This document provides a summary of Spanish grammar topics including: imperfect verbs, preterite verbs, stem-changing verbs, modal verbs, adverbs, the progressive, the future, superlatives, formal commands, prepositions, demonstratives, irregular verbs, and more. Each topic is briefly explained over the course of one to three sentences.

1. Por: Nacho Kapcsos

2.  Imperfects pgs. 4-6
 Preterite pg. 7
 Car/gar/zar pg 8
 Spock Verbs pgs. 9-10
 Cucaracha Verbs pg. 11
 Snake and Snakey pg. 12
 Modal Verbs pg. 13
 Adverbios pg. 14
 Progressivo pg. 15

3.  El Futuro pgs. 16-18
 Superlatives pg. 19
 Formal Commands pg. 20
 Prepositions pg. 21
 Demonstratives pgs. 22-23

4. Ir/er
Ar
ia iamos aba abamos
ias iais abas abais
ia ian aba aban
• Used when an event occurs in the
past or there is no beginning or end

5. Iba Ibamos
 Ir Ibas Ibais
Iba Iban
 Ser
Era Eramos
Eras Erais
Era Eran
 Ver
Veia Veiamos
Veias Veiais
Veia Veian

6.  Todos los dias- everyday
 A menudo- often
 A veces- sometimes
 Siempre- always
 Cada dia- everyday
 Los lunes- Monday
 Generalmente- generally
 Mientras- as
 De vez en cuando- occasionally
 Muchas veces- very often
 Frecuentemente- frecuently

7. e amos
 Ar aste
o aron
 Er/Ir
i imos
iste
io ieron

8.  Irregular preterite that only changes in the first
person singular
 Ends in either car, gar, or zar
 Car- que
 Gar- gue
 Zar- ce

9. Hice
 Hacer Hiciste
Hizo
Hicimos
Hicieron
 Dar/Ver D-/V-
-I
-iste
-io
-imos
-ieron

10. Fue
 Ir/Ser Fuiste
Fui
Fuimos
Fueron

11. Drop the “I”
in “ieron”!

12.  Snake preteritos (dormir y pedir)
-I -imos
-iste
-io -ieron
 Snakey preteritos (leer, creer, y oir)
-I -imos
-iste
-yo -yeron

13.  Ir+a+ infinitive (going to do something)
 Poder+a+infinitive (able to do something)
 Querer+infinitive (want to do something)
 Deber+infinitive (should do something)
 Tener que+infinitive (to have to do something)
 Soler+infinitive (to be accustomed to)

14.  Change the ending to the opposite gender
Claro clara claramente (clearly)
 If there are two adverbs that modify the same
verb, only the second one takes on the –mente,
but the first one still has a feminine ending

15.  Is the –ing form of a verb
 Used with estar + verb with an ending
 Ar- ando
 Er- endo
 Ir- yendo
 Past Progressive
 Ar-ando
 Er- iendo
 Ir- yendo

16. -e
-as
 Infinitive +
-a
-emos
-an

17. Los Irregulares del Futuro
 Decir dir-
 Hacer har-
 Poner pondr-
 Salir saldr-
 Tener tendr-
 Valer vendr-
 Poder podr-
 Querer querr-
 Saber sabr-

18.  Conditional: I would like to…
 Me gustaria…

19.  Used when trying to say that something has
more or less of something
 Mas + adjective + que (the most…)
 Menos + adjective + que (the least)

20.  Usted Affirmative
 Put in the yo form and change to opposite
vowel
 Ar- e
 Er/Ir- a
• Usted Negative
• No + same as above

21. Izquierda Left
Derecha Right
Delante Before
Detras Behind
Cerca Close
Lejos Away
Abajo Below
Arriba Up
Enfrente Opposite
Encima Above

22. Aqui Alli Alla
SM Este Ese Aquel
SF Esta Esa Aquella
PM Estos Esos Aquellos
PF Estas Esas Aquellas
• Esto, eso, y aquello- neuter form. Subject is
unknown, could be masculine or feminine

23.  Primero-first • Must agree in
 Segundo-second quantity and
 Tercero-third gender
 Cuarto-fourth •Primero and
tercero drop the “o”
 Quinto-fifth
when describing a
 Sexto-sixth singular, masculine
 Septimo-seventh object
 Octavo-eighth
 Novento-nineth
 Decimo-tenth