The document provides an overview of various Spanish grammar topics including: question words like qué and cuál; ser vs estar; gustar and similar verbs; transition words; imperfect verbs; trigger words for preterite; acabar de + infinitive; common expressions using hacer; reflexive verbs; direct object pronouns; and an explanation of the preterite tense. It includes examples and explanations for each topic.

2.  Que vs. Cual
 Ser
 Estar
 Gustar
 Transition Words
 Imperfects
 Trigger Words
 Acabar de +infinitivo
 Formulas and Hacer expressions
 Verbs like gustar
 Reflexive verbs
 DOP and Placement
 Preterite

3.  Cual?- Which?
 Que?- What?
 Cual is used for selection from a group
 Que is used when asking for defintion

4.  Descriptions- Que es?
 Origin- De donde es?
 Characteristics- Como es?
 Time- Que hora es?
 Occupation- Que hace?
 Relationships- Quien es?
 Possession- De quien es?
 Events- Cuando/Donde es?
 Dates- Que dia es hoy?

5.  Health- Como estas?
 Emotions- Como estas?
 Location (en)- Donde estas?
 Present Condition- Como estas?
 Ing- Ques esta haciendo?

6.  Subjects  Emphasis
› Me gusta › A me me gusta.
› Te gusta › A ti te gusta
› Le gusta › A usted/el/ella le
› Nos gusta gusta
› Os gusta › A nosotros nos gusta
› Les gusta › A vosotros os gusta
› A ustedes/ellos/ellas
les gusta

7.  Y  And
 Tambien  Also
 Ni  Nor
 O  Or
 Para  For
 But
 Pero
 So
 Asi
 Later
 Luego
 Never
 Nunca
 Soon
 Ahora  Now
 Primero  First
 Despues  After
 Ni  Neither nor
 Por  Because of this
 Asi  Causing this to appen
 Entonces  Then

8.  Imperfect –ar Verbs  Imperfect –er/ir
 -aba -abamos  -ia -iamos
 -abas -abais  -ias -iais
 -aba -aban  -ia -ias
 Se  Ve
 -era -eramos  -veia -veiamos
 -eras -erais  -veias -veiais
 -era -eran  -veia -veian

9.  -iba -ibamos  Uses
 -ibas -ibais › Past tense
 -iba -iban › Repeated Action
› Continual Action
› Not a specific
moment
› Time/date/age/feeli
ngs/descriptions
› Interrupted activity

10.  Todos los dias
 A menudo
 A veces
 Siempre
 Cada dias
 Los Lunes
 Generalmente
 Mientras
 De vez en cuando
 Muchas veces
 Frecuentemente

11.  To have just finished
 -acabo de -acabamos de
 -acabas de -
 -acaba de -acaban de

12.  Hace + time+ que+ conjugated verb
› Used to talk about how much time you’ve been
doing something
 Hay + que + infinitive
› Used to talk about what needs to be or must be
done
 Se prohibe + infinitive
› Tells what is prohibited
 Se permite + infinitive
› Tells what is permitted
 Ir + a + infinitive
› Tells what someone is going to do
› Conjugate ir

13.  Must have indirect object
 “to whom?” or “for whom?”
 Ex: fascinar, faltar, encantar, importar,
interestar, molestar, doler

14.  Reflects action upon self
 Subject is “do-er” and reciever of action
 End in –se
 Subject and object are the same
 Ex: ducharse, lavarse, ponerse, peinarse
 Reflexive pronouns
› Me nos
› Te os
› Se se

15.  Affirmative
› Conjugate verb to “tu” form, drop the “s”
› Add an accent mark to the 3rd to last syllable when
syllabification changes
 Negative
› Conjugate verb to “yo” form, change the last letter to the
opposite vowel (ar->e, ir/er->a), add “s”
 Irregulars
› Di- decir
› Haz- Hacer
› Ve- ir
› Pon- poner
› Sal- salir
› Se- Ser
› Ten- tener
› Ven- Venir

16.  Attaches to:
› Infinitive verbs (ex: voy a comerlo)
› Tu commands (ex:comelo!)
› Present progressive (gerunds) (ex:
comiendolo)
› -me -nos
› -te -os
› -lo/la -los/las

17.  Used for completed
actions in the past
 -ar verbs  -ir/er verbs
 -e -amos  -I -imos
 -aste -  -iste -
 -o -aron  -io -ieron