The document provides notes on Spanish grammar topics including: [1] Forms of the imperfect and regular verbs, [2] Preterite endings for -ar, -er, -ir verbs and irregular verbs, [3] Progressive and modal verbs, [4] Adverbs, [5] Superlatives, [6] Future tense and irregular verbs, [7] Prepositions, and [8] Demonstratives. Examples are given to illustrate conjugations, spelling changes, and uses of these various grammar concepts.

1. Julia Noltkamper
5/9/12
2nd period

2. 1. Imperferct
2. Preterite
-Car Gar Zar
-Spock
1. Model
2. Adverb
3. Progressive
-Present
-Past
4 .Future and Irregulars
5 .Superlatives
6. Formal Commoands
7 .Prepositions
8. Demonstatives

3.  Forms of imperfect and regular verbs.
Stem: Take the infinitive, and remove the last 2 letters (the
infinitive ending)-
hablarhabl-- ; comer  com-- ; vivirviv—
 Endings; -arverbs -aba, -abas, -aba, -abamos, -abais,-
aban.
-er and –ir verbs; -ia, -ias, -ia, -iamos, -iais, -ian
Irregular Verbs; Only 3 verbs are irregular in the imperfect;
ser, ir, and ver:
era, eramosibaibamosveiaveiamos eras
eraisibasibaisveiasveiais era eranibaibanveiaveian.

4. ArEr/Ir
-e -i
-aste -iste
-o -io
-amos -imos
-aron -ieron

5.  Regular verbs with these endings have spelling
changes to the YO form to keep the sound of the
verb.
 -Car….. YO……que
 -Gar….. YO……gue
 -Zar….. YO……ce

6. Hacer Dar/VerIr/Ser
Hice I Fui
HicisteIsteFuiste
Hizo Io Fue
HicimosImosFuiemos
HicieronIeronFueron

7.  Irregulares for Preterite
 Andar-anduv
 Estar- Estuv
 Ponder-pud
Endings;
 Poner- pus
-e
 Querer- quis
-iste
 Saber- sub
-o
 Tener- tuv
-imos
 Venir- vin -ieteis
 Decir- dij -ieron
 Tracer-trej

8. Leer Dormir
Lei Domi
LeisteDormiste
LeyoDurmio
LeimosDormimos
LeyeronDurmieron

9.  Modal verb in right form + infinitive
Deber should, ought to, must
Desear to desire
Necesitar to need
Poder can, could, might, be able to
Querer want, would like to
Saber know, know how to
Soler usually, used to

10.  Most Spanish adverbs are formed by adding –mente
to the feminine singular form of the adjective. This
ending is like the –ly in the English language.
(If 2 adverbs pertain to 1 verb the 1st adverb gets
changed to only feminine form and the 2nd one gets
changed all thw way to the –mente form.

11. 1. Right form of Estar
Estoy, Estas, Esta, estamos, estais, estan
2. Change verb to ( -ando, -iendo, -yendo)
ComerComiendo
(comer –er + iendo)

12.  It’s used for saying things such as….
I was working…
Estabatrajando. (Trabajaba)
They were studying…
Ellosestabanestudiandoahora

13.  Use superlatives when you say something that has
the MOST or the LEAST of a certain quanlity.
Most = mas
Least = menos
Jennfier Lopez es el mas alto. (Jennifer Lopez is the
tallest)

14.  ( I will…)
Los
Infinitive + future ending irregulare
s
Endings;
Decer Dir
-e Hacer Har
Poner Pondr
-as Salir Saldr
Tener Tendr
-a
Valer Vendr
-emos Ponder Podr
Querer Querr
-an Saber Sabr

15.  For Ud/ Uds; put the verb in its (YO) form and
change to its opposite vowel
ComerComoComa
 Negative Form; add (NO) in front of the verb.
Conjugate the verb the same way.
(Irregulares + TVDISHES)

16. ABAJO BELOW
ARRIBA ABOVE
DEBAJO DE UNDER
DENTRO DE INSIDE
ENCIMA DE ABOVE
FUERA DE OUTSIDE
CERCA DE NEAR
LEGOS DE FAR
DETRAS DE BEHIND

17.  Indicate which one…..
This (near) That (far) That These Those Those
Over Over
There There
Este Ese Aquel Estos Esos Aquellos
Esta Aquella Estas Esas Aquellas