1. By Antonio Boyett

2.  Qué vs. Cuál  Reflexive Verbs
 Ser – DOCTOR PED  Tu Commands
 Estar – HELPING  Affirmative
 Gustar  Negative
 Transitional Words  Irregular
 Imperfect Verbs  DOP
 Trigger Words  Preterit Tense
 Acabar + de + Infinitive
 Hace + Time + Que +
Conjugated Verb
 Formulas
 Verbs Like Gustar

3.  Qué is more  Cuál is more
commonly used commonly used
when asking for a before “es” or other
definition. It is often forms of “ser” and
used before a noun. when asking quantity.
 ¿Qué es un perro?  ¿Cuál es tu número
 What is a dog? de teléfono?
 What is your
telephone number?

4.  Ser = to be  Ser is specifically used
 Congugations when talking about:
 Yo – Soy ▪ D – Descriptions
 Tú – Eres ▪ O – Origin
 Él/Ella/Usted – Es ▪ C – Characteristics
 Nosotros – Somos ▪ T – Time
 Vosotros(as) – Sois ▪ O – Occupation
 Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes - Son ▪ R – Relationships
Ser is commonly used when ▪ P – Possession
talking about permanent ▪ E – Events
things. ▪ D – Dates

5.  Estar- To be  Estar is specifically used
 Congugations: when talking about:
▪ Health
 Yo – Estoy
▪ Emotions
 Tú – Estás
▪ Location
 Él/Ella/Usted – Está ▪ Present Being
 Nostotros(as) – Estamos ▪ I
 Vosotros(as) – Estáis ▪ N
 Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes-Están ▪ G

6.  Gustar is a tricky verb. Some might say it’s better
to go backwards when using gustar.
 You conjugate gustar for whatever is being
gustar-ed. EXAMPLE: Me gusta el libro. (I like
the book OR The book is pleasing to me)
 In this sentence, el libro is being gustar-ed. Since
it is singular object, gustar must be in the
el/ella/usted form.
 EXAMPLE 2: Me gustas tú. (I like you OR you
are pleasing to me)
 NOTE: You must use a personal pronouns before
gustar to signify who something is pleasing to.

7.  Words like:
 Y - And Are what’s known as
“transition words”. Their
 O - Or
purpose is to joint
 Ni – Or/Nor sentences or to join a
 También – Also list of nouns together.
 Pero - But
Soy cansado y
EXAMPLE: emocionado. No tengo
un perro ni un gato

8.  You would use an  EXAMPLES:
imperfect verb  De vez en cuando, yo
conjugation when hablaba con Ivana.
talking about  Todos los días, comías
something that has hamburgesas.
happened with no
definite beginning or
end. It’s almost like a
movie. The action just
keeps on happening.

9.  AR:  ER/IR
▪ Yo = -aba ▪ Ía
▪ Tú = -abas ▪ Ías
▪ Él/Ella/Usted = -aba ▪ Ía
▪ Nosotros = -abamos ▪ Íamos
▪ Vosotros = -abais ▪ Íais
▪ Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes- aban ▪ íain

10.  Words to look for the  A menudo
will “trigger” that an  A veces
imperfect verb is  Todos los días
being used include,  Todos los años
but are not limited  A veces en cuando
to:  Generalmente
 Mucho
 Nunca
 Siempre

11.  Acabar de… is translated to, “I have just
finished…”
 NOTE: You conjugating acabar for whoever
you’re speaking of. This verb follows regular
-AR patterns.
 EXAMPLE:
 Acabo de correr. (I have just finished running).
 Acabamos de limpiar. (We have just finished
cleaning).

12.  EXAMPLE:
 Hace tres años que limpio. (It’s been three years
since I’ve cleaned).
 Hace un mes que buscamos mi pez. (It’s been a
month since we’ve looked for my fish).

13.  Tener que + infinitive… (Tengo que cantar. I
have to sing)
 Hay que + infinitive… (Hay que cantar. I need
to sing)
 Acabar de + infinitive… (See slide)
 Ir a + infinitive (Voy a la tienda. I’m going to
the store)

14.  Molestar
 Disgustar
 Doler
 Fascinar
 Encantar

15.  Reflexive verbs are when you do something to yourself. For
instance, “I bathed myself,” or “My sister put make-up on
herself.”
 In Spanish, a reflexive verb is signified when --se is at the end
of a verb.
 Examples:
 Maquillarse
 Lavarse
To conjugate, you take the –se off the end, and put the correct
DOP in front of the verb, and conjugate the verb for the
correct person.
EXAMPLES:
Me maquillo. (I put make-up on myself)
Nos llavamos. (We wash ourselves)

16.  Tu commands are used when telling someone
younger than you that you are familiar with
to do something. For instance, “Sing!” or
“Dance!”. You conjugate the verb (cantar or
bailar) in the tu form and drop the “s”.
 EXAMPLES:
▪ SING! = Canta!
▪ Dance = Baila!

17.  When telling someone to do the action to “it”, there’s another
system. If you say, “Wash it,” you still conjugate for the tu form,
drop the “s”, AND you add on lo/la to the end. Lo/La stands for
he/she/or it.
 EXAMPLE:
▪ Wash it! = Lavalo!
If you were to tell someone to wash themselves, you would add
on the appropriate DOP.
EXAMPLE:
(Wash yourself! = Lavate!)

18.  When telling someone not to do something,
there’s a completely different system. You
want to tell someone to not dance. Take
bailar, conjugate for the yo form, switch the
ending (ar=e and er/ir=a), and add an “s”. The
phrase would become… No bailes. To tell
someone not to wash themselves, you would
approach it the same way, but add a DOP in
between “no” and the verb. It would
become……… No te laves.

19.  Di  No Digas
 Haz  No Halgas
 Ve  No Veas
 Pon  No Pongas
 Sal  No Salgas
 Se  No Seas
 Ten  No Tengas
 Ven  No Vengas

20.  Me
 Te
 Se (Lo/La)
 Nos
 Os
 Se (Los/Las)

21.  The preterit tense is used when talking about a
specific event in the past. All you have to do is
change the endings of the verbs for the
appropriate conjugation.
 AR ER/IR
 -e -i
 -aste -iste
 -o -io
 -amos -imos
 -aron -ieron