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Grammar book leah
- 1. Grammar Book 2 Lara Hess
- 2. 1. Imperfect 2. Preterite Contents 3. Spock 4. Cucaracha 5. Snake and Snaky 6. Car-Gar-Zar 7. Modal Verbs 8. Los adverbios 9. Irregular adverbs 10.Present progressive 11.Past progressive 12.Future 13.Future irregular 14.Superlatives 15.Formal commands 16.Prepositions 17.Demonstratives
- 3. ER/IR Imperfect Yo-Ia Nosotros-Iamos Tu-Ias Vos-Abais AR El/Ella-Ia Ellos/Ellas-Ian Yo-Aba Nosotros-Abamos Tu-Abas Vosotros-Abais El/Ella-Aba Ellos/Ellas-Aban *Uses* •Ongoing action (was/were) •Repeated action(used too) •No definite beginning or end •time./date/ age/feelings/description •Interrupted activity (cuando)
- 4. Preterite *Uses* •Past tense AR •“snapshot” in time Amos E •Beginning and/or Aste O Aron end •Completed action ER/IR I Imos Iste Io Ieron
- 5. Fui Spock Fuiste I Fue R Fuimos / Fueron S D H E A A R R C / E V Hice E R Hiciste I R Hizo Iste Hicimos Io Hicieron Imos Ieron
- 6. Cucaracha Andar Anduve- Estar Estuve- Poder Pud- Poner Pus- Querer Quis- E Imos Saber Sup- Iste Isteis O Ieron Tener Tuv- Venir Vin- Conducir Conduj- Producir Produj- Traducir Traduj- *Take off the “I” Decir Dij- Traer Traj-
- 7. Snake and Snaky Stem Changers Dormir Dormi Dormimos Y Changers Dormiste Durmio Leer Dumieron Lei Leimos Leiste Leyo Leyeron
- 8. Car -Gar -Zar -Car YO -Que -Gar YO -Gue -Zar YO -Ce
- 9. Modal Verbs •Ir + Infinitive (going to do something) •Poder + Infinitive (are able to do something) •Querer + Infinitive (want to do something) •Deber + Infinitive (Should do something) •Tener que + Infinitive (to have to do something) •Soler + Infinitive (to be accustomed to… )
- 10. Los Adverbios Change the adjective to the feminine form and add (Mente). E’s stay the same and so do the constantans. Ex. Claro Clara Claramente Alegre Alegre Alegremente When using two adverbs, the first changes to feminine form but does not add mente. The second is changed regularly. Ex. Juan trabaja lenta y cuidosamente. El chico le hablo clara y cortesmente.
- 11. Irregular Adverbs Mucho- A Lot Muy- Very Mal- Bad Bastamente- Quite/Enough Bien- Good/Well Ya- Already Tan- So Demasiado- Too
- 12. Present Progressive Estar + -Ando/ -Iendo/ -Yendo Ex. Estoy hablando a ti. Estas nandando en el rio. *Used when telling what you are currently doing.
- 13. Past Progressive Estar + -Ando/ -Iendo/ -Yendo Ex. Estaba hablando a ti. Estabas nandando en el rio. *Used when saying what you were currently doing.
- 14. Future *Used when you are going to say what you will do E As Infinitive + A Emos An Ex. Cantare Comeremos
- 15. Future Irregular Decir Dir Hacer Har E Poner Pondr AS Salir Saldr A Tener Tendr EMO Valer Vendr S Poder Podr EIS Querer Querr AN Saber Sabr
- 16. Superlatives *When you want to say something has the most or the least of a certain quality. El Mas – The most (m) El Menos – The Least (M) Los Mas – The most (plural, m) Los Menos – The Least (Plural, M) La Mas – The Most (F) La Menos – The Least (F) Las Mas – The Most (Plural, F) Las Menos – The Least (Plural, F) Ex. Carmen es la mas pequena. Luis es el mas alto.
- 17. Formal Commands Ud. + Put in “Yo” Tu + change Drop S opposite vowel Ar- E IOP Er/Ir- A DOP SE Tu- Ud.- Put in “Yo” NO S.A.A. -Change to opposite vowel -+ “S”
- 18. Prepositions * De only Cerca de- Near Delante de- In front of follows A la derecha de- to the right arriba and Detras de- behind Entre- between debajo A la izquierda de- to the left Al lado- next to when a Lejos de- Away from specific Dentro de- within Encima de- Above location Fuera de- outside of follows.
- 19. Demonstratives MASCULINE Singular Plural ESTE this one ESTOS these ESE that one ESOS those AQUEL that one AQUELLOS those (over there) (over there) FEMININE Singular Plural ESTA this one ESTA these ESA that one ESA those AQUELLA that one AQUELLA those (over there) (over there)