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GRAMMAR BOOK
Kevin Tillery
Table of Contents
   Qué vs. Cuál            Tu commands
   Ser                      (Affirmative, Negative, I
                             rregular)
   Estar
                            DOP Placement
   Gustar
                            Preterite
   Transitions
   Imperfect
   Triggers
   Acabar de + inf.
   Hacer Expressions
   Verbos como Gustar
   Reflexive
Qué vs. Cuál
   Qué is always used      Cuál is used in front
    whenever you are         of any conjugation
    asking for the           of ser for all other
    definition of            purposes.
    something.
Ser
             Singular   Plural    DoctorPed
1st Person     Soy      Somos     Description
2nd Person    Eres      Sois         Origin
3rd Person     Es        Son     Characteristics
                                      Time
                                  Occupation
                                 Relationships
                                  Possession
                                     Events
                                     Dates
Estar
 Temporary   Conditions   Present    Condition
    H          Health        I        -ar: -ando
    E         Emotion       N       -er/-ir : -iendo
    L         Location      G          -yendo
    P         Present
             Condition
Gustar
             Singular       Plural                  Singular        Plural
1st Person     Me (I)      Os (Us)    1st Person   A mi – Me     A nosotros
2nd Person    Te (You)     Nos (You                  gusta         – Nos
                             all)                                  gusta

3rd Person       Le          Les      2nd Person    A ti – Te    A vosotros
             (He/She/It)   (Them)                    gusta       – Os gusta
                                      3rd Person   A usted / a A ustedes
                                                   el / a ella – / a ellos / a
                                                    Le gusta      ellas – Le
                                                                     gusta
Transitions
     Transitional     Words
        Pero            But
      Tambien          Also
          O             Or
         Ni         Or (Neither)
          Y            And
       Asi que          So
      Entonces         Then
Imperfect
                       Hablar      Comer      Escribir
       Yo             Hablaba      Comía      Escribía
       Tu             Hablabas     Comías     Escribías
  Usted/El/Ella       Hablaba      Comía      Escribía
    Nosotros         Hablabamos   Comíamos   Escribíamos
    Vosotros         Hablabaís    Comíais     Escribíais
Ustedes/Ellos/Ella    Hablaban     Comían     Escribían
       s
Triggers
        Trigger          Words
    Frecuentemente     Frequently
       Los Lunes       On Mondays
     Generalmente       Generally
        Mientras          While
    De ves en cuando   Occasionally
     Muchas veces      More often
     Todos los dias     Every day
       A menudo           Often
        A veces        Sometimes
        Siempre          Always
Acabar de + Infinitive
               Singular       Plural
 1st Person   Acabo de…    Acabamos de…
 2nd Person   Acabas de…   Acabaís de…
 3rd Person   Acaba de…     Acaban de…
Hacer Expressions
   Hace + Time + Que + Verb – Used to show
    how long it has been since you have done
    something.
   Hay + Que + Infinitive – Used to show what
    needs to be done.
   Se prohibe + Infinitive – Used to show what is
    prohibited.
   Ir + A + Infinitive – Used to show what you will
    be doing.
Verbos como Gustar
  Verbos como Gustar   Translation
        Faltar           Missing
        Doler            Hurting
       Fascinar        Fascinated
       Molestar          Bullies
       Encantar           Love
Reflexive
            Reflexive Verb                          Translation
               Ducharse                             To shower
               Bañarse                               To bathe
                Lavarse                              To wash

With reflexive verbs, the do-er of the actions is
also the receiver of the action.
Tú Commands
   Affirmative
     Put   the verb into the “tú” form and drop the “s.”
   Negative
     Put   the verb into the “yo” form, then add the “s.”
   Irregular
     Di,Haz, Ve, Pon, Sal, Se, Ten, Ven
     No digas, no hagas, no veyas, no pongas, no
      salgas, no seas, no tengas, no vengas
DOP Placement
   When you change the syllabilification, you put
    the accent on the third to last syllable.
   Attach to the end of affirmative commands,
    present progressives, and infinitives.
Preterite

  Used to show that a past action has been completed before the present.


          -ar                                       -er/-ir
           -é                                         -í
         -aste                                      -iste
           -ó                                        -ío
         -amos                                      -imos
        -asteis                                     -isteis
         -aron                                      -ieron

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Spanish Grammar Book Kevin Tillery 2

  • 2. Table of Contents  Qué vs. Cuál  Tu commands  Ser (Affirmative, Negative, I rregular)  Estar  DOP Placement  Gustar  Preterite  Transitions  Imperfect  Triggers  Acabar de + inf.  Hacer Expressions  Verbos como Gustar  Reflexive
  • 3. Qué vs. Cuál  Qué is always used  Cuál is used in front whenever you are of any conjugation asking for the of ser for all other definition of purposes. something.
  • 4. Ser Singular Plural DoctorPed 1st Person Soy Somos Description 2nd Person Eres Sois Origin 3rd Person Es Son Characteristics Time Occupation Relationships Possession Events Dates
  • 5. Estar Temporary Conditions Present Condition H Health I -ar: -ando E Emotion N -er/-ir : -iendo L Location G -yendo P Present Condition
  • 6. Gustar Singular Plural Singular Plural 1st Person Me (I) Os (Us) 1st Person A mi – Me A nosotros 2nd Person Te (You) Nos (You gusta – Nos all) gusta 3rd Person Le Les 2nd Person A ti – Te A vosotros (He/She/It) (Them) gusta – Os gusta 3rd Person A usted / a A ustedes el / a ella – / a ellos / a Le gusta ellas – Le gusta
  • 7. Transitions Transitional Words Pero But Tambien Also O Or Ni Or (Neither) Y And Asi que So Entonces Then
  • 8. Imperfect Hablar Comer Escribir Yo Hablaba Comía Escribía Tu Hablabas Comías Escribías Usted/El/Ella Hablaba Comía Escribía Nosotros Hablabamos Comíamos Escribíamos Vosotros Hablabaís Comíais Escribíais Ustedes/Ellos/Ella Hablaban Comían Escribían s
  • 9. Triggers Trigger Words Frecuentemente Frequently Los Lunes On Mondays Generalmente Generally Mientras While De ves en cuando Occasionally Muchas veces More often Todos los dias Every day A menudo Often A veces Sometimes Siempre Always
  • 10. Acabar de + Infinitive Singular Plural 1st Person Acabo de… Acabamos de… 2nd Person Acabas de… Acabaís de… 3rd Person Acaba de… Acaban de…
  • 11. Hacer Expressions  Hace + Time + Que + Verb – Used to show how long it has been since you have done something.  Hay + Que + Infinitive – Used to show what needs to be done.  Se prohibe + Infinitive – Used to show what is prohibited.  Ir + A + Infinitive – Used to show what you will be doing.
  • 12. Verbos como Gustar Verbos como Gustar Translation Faltar Missing Doler Hurting Fascinar Fascinated Molestar Bullies Encantar Love
  • 13. Reflexive Reflexive Verb Translation Ducharse To shower Bañarse To bathe Lavarse To wash With reflexive verbs, the do-er of the actions is also the receiver of the action.
  • 14. Tú Commands  Affirmative  Put the verb into the “tú” form and drop the “s.”  Negative  Put the verb into the “yo” form, then add the “s.”  Irregular  Di,Haz, Ve, Pon, Sal, Se, Ten, Ven  No digas, no hagas, no veyas, no pongas, no salgas, no seas, no tengas, no vengas
  • 15. DOP Placement  When you change the syllabilification, you put the accent on the third to last syllable.  Attach to the end of affirmative commands, present progressives, and infinitives.
  • 16. Preterite Used to show that a past action has been completed before the present. -ar -er/-ir -é -í -aste -iste -ó -ío -amos -imos -asteis -isteis -aron -ieron