This document contains a summary of Spanish grammar concepts across various tenses and verb types. It includes explanations of regular verbs in the present tense (-ar -er -ir), stem changing verbs, irregular verbs like -go -zco -yo, reflexives, the impersonal 'se', diphthongs, verbs like -uir/-guir and -cer/cir, comparisons, the future tense, commands, the present perfect, double object pronouns, the subjunctive, and progressive tenses using ir, andar and seguir. The document provides examples and explanations of how to conjugate verbs in different tenses and with various concepts in Spanish grammar.

1. Libro De Gramática
Español
Miguel Lanier
7th period

2. Table of Contents
3. Presente -ar –er –ir 15. Preterite
4. Stem Changers 16. Irregulars-CarGarZar
5. Irregulars –go –zco –yo 17. spock
6. Saber vs conocer 18. cucaracha
7. Reflexives 19. snakey/snakeys
8. ‘se’ impersonal 20.Comparatives
7. Dipthongs 21. Superlatives
8. Verbs like…Uir/guir 22. Future
9. Verbs like…Cer/cir 23. irregulars
10. Verbs like…Ger/gir
11. Hace +__+ que + present/presentente
12. Imperfecto

3. Ar, Er, Ir
 Los verbos regulares en el presente
Caminar- Vivir-
Comer-
Camino Vivo Vivimos
Como Comemos
Camina Vives Viven
Comes Comen
Caminas Vive
Caminamos Come
Caminan

4. Stem Changers(boot verbs)
 The verbs change in the root
 They do not change in the nosotros
form or the vosotros
 E >ie Pensar-
Pienso
 O >ue
 U >ue

5. Irregulars -go -zco -yo
 The “go” “zco” verbs are only in the irregulars in
the yo form
 “go” verbs- caer, decir, oir, puner, hacer, tener,
traer, venir
 “zco” verbs (cer/cir)- conocer, producir, conducir
 y los demás – ser, ir, estar, ver,
saber, dar
Ser- Ir-
Yo - Conozco Yo – Tengo
Soy Somos Voy Vamos
Yo - Produzco Yo – Hago
Eres Son Vas Van
Yo - Conduzco Yo - Vengo
Es Va

6. Saber Vs Conocer
 saber y conocer= to know
 “yo” forms are irregular
Conocer- Saber –
Conozco conocemos Sé sabemos
Conoces Conocen Sabes saben
Conoce Sabe

7. Reflexives
 Brenda se lava- se is reflexive
 Reflexives also can be added on the
end of an infinitive. Such as…- Puedo
verme en el espejo

8. ‘se impersonal
 pronoun ”se” is in front of verbs to
make general statements.
 ¿cómo se dice man en español?
 In English it translates to either “you
say” or “one says.”
 How do you that in spanish?

9. Dipthongs w/accents
 Dipthongs are the strong or weak
vowels in a word next to each other.
 Strong vowel sounds are a,e,o.
 Weak vowel sounds are i,u,y.
 puerto, ciudad, siete, hay.

10. Verbs like…Uir/Guir
GUIR UIR
-Yo form only changes from Gu to G -Nosotros form is the only that doesn’t
-Conseguir change.
consigo -Verbs that end in -uir (not guir) add y
consigues before o, e, and a endings
consigue -atribuir
conseguimos atribuyo
consiguen atribuyes
atribuye
atribuimos
atribuyen

11. Verbs like…Cer/cir
 vowel + cer or cir add z before the c
in the yo form only.
 consonant + cer or cir change the c
to z in the yo form only.
 conducir = conduzco
 ejercer = ejerzo

12. Verbs like…Ger/gir
 Verbs that end in ger and gir change
the g to j in the yo form only.
 coger = cojo
 fingir = finjo

13. Hace +__+ que +
Present/Presentente
 The yo form is the only irregular
 Hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacen

14. Imperfecto
 The imperfect tense is used to refer to
actions in the past that occurred
repeatedly.
 Yo caminaba todo los días.
Ser- Ir- Ver- Ar- Er/Ir-
era iba veía aba
abas ía
eras ibas veías ías
era iba veía aba
ábamos ía
éramos íbamos veíamos íamos
eran iban veían aban
ían

15. Preterite
-Pasttense
-Known beginning
-Snap shot
Trigger words
Ayer
Anoche
Anteayer
La semana pasada

16. Stem changes
é í
aste iste
ó ío
amos imos
aron ieron
Esto el preterio

17. Los irregulaguros
-Only in you
-Ex. Tocar-toqué. Jugar-jugué. Comenzar-comencé

18. spock
 Ir,ser dar,ver
 Fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron dar- di, diste, dio, dimos, dieron
 ver- vi, viste, vio, vimos, vieron
 Hacer
 Hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicieron

19. cucaracha
Andar anduve - If verb conjugation
Estar estuve ends in a j, drop
Poder pude the I.
Poner puse
Querer quise conducir-conduj
Saber supe producir-produj
Tener tuve traducir-traduj
Venir vine

20. Snake/snakey
 Stem changers and y changers
 Changes the root of the verb in the
preterite only in the usted and usteded
forms.
 Dormir Leer
Dormi dorimos Lei leimos
Dormiste Leiste
Durimo durmiero Leyo leyeron

21. compartives
 Mas que..More than
 Menos que..less/fewer than
 Tan..come as
 Tanto como.. As much/many as
 Are the comparison of a person or
thing to another thing.

22. superlatives
 Indicate that one person or thing is
the best, least, or worst.
 Noun+más or menos+ adjective
 Es la ciudad menos intersante del
mundo.

23. Future
 Infinitive+ trigger words
 é todos los dias
 ás Siempre
 á a menudo
 emos Por lo general
 án
 Ir+a+infinitive

24. Irregulars
 Decir-dir
 Haber-habr
 Poder-podr
 Poner-ponr
 Querer-querr
 Saber-sabr
 Salir-saldr
 Tener-tendr
 Valer-valdr-
 Vanir-vendr

25. PARTE DOS
 Imperfect vs. Preterite
 Conditional vs. Future
 Por
 Para
 Commands
 Pres. perfect
 Double object pronouns
 Adverbs
 Subjunctive
 Se impersonal
 Progresssive- ir, andar, seguir

26. Imperfect vs. Preterite
Use is
for
past
event
s!
Aba Ia E I
Abas Ias Aste Iste
Aba Ia O Io
Abamos Iasmos Amos Imos
aban ian aron ieron

27. Conditional vs. Future
Infinitive +
ending

28. Por
 To indicate the cause of or reason for
something
 To indicate support for or action on behalf of
some person or cause
 To indicate an exchange of some sort
 To indicate being in a place
 por cierto (by the way), por lo general (generally),
por supuesto (of course), por otra parte (on the
other hand), por fin (finally), por lo menos (at
least)


29. Para
 To mean "in order to“
 To indicate purpose, intent, usefulness or
need
 To indicate a destination
 To mean "no later than" or "by“
 To mean "no later than" or "by“
 To mean "no later than" or "by“
 Estoy para salir. (I'm ready to leave. I am about to
leave.) Estamos para hacer negocios. (We're ready
to do business. We're ready for doing business.)

30. IR/ER
AR Verbs
Verbs Commands
Infinitive Yo form Ud. form
Usted
e a
salir salgo salga
Ustedes
en an hacer hago haga
Poner pongo ponga
decir digo diga
Put In Yo Form!!!! infinitive
estar estoy este
dar doy de
ser soy sea
ir voy vaya

31. Present Perfect
 Ex. Has slept, have been, had left
 He – yo ar- ado ir/er - ido
 Has - tu
 Ha – el/ella he comido – I have eaten
 Hemos – nosotros has comido – you have eaten
 Han - ellos

32. Double Object Pronouns
 Are either placed either directly before
a conjugated verb or attached to an
infinitive.
 Give it to me – Da-me-lo
 No lelo! Di le lo – Diselo
 Si lo di a ella – I gave it to her

33. Adverbs
 Ends the – mente after verb.
 The o changes to a
 Rapido- rapidamente
 Facil- facilmente List of other adverbs
 Normally- normalmente Bastante – quite
Demoasinado – too
Mucho- a lot
Peor- worse
Poco – little
Siempre - always

34. Subjunctive
hablar comer
 Attitudes,
uncertain, Hable coma
hypothetical hables comas
 Es bueno que hable coma
 Es mejor que Hablemos comamos
 Ojala que es hablen coman
necesario que
W-wish E-emotion D-doubt D-denial I-impersonal
expression N-negation G-god

35. Se impersonal
 Use SE to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of
the verb
• SE vende fruta en la fruteria.
When using SE, the verb is always in the 3rd person
• Aqui se habla espanol
Se can be used in all tenses
• Se hizo mucho
• Se hara mucho
• Se habia mucho

36. Progressive + Ir, Andar,
Seguir
IR + ando/yiendo/yendo
Is slowly but surely ______ ing.
Voy cantando una cancion.
Andar Ando/yiendo/yendo
Is going around _______ing.
Jaime ando buscando trabajo.
Seguir (e<I) Ando/yiendo/yendo
Is still _______ing.
Siguen estudiendo historia.