OR is equal to itself
4) Complement laws - A variable combined with its complement under AND or OR is always equal to 0 or 1, respectively
5) De Morgan's laws - Allow transforming expressions containing negation, AND, and OR operations.
Combinational Circuits & Sequential Circuits
This document discusses and compares combinational and sequential circuits. It provides examples of common combinational circuits like half adders, full adders, decoders, and multiplexers. It also discusses sequential circuits elements like flip flops and shift registers. The document then focuses on adders in more detail, explaining half adders, full adders, and ripple carry adders through diagrams and examples.
Encoder & Decoder
This document discusses decoders and encoders. It defines a decoder as a circuit that accepts a binary input and activates only one output corresponding to the input. An encoder is the inverse, converting an active input to a coded output. Various types of decoders and encoders are described, including 2-to-4 decoders, 3-to-8 decoders, priority encoders, decimal-to-BCD encoders, and octal-to-binary encoders. Truth tables and logic diagrams are provided as examples. Expansion of decoders using multiple lower-order decoders is also covered.
Subtractor
The document discusses binary subtraction and different types of binary subtractors. It describes half subtractors and full subtractors. A half subtractor is a basic circuit that can subtract two binary bits and outputs the difference and borrow. A full subtractor can subtract three bits by also considering the borrow from the previous stage. Truth tables and K-maps are used to derive the logic equations for difference and borrow outputs. Full subtractors are realized using basic gates by complementing one input to convert a full adder circuit into a full subtractor.
Combinational circuits
The document discusses digital circuits including combinational and sequential circuits. It describes various combinational logic circuits such as half adders, full adders, comparators, multiplexers, encoders, decoders. It also discusses sequential circuits and how they employ memory elements. Arithmetic circuits, binary adders, subtractors, and BCD to 7-segment decoders are explained in detail through diagrams and examples.
Basic theorems and properties of boolean algebra
The document discusses Boolean algebra laws and theorems that are used to simplify Boolean expressions and logic. Some of the key laws and theorems covered include the associative, distributive, commutative, absorption, and duality laws. De Morgan's theorems are also explained, which relate to taking the complement of a sum or product of variables. Truth tables are used to demonstrate De Morgan's theorems. The overall purpose is to provide some of the fundamental laws and theorems of Boolean algebra that can be applied to simplify logical expressions.
Parity Generator and Parity Checker
This document discusses parity generators and checkers, which are used to detect errors in digital data transmission. It explains that a parity generator adds an extra parity bit to binary data to make the total number of 1s either even or odd. This allows a parity checker circuit at the receiver to detect errors if the number of 1s is the wrong parity. It provides truth tables and logic diagrams for 3-bit even and odd parity generators and an even parity checker. The boolean expressions for the parity generator and checker circuits are also derived.
Combinational circuits
This document discusses combinational logic circuits such as adders, subtractors, multipliers, decoders, and multiplexers. It provides circuit diagrams and truth tables for half adders, full adders, half subtractors, full subtractors, decoders, and multiplexers. It also describes how to build binary adders and subtractors using these basic components and how multiplication of binary numbers is performed.
Half adder and full adder
In electronics, an adder is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers.
In modern computers and other kinds of processors, adders are used in the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), but also in other parts of the processor, where they are used to calculate addresses, table indices, and similar operations.
Digital Electronics- Number systems & codes
This document covers number systems including decimal, binary, hexadecimal and their representations. It discusses how to convert between different number bases including binary to decimal and hexadecimal to decimal. Binary operations like addition, subtraction and codes like binary coded decimal are explained. Non-weighted codes such as gray code are also introduced. Reference books on digital electronics and number systems are provided.
Adder Presentation
This document discusses half adders and full adders used in digital circuits. A half adder accepts two binary digits as input and produces a sum and carry bit as output using one XOR and one AND gate. A full adder accepts three inputs - two bits to be added and a carry in bit - and produces a sum and carry out bit using two half adders and an OR gate. The main difference between them is that a full adder can add three bits while a half adder can only add two bits.
Boolean algebra And Logic Gates
1. Boolean algebra is a mathematical system used to specify and transform logic functions. It uses binary variables that take on values of 1 or 0 and logical operators like AND, OR, and NOT.
2. Logic gates implement logic functions physically using electronic components. Common gates are AND, OR, and NOT. Gates have a small but nonzero delay between input change and output change.
3. Boolean expressions can be represented using truth tables, logic diagrams, or algebraic expressions. Standard forms include sum-of-minterms and product-of-maxterms forms.
3.codes( binary code ,excess 3, gray code )
This document discusses different types of codes used to encode information for transmission and storage. It begins by explaining that encoding is required to send information unambiguously over long distances and that decoding is needed to retrieve the original information. It then provides reasons for using coding, such as increasing transmission efficiency and enabling error correction. The document proceeds to describe binary coding and how increasing the number of bits allows more items to be uniquely represented. It also discusses properties of good codes like ease of use and error detection. Specific code types are then outlined, including binary coded decimal codes, unit distance codes, error detection codes, and alphanumeric codes. Gray code and excess-3 code are explained as examples.
Logic gates and NAND and NOR univarsal gates
This ppt contain all logic gates and NAND and NOR universal gates with their truth table useful for all students.
Transistor configurations
This document discusses various transistor configurations and their characteristics. It begins with a quote by Albert Einstein. It then discusses the common-base, common-emitter, and common-collector configurations. For each configuration, it describes the input and output characteristics, showing how the input and output currents and voltages relate. It notes that the common-emitter configuration is most commonly used and describes how to properly bias a common-emitter amplifier. The document also briefly discusses the early effect in transistors.
basic logic gates
This document describes basic logic gates and their functions. It explains that an AND gate outputs 1 only when all inputs are 1, while an OR gate outputs 1 if any input is 1. A NOT gate inverts the input, and a NAND gate outputs 1 when any input is 0. A NOR gate only outputs 1 when all inputs are 0, and an XOR gate outputs 1 when the inputs are different.
adder and subtractor
1) The document discusses binary adders and subtractors, including half adders, full adders, and full subtractors. It provides truth tables and logic diagrams for each circuit.
2) A half adder adds two bits and produces a sum and carry output. A full adder adds three bits by taking two input bits and a carry bit as input.
3) A half subtractor and full subtractor are also discussed, which take inputs of minuend, subtrahend, and optionally a carry bit, and produce a difference and borrow output. Truth tables and logic diagrams are provided for the subtractor circuits.
KARNAUGH MAP(K-MAP)
The document discusses Karnaugh maps (K-maps), which are a tool for representing and simplifying Boolean functions with up to six variables. K-maps arrange the variables in a grid according to their binary values. Adjacent cells that differ in only one variable can be combined to simplify the function by eliminating that variable. The document provides examples of using K-maps to minimize Boolean functions in sum of products and product of sums form. It also discusses techniques like combining cells into the largest groups possible and handling don't-care conditions to further simplify expressions.
Boolean Algebra
- Boolean algebra uses binary values (1/0) to represent true/false in digital circuits.
- The basic Boolean operations are AND, OR, and NOT. Truth tables and Boolean expressions can both be used to represent the functions of circuits.
- Boolean expressions can be simplified using algebraic rules like commutative, distributive, DeMorgan's, and absorption laws. This allows simpler circuit implementations.
Logic Gates
Logic gates are elementary building blocks of digital circuits that have inputs and outputs representing binary digits 0 and 1. There are several basic types of logic gates including AND, OR, NOT, XOR, NAND, NOR, and XNOR gates. Each gate functions according to specific rules - for example, an AND gate only outputs 1 if all its inputs are 1, while a NAND gate produces the opposite output of an AND gate. Logic gates are used in various electronic devices and circuits.
Logic families
This document discusses different logic families including Resistor Transistor Logic (RTL), Diode Transistor Logic (DTL), Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL), and Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL). It provides circuit diagrams and explanations of the working principles for each logic family. Key characteristics like fan-in, fan-out, propagation delay, noise immunity, and power dissipation are compared for each logic family.
Bcd
This document discusses binary coded decimal (BCD). It defines BCD as a numerical code that assigns a 4-bit binary code to each decimal digit from 0 to 9. Numbers larger than 9 are expressed digit by digit in BCD. BCD is used because it is easy to encode/decode decimals and useful for digital systems that display decimal outputs. The document also describes how addition and subtraction are performed in BCD through binary addition rules and handling carries.
Decoders
This document discusses decoders, which are circuits that take a binary input and activate one of multiple outputs. It provides examples of 2-to-4 and 3-to-8 decoders and their truth tables. Decoders are constructed using AND gates, with the number of gates equal to the number of outputs. Larger decoders can be built in parallel, balanced, or tree configurations, with balanced decoders requiring the fewest components.
Simplification of Boolean Functions
This document discusses simplifying Boolean functions and provides steps to do so. It lists three steps but does not provide details on the steps. The document concludes by thanking the reader.
Adders(half aders and full adder with explanation , truth table and circuit d...
This ppt describes the addders and its types with explanation by circuit diagram , truth tables , expressions and citing their differneces.
Half Adder & Full Adder
- A half adder adds two 1-bit binary numbers and produces a sum and carry output. It uses one XOR and one AND gate. The full adder adds three 1-bit binary numbers (two inputs and a carry input) and produces a sum and carry output. It is made up of two half adders joined by an OR gate.
- The key difference between a half adder and full adder is that a full adder has a third input for the carry input from the previous addition, while a half adder only has two inputs and is used as a basic building block for full adders. A full adder allows adding multi-bit binary numbers by chaining full adders together and
Adder and subtrctor DLD
An adder is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers. There are two main types of adders: half adders and full adders. A half adder accepts two binary digits as input and produces a sum and carry bit as output. A full adder accepts two input bits and an input carry, and generates a sum output and output carry. Full adders are used to build adders that can add more than two bits by chaining multiple full adders together. Subtractors operate on similar principles to adders but use an inverted input to perform subtraction.
More Related Content
What's hot
Basic theorems and properties of boolean algebra
The document discusses Boolean algebra laws and theorems that are used to simplify Boolean expressions and logic. Some of the key laws and theorems covered include the associative, distributive, commutative, absorption, and duality laws. De Morgan's theorems are also explained, which relate to taking the complement of a sum or product of variables. Truth tables are used to demonstrate De Morgan's theorems. The overall purpose is to provide some of the fundamental laws and theorems of Boolean algebra that can be applied to simplify logical expressions.
Parity Generator and Parity Checker
This document discusses parity generators and checkers, which are used to detect errors in digital data transmission. It explains that a parity generator adds an extra parity bit to binary data to make the total number of 1s either even or odd. This allows a parity checker circuit at the receiver to detect errors if the number of 1s is the wrong parity. It provides truth tables and logic diagrams for 3-bit even and odd parity generators and an even parity checker. The boolean expressions for the parity generator and checker circuits are also derived.
Combinational circuits
This document discusses combinational logic circuits such as adders, subtractors, multipliers, decoders, and multiplexers. It provides circuit diagrams and truth tables for half adders, full adders, half subtractors, full subtractors, decoders, and multiplexers. It also describes how to build binary adders and subtractors using these basic components and how multiplication of binary numbers is performed.
Half adder and full adder
In electronics, an adder is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers.
In modern computers and other kinds of processors, adders are used in the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), but also in other parts of the processor, where they are used to calculate addresses, table indices, and similar operations.
Digital Electronics- Number systems & codes
This document covers number systems including decimal, binary, hexadecimal and their representations. It discusses how to convert between different number bases including binary to decimal and hexadecimal to decimal. Binary operations like addition, subtraction and codes like binary coded decimal are explained. Non-weighted codes such as gray code are also introduced. Reference books on digital electronics and number systems are provided.
Adder Presentation
This document discusses half adders and full adders used in digital circuits. A half adder accepts two binary digits as input and produces a sum and carry bit as output using one XOR and one AND gate. A full adder accepts three inputs - two bits to be added and a carry in bit - and produces a sum and carry out bit using two half adders and an OR gate. The main difference between them is that a full adder can add three bits while a half adder can only add two bits.
Boolean algebra And Logic Gates
1. Boolean algebra is a mathematical system used to specify and transform logic functions. It uses binary variables that take on values of 1 or 0 and logical operators like AND, OR, and NOT.
2. Logic gates implement logic functions physically using electronic components. Common gates are AND, OR, and NOT. Gates have a small but nonzero delay between input change and output change.
3. Boolean expressions can be represented using truth tables, logic diagrams, or algebraic expressions. Standard forms include sum-of-minterms and product-of-maxterms forms.
3.codes( binary code ,excess 3, gray code )
This document discusses different types of codes used to encode information for transmission and storage. It begins by explaining that encoding is required to send information unambiguously over long distances and that decoding is needed to retrieve the original information. It then provides reasons for using coding, such as increasing transmission efficiency and enabling error correction. The document proceeds to describe binary coding and how increasing the number of bits allows more items to be uniquely represented. It also discusses properties of good codes like ease of use and error detection. Specific code types are then outlined, including binary coded decimal codes, unit distance codes, error detection codes, and alphanumeric codes. Gray code and excess-3 code are explained as examples.
Logic gates and NAND and NOR univarsal gates
This ppt contain all logic gates and NAND and NOR universal gates with their truth table useful for all students.
Transistor configurations
This document discusses various transistor configurations and their characteristics. It begins with a quote by Albert Einstein. It then discusses the common-base, common-emitter, and common-collector configurations. For each configuration, it describes the input and output characteristics, showing how the input and output currents and voltages relate. It notes that the common-emitter configuration is most commonly used and describes how to properly bias a common-emitter amplifier. The document also briefly discusses the early effect in transistors.
basic logic gates
This document describes basic logic gates and their functions. It explains that an AND gate outputs 1 only when all inputs are 1, while an OR gate outputs 1 if any input is 1. A NOT gate inverts the input, and a NAND gate outputs 1 when any input is 0. A NOR gate only outputs 1 when all inputs are 0, and an XOR gate outputs 1 when the inputs are different.
adder and subtractor
1) The document discusses binary adders and subtractors, including half adders, full adders, and full subtractors. It provides truth tables and logic diagrams for each circuit.
2) A half adder adds two bits and produces a sum and carry output. A full adder adds three bits by taking two input bits and a carry bit as input.
3) A half subtractor and full subtractor are also discussed, which take inputs of minuend, subtrahend, and optionally a carry bit, and produce a difference and borrow output. Truth tables and logic diagrams are provided for the subtractor circuits.
KARNAUGH MAP(K-MAP)
The document discusses Karnaugh maps (K-maps), which are a tool for representing and simplifying Boolean functions with up to six variables. K-maps arrange the variables in a grid according to their binary values. Adjacent cells that differ in only one variable can be combined to simplify the function by eliminating that variable. The document provides examples of using K-maps to minimize Boolean functions in sum of products and product of sums form. It also discusses techniques like combining cells into the largest groups possible and handling don't-care conditions to further simplify expressions.
Boolean Algebra
- Boolean algebra uses binary values (1/0) to represent true/false in digital circuits.
- The basic Boolean operations are AND, OR, and NOT. Truth tables and Boolean expressions can both be used to represent the functions of circuits.
- Boolean expressions can be simplified using algebraic rules like commutative, distributive, DeMorgan's, and absorption laws. This allows simpler circuit implementations.
Logic Gates
Logic gates are elementary building blocks of digital circuits that have inputs and outputs representing binary digits 0 and 1. There are several basic types of logic gates including AND, OR, NOT, XOR, NAND, NOR, and XNOR gates. Each gate functions according to specific rules - for example, an AND gate only outputs 1 if all its inputs are 1, while a NAND gate produces the opposite output of an AND gate. Logic gates are used in various electronic devices and circuits.
Logic families
This document discusses different logic families including Resistor Transistor Logic (RTL), Diode Transistor Logic (DTL), Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL), and Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL). It provides circuit diagrams and explanations of the working principles for each logic family. Key characteristics like fan-in, fan-out, propagation delay, noise immunity, and power dissipation are compared for each logic family.
Bcd
This document discusses binary coded decimal (BCD). It defines BCD as a numerical code that assigns a 4-bit binary code to each decimal digit from 0 to 9. Numbers larger than 9 are expressed digit by digit in BCD. BCD is used because it is easy to encode/decode decimals and useful for digital systems that display decimal outputs. The document also describes how addition and subtraction are performed in BCD through binary addition rules and handling carries.
Decoders
This document discusses decoders, which are circuits that take a binary input and activate one of multiple outputs. It provides examples of 2-to-4 and 3-to-8 decoders and their truth tables. Decoders are constructed using AND gates, with the number of gates equal to the number of outputs. Larger decoders can be built in parallel, balanced, or tree configurations, with balanced decoders requiring the fewest components.
Simplification of Boolean Functions
This document discusses simplifying Boolean functions and provides steps to do so. It lists three steps but does not provide details on the steps. The document concludes by thanking the reader.
Adders(half aders and full adder with explanation , truth table and circuit d...
This ppt describes the addders and its types with explanation by circuit diagram , truth tables , expressions and citing their differneces.
What's hot (20)
Adders(half aders and full adder with explanation , truth table and circuit d...
Adders(half aders and full adder with explanation , truth table and circuit d...
Similar to Half adder and full adder | Digital electronics | engineering
Half Adder & Full Adder
- A half adder adds two 1-bit binary numbers and produces a sum and carry output. It uses one XOR and one AND gate. The full adder adds three 1-bit binary numbers (two inputs and a carry input) and produces a sum and carry output. It is made up of two half adders joined by an OR gate.
- The key difference between a half adder and full adder is that a full adder has a third input for the carry input from the previous addition, while a half adder only has two inputs and is used as a basic building block for full adders. A full adder allows adding multi-bit binary numbers by chaining full adders together and
Adder and subtrctor DLD
An adder is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers. There are two main types of adders: half adders and full adders. A half adder accepts two binary digits as input and produces a sum and carry bit as output. A full adder accepts two input bits and an input carry, and generates a sum output and output carry. Full adders are used to build adders that can add more than two bits by chaining multiple full adders together. Subtractors operate on similar principles to adders but use an inverted input to perform subtraction.
Lecturer mid.ppt
The document discusses binary arithmetic and logic gates. It describes half adders, full adders, half subtractors, and full subtractors. A half adder adds two binary digits and outputs a sum and carry bit. A full adder adds three binary digits and outputs a sum and carry bit. A half subtractor subtracts one binary digit from another and outputs a difference and borrow bit. A full subtractor subtracts three binary digits and outputs a difference and borrow bit. Boolean expressions and logic circuits are provided for each.
Adder Basic
An adder is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers. Adders are commonly used in arithmetic logic units of computers and other processors. A half adder is a basic digital circuit that performs addition of two binary digits and outputs their sum and carry. It incorporates an XOR gate to generate the sum and an AND gate to generate the carry. A limitation of half adders is that they cannot accept a carry bit from a previous addition.
CHAPTER 6: Function of Combination Logic From Flyod ( Digital Logic Design )
Presentation Outline:
6–1 Half and Full Adders
6–2 Parallel Binary Adders
6–5 Decoders
6–6 Encoders
6–8 Multiplexers (Data Selectors)
6–9 Demultiplexers
Half & Full Adder
This document discusses half adders and full adders. It defines a half adder as adding two single binary digits and producing a sum and carry output. A full adder adds three binary digits and produces a sum and carry output, accounting for values carried in and out. Truth tables are provided showing the input and output values for half and full adders. Circuit designs are presented for each using logic gates, with the half adder using XOR and AND gates and the full adder using additional gates due to the third input.
Arithmetic and logic unit
1. A bus is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer or between computers using both parallel and serial connections.
2. An Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) performs arithmetic and logical operations and was a core component of the earliest computer architectures proposed by John Von Neumann in 1945.
3. Logic gates are the basic building blocks of digital circuits and perform logical operations like AND, OR, and NOT on binary inputs to produce binary outputs. Common logic gates include AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR.
Lect 1 unit 2.pdf
This document provides an overview of combinational logic circuits including half adders, full adders, half subtractors, full subtractors, multiplexers, demultiplexers, encoders, decoders, binary coded decimal adders, arithmetic logic units, and the differences between serial adders and parallel adders. Combinational logic circuits have outputs that are a function of the present inputs only. Common combinational logic elements and their applications are described.
Fulll Adder
This document discusses half adders and full adders. It begins by explaining what an adder is and its importance in digital circuits. It then defines half and full adders. A half adder adds two bits and produces a sum and carry output, while a full adder adds three bits. Truth tables are provided for each. Circuit diagrams show the implementation of half and full adders using logic gates. The document also discusses parallel adders, comparing ripple carry adders which propagate the carry sequentially, to look ahead carry adders which pre-calculate carries to speed up addition.
Half adder and full adder
The document discusses half adders and full adders. A half adder performs addition of two bits and has two inputs and two outputs - the sum and carry. A full adder performs addition of three bits, taking two input bits and the previous carry as input, and outputting the sum and new carry. It uses XOR and AND gates. Full adders are used as components in cascading adders to add binary numbers with multiple bits.
Half & Full Adder Adder Logic Circuit.pptx
The half adder circuit performs binary addition on two single-bit binary numbers. The SUM output is the least significant bit (LSB) of the result, while the CARRY output is the most significant bit (MSB) of the result, indicating whether there was a carry-over from the addition of the two inputs.
A full adder is a fundamental digital circuit used in the field of electronics and computer science. It is an essential component in building more complex arithmetic and logical operations.
Logic gates
Combinational logic circuits produce outputs solely based on current inputs. They are made up of basic logic gates like NAND, NOR, and NOT connected together. A half adder adds two binary digits and produces a sum and carry output. A full adder adds three binary digits and produces a two-bit sum and carry output. A half subtractor subtracts one bit from another and produces a difference and borrow output, while a full subtractor subtracts three bits. Parallel adders use cascaded full adders to add multiple bits simultaneously, while serial adders add bits sequentially with the carry from the previous addition. BCD to 7-segment decoders take a 4-bit BCD number and output the correct segments to display
Digital Logic Design
This document provides information about Dr. Krishnanaik Vankdoth and his background and qualifications. It then discusses digital logic design topics like digital circuits, combinational logic, sequential circuits, logic gates, truth tables, adders, decoders, encoders, multiplexers and demultiplexers. Example circuits are provided and the functions of components like full adders, parallel adders, magnitude comparators are explained through diagrams and logic equations.
Design half ,full Adder and Subtractor
This document describes the design and operation of half adders, full adders, half subtractors, and full subtractors. It defines each component, provides their truth tables, and shows how to design the logic circuits using K-maps. Half adders and subtractors perform addition and subtraction of two single bits, while full adders and subtractors handle three input bits, accounting for values carried in and out. The document also distinguishes between the components and their uses in digital logic systems.
Half Adder - Combinational Circuit
The document describes how to build and test a half adder circuit. A half adder adds two binary numbers and produces a sum and carry bit output. It has the limitation of only being able to add two input bits without considering a carry in. The procedure involves connecting the half adder circuit as shown, inputting bit streams into the two inputs, running the simulation, and verifying the output matches the truth table.
Half Adder_Digital logic_
A half adder is a basic digital circuit that performs addition of two binary digits and produces two outputs: a sum and a carry. It comprises an XOR gate and an AND gate. The inputs are called augend and addend, and the output sum is the XOR of the inputs while the carry is the AND of the inputs. A half adder can add only two bits and is used as a basic building block for digital addition circuits.
Computer Organization And Architecture lab manual
The document discusses the implementation of various logic gates and flip-flops. It describes half adders and full adders can be implemented using XOR and AND gates. Binary to gray code and gray to binary code conversions are also explained. Circuit diagrams for 3-8 line decoder, 4x1 and 8x1 multiplexer are provided along with their truth tables. Finally, the working of common flip-flops like SR, JK, D and T are explained through their excitation tables.
ADDER1 (1).pptx
This document discusses half adders and full adders. It defines a half adder as a digital circuit that performs addition of two binary digits and outputs a sum and carry bit. A full adder can add three binary digits (two inputs and a carry input) and outputs a sum and carry. The document provides truth tables and logic expressions for half adders and full adders. It also presents different circuit implementations for full adders using half adders or NAND/NOR gates.
Zah architecture 123
The document discusses half adders and full adders. It explains that half adders perform addition on two binary digits and produce sum and carry outputs. The truth table for a half adder is also presented. Full adders perform addition on three binary digits - two operands and a carry in - and produce sum and carry out outputs. The truth table for a full adder is provided. Full adders can be constructed using two half adders.
Combinational and sequential logic
Combinational circuits - Half adder, Full Adder, Parallel binary adder, Subtracter, Magnitude
Comparator, Decoders, Encoders, Multiplexers, Demultiplexers, Parity bit generator, PLA.
Sequential circuits - Flip Flops – RS, JK, T and D Flip Flops, Edge triggered Flip Flops,
Master slave Flip Flops.
Similar to Half adder and full adder | Digital electronics | engineering (20)
CHAPTER 6: Function of Combination Logic From Flyod ( Digital Logic Design )
CHAPTER 6: Function of Combination Logic From Flyod ( Digital Logic Design )
More from NITESH POONIA
Indifference Curve Theory | indifference curve | indifferece curve graph
Indifference curve theory assumes that consumers will seek to maximize satisfaction when purchasing two goods given a fixed budget. An indifference curve represents all combinations of two goods that provide equal satisfaction. Properties of indifference curves include sloping downward to the right, being convex to the origin, and not intersecting, with higher curves representing greater satisfaction. The theory aims to explain consumer equilibrium when choosing between multiple options under scarcity.
Asymptotes | WORKING PRINCIPLE OF ASYMPTOTES
The document defines asymptotes as straight lines that touch a curve at infinity. It then shows the steps to find the asymptotes of the curve x3+2x2y-xy2-2y3+xy-y2-1=0. The steps involve putting y=mx+c into the equation, setting coefficients of x3 and x2 to zero, and solving the resulting equations for m and c. The asymptotes obtained are y=x, y=-x-1, and x+2y=1.
Push and pull strategy | key difference between push and pull |
Push strategy involves using marketing channels to directly promote products and services to consumers through avenues like trade shows, advertisements, and direct selling. The goal is to get the product in front of consumers and reduce the time until purchase. Pull strategy generates interest and demand among target audiences so that consumers demand the product from retailers themselves through strategies like advertising, promotions, and discounts. The key differences are that push strategy moves products through intermediaries to consumers without demand, while pull strategy involves promotion directly to consumers who then pull the product themselves.
Structural isomers and stereoisomers configuration | types of isomers | isome...
This document discusses different types of isomers, including structural isomers and stereoisomers. It defines structural isomers as molecules with the same molecular formula but different bonding patterns or atomic organization. There are three main types of structural isomers: skeletal isomers, positional isomers, and functional isomers. Stereoisomers are isomers that have the same bonding patterns but different spatial arrangements, including enantiomers (mirror images) and diastereomers (non-mirror images). The document provides examples and diagrams to illustrate these different types of isomers.
Logic gates | Universal gates | Types of logic gates |
This document discusses different types of logic gates. It defines a logic gate as an electronic circuit that makes logical decisions and performs logical operations. There are two main types of logic gates - basic gates which include AND, OR, and NOT gates, and universal gates which include NAND, NOR, and XOR gates. Each gate is then defined, such as the AND gate performing logical multiplication, the OR gate performing logical addition, and the NAND gate being the complement of the AND gate. Truth tables are also provided for gates like the XOR gate.
Soldering ppt | use of soldering | application of soldering |
Soldering is a process of joining metal components like in electronics where a filler metal with a low melting point called solder is melted and flowed into the joint between two metal items. The key steps of soldering include preheating the soldering iron, inserting electronic components like resistors into printed circuit boards, heating the joint with the soldering iron, and applying solder to allow it to flow into the heated joint in a volcano shape to securely bind the components conductively. Solder has a melting point between 90 to 450 degrees Celsius and is especially useful for electronics work.
Henri Fayol's 14 Principles of Management | fayol's principles of management
Henry Fayol is considered the father of modern management. He developed 14 principles of management based on his experience managing a mining company. The principles include division of work, authority and responsibility, discipline, unity of command, centralization vs decentralization, remuneration of employees, order, equity, and stability of personnel. Fayol's principles provide guidelines for managers to effectively organize and lead their teams to accomplish goals.
More from NITESH POONIA (7)
Indifference Curve Theory | indifference curve | indifferece curve graph
Indifference Curve Theory | indifference curve | indifferece curve graph
Push and pull strategy | key difference between push and pull |
Push and pull strategy | key difference between push and pull |
Structural isomers and stereoisomers configuration | types of isomers | isome...
Structural isomers and stereoisomers configuration | types of isomers | isome...
Logic gates | Universal gates | Types of logic gates |
Logic gates | Universal gates | Types of logic gates |
Soldering ppt | use of soldering | application of soldering |
Soldering ppt | use of soldering | application of soldering |
Henri Fayol's 14 Principles of Management | fayol's principles of management
Henri Fayol's 14 Principles of Management | fayol's principles of management
Recently uploaded
Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap - Towards more sustainable steelmaking.pdf
Iron and Steel Technology towards Sustainable Steelmaking
Unit-III-ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE DEVICES.ppt
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
5214-1693458878915-Unit 6 2023 to 2024 academic year assignment (AutoRecovere...
Bigdata of technology
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
Python language is very important language at this time. we can easily understand this language by these notes.
Computational Engineering IITH Presentation
This Presentation will give you a brief idea about what Computational Engineering at IIT Hyderabad has to offer.
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
rock mass characterization and New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Recently uploaded (20)
Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap - Towards more sustainable steelmaking.pdf
Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap - Towards more sustainable steelmaking.pdf
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
5214-1693458878915-Unit 6 2023 to 2024 academic year assignment (AutoRecovere...
5214-1693458878915-Unit 6 2023 to 2024 academic year assignment (AutoRecovere...
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
ML Based Model for NIDS MSc Updated Presentation.v2.pptx
ML Based Model for NIDS MSc Updated Presentation.v2.pptx
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
Generative AI leverages algorithms to create various forms of content
Generative AI leverages algorithms to create various forms of content
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
Half adder and full adder | Digital electronics | engineering
- 1. HALF ADDER AND FULL ADDER Presented by:Nitesh (191917)
- 2. What is Adder? In electronics an adder is digital circuit that perform addition of numbers. In modern computer adder reside in the arithmetic logic unit (ALU).
- 3. Adders : Adders are important not only in the computer but also in many types of digital systems in which the numeric data are processed. Types of adder: ❖ Half adder ❖ Full adder
- 4. Half adder : The half adder accepts two binary digits on its inputs and produce two binary digits outputs, a sum bit and a carry bit. ➢ The half adder is an example of a simple, functional digital circuit built from two logic gates. The half adder adds to one-bit binary numbers (AB). The output is the sum of the two bits (S) and the carry (C). S C
- 5. ➢ Note that how the same two inputs are directed to two different gates. The inputs to the XOR gate are also the inputs to the AND gate. The input "wires" to the XOR gate are tied to the input wires of the AND gate; thus, when voltage is applied to the A input of the XOR gate, the A input to the AND gate receives the same voltage Truth table Circuit Diagram
- 6. Full adder: The full adder accepts two inputs bits and an input carry and generates a sum output and an output carry. ❖ The full-adder circuit adds three one-bit binary numbers (Cin, A ,B) and outputs two one-bit binary numbers, a sum (S) and a carry (Cout). The full-adder is usually a component in a cascade of adders, which add 8, 16, 32, etc. binary numbers. SUM CARRY OUT
- 7. ❖ If you look closely, you'll see the full adder is simply two half adders joined by an OR. ❖ We can implement a full adder circuit with the help of two half adder circuits. The first half adder will be used to add A and B to produce a partial Sum. The second half adder logic can be used to add CIN to the Sum produced by the first half adder to get the final S output. If any of the half adder logic produces a carry, there will be an output carry. Thus, COUT will be an OR function of the half-adder Carry outputs. Circuit Diagram
- 8. What is the difference between half adder and a full adder circuit? The main difference between a half-adder and a full- adder is that the full-adder has three inputs and two outputs. The first two inputs are A and B and the third input is an input carry designated as CIN. When a full adder logic is designed we will be able to string eight of them together to create a byte-wide adder and cascade the carry bit from one adder to the next. The output carry is designated as COUT and the normal output is designated as S.
- 9. Thank you