The document provides an overview of Spanish grammar topics including: 1) The preterite tense with conjugations for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. 2) Irregular preterite verbs like hacer, ir/ser, and dar/ver. 3) Modal verbs and their conjugations. 4) Formation of adverbs from adjectives. 5) Progressive tenses in the present and past. 6) Regular and irregular future tense conjugations. 7) Use of superlatives with el/la/los/las más/menos.

1. Blanca Birdsong

2. Table of contents
 Imperfect preterite
 Preterite : -car, -gar,-zar; spock, cucaracha; snake
 Modal verbs
 Adverbs
 Progressive : present & past
 Future – irregular
 Superlatives

3. Preterite
-ar -er/ir
e i
aste iste
o io
amos imos
aron ieron

4. Preterite (past) Tense
-ar -er/ir
• -é • -í
• -aste • -iste
• -ó • -ió
• -amos • imos
• -aron • ieron

5. Preterite
TOCAR JUGAR COMENZAR
Toque Jugue Comence
Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste
Toco Jugo Comenzo
Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos
Tocaron Jugaron Comezaron

6. Preterite continued
car gar zar
• yo • yo • yo
• Qué • gué • cé
Sacar : c -> qu (yo) saqué
Pagar: g -> gu (yo) pagué
Empezar: z-> c (yo) empecé

7. Spock (irregular preterite
verbs)
hacer ir/ser Dar(d)/Ver(v)
Hice Fui i
Hiciste Fuiste Iste
Hizo Fue ió
Hicimos Fuimos Imos
Hiceron Fueron ieron

8. Preterite Trigger Words
Ayer
Anoche
Anteayer
La semana pasada
El año pasado

9. cucaracha

10. snake

11. Modal Verbs
ir a infinitive
(one able to
poder infinitive do
something)
(want to do
querer infinitive
something)
(should do
deber infinitive
something)
Tener infinitive
(To have to
do
que something)
(to be
soler infinitive accustomed
to)

12. Most Spanish adverbs are
formed by adding –mente to
the feminine singular form of
Los adverbios the adjective. This ending
corresponds to –ly in English.
–E ending does not change r in
constenant.
Feminine
adjective Adverb
Form
When two adverbs modify
the same verb, only the
Claro Clara Claramente second one uses the –mente
ending. Note the adverb is
the same as the feminine
singular form of the
adjective.
Constante Constante Constantemente Ex:
Juan trabaja lenta y
cuidadosamente.

13. Irregular adverbs:
 Mucho- a lot
 Muy- very
 bastante- quite enough
 Mal- bad
 Bien- good
 Ya- already
 Tan- so
 Demasiado- too
 Siempre- always
 Nunca- never
 Poco- little
 Peor- worse

14. Progressive Tense (present)
The present
progressive is
formed by
combining the
verb “to be” with
the present
participle. (-ing -iendo or
part of verb) estar -ando
Yendo
Examples:
1. Estaba hablando a ti. (I was talking to you.)
2. Estabas nadando en el rio. ( you were swimming in the river.)

15. Progressive Tense (past)

16. Future
infinitive + é
infinitive + ás
infinitive + á
infinitive + emos
infinitive + án

17. Future -Irregular

18. Superlatives
When you want to say that something has the most or the least of a
certain quality, use a superlative!
El
El más
menos
Ex: Los Los
Luis es el más alto. más menos
( Luis is the tallest.)
Carmen es la más pequeña. La
(Carmen is the smallest.) La más
menos
Las Las
más menos