3. IMPERFECT
Verbos Regulares-AR Verbos Irregulares- ir
-aba -ábomos Iba Ĺbamos
-abas -abais Ibas Ibais •Ongoing
-aba -aban Iba iban action
•Repeated
Verbos Regulares-ER Verbos Irregulares- ser action
•No definite
-ĺa -ĺamos Era Éramos beginning or
-ĺas -ĺais Eras Erais end
-ĺa -ĺan •Time/date/ag
Era Eran
e/feelings/des
criptions
Verbos Regulares-IR Verbos Irregulares- ver
•Interrupted
-ĺa -ĺamos Veía Veíamos activity
-ĺas -ĺais Veías Veíais
-ĺa -ĺan Veía Veían
4. PRETÈRITO
The prederite is used for past actions that have already
been completed.
-ar verbs -er/-ir verbs
é amos í imos
aste asteis iste isteis
ó aron ió ieron
8. SNAKE/SNAKEY
Stem Changers
Dormí Dormimos
Dormir Dormiste
Durmió Durmieron
*The “o” changes to a “u” in the third person.
“Y” Changers
Leí Leimos
Leer Leiste
Leyó Leyeron
*The “i” changes to a “y” in the third person.
9. MODAL VERBS
Conjugate and pair the model verb with an
infinitive to create a new meaning.
Ir + a + infinitive(going to do something)
Poder + infinitive(are able to do something)
Querer + infinitive(want to do something)
Deber + infinitive(should do something)
Tener que + infinitive(to have to do
something)
Soler + infinitive (to be accustomed to…)
10. ADVERBS
-mente adverbs: formed by adding –mente to the
ending of the feminine singular form of a word
unless it ends in a consonant or –e.
Adjective Feminine form Adverb
Alegre Alegre Alegremente
When two adverbs modify the same verb, only the
socond uses the –mente ending; the other is the
same as the feminine singular form of the adjective.
There are also irregular adverbs that’s don’t use the
–mente ending such as mucho, muy, and mal.
11. PREGRESSIVE TENSE- PRESENT AND PAST
Past Progressive: Conjugate estar to the imperfect
tense, drop the –ar, -er, -ir of the infinitie, and attach
the progressive tense.
ESTAR + -ando/-iendo/-yendo
Example: Estaba hablando a ti.(I was talking to you.)
Pressent Progressive: formed by combining the
verb “to be” with the present participle.
ESTAR + -ando/-iendo/-yendo
Example: Estoy hablando a ti.(I am talking to you.)
12. FUTURE “WILL”
The future tense describes what will occur in the
future.
Example: I will eat. Yo comè.
È
Ás
Infinitive + Á
Emos
Án
13. FUTURE- IRREGULARS
Decir Dir-
Hacer Har-
Poner Pondr- È
Salir Saldr- Ás
Tener Tendr-
Á
Emos
Valer Vendr-
Án
Ponder Podr
Querer Querr
Saber Sabr
14. FUTURE- CONDITIONAL
The conditional tense is used to express probability
in the future tense.
To conjugate regular -ar, -er and -ir verbs in the
conditional, simply add one of the following to the
infinitive:
-ía -íamos
-ías -íais
-ía -ían
15. SUPERLATIVES
When you want to say that something has the most
of least of a certain quality, use a superlative.
Most Least
El más El menos
Los más Los menos
La más La menos
Las más Las menos
Examples:
Luis es el más alto.
Carmen es la menos cansada.
16. FORMAL COMMANDS
For Us./Uds affirmative commands, put the verb in
the “yo” form and change it to the opposite vowel
ending.
For formal negative commands, add “no”the
beginning and do the same procedure as above.
Examples: Hable chico.
No coma helado.
17. PREPOSITIONS
Arriba
: up
Encima:
above
Detrá
s:
behind
Izquierda: Derecha:
left right
Dentr Lejos:
o: Cerca:
withi far
n
close
Delant
e: in
front
Abajo:
below
Debajo:
18. DEMONSTRATIVES
• Este/ Esta (this)- aquí
• Ese/Esa (that)- allí
Singular • Aquel/Aquella (that over
there)- allá
• Estos/Estas (these)-
aquí
• Esos/Esas (those)-allí
Plural • Aquellos/Aquellas
(those over there)- allá
*adding an accent over the “e” turns it into a pronoun
